EXAM III: Chapter 12 - Adaptive Immunity

21. Pregnant women are usually advised to be vaccinated against influenza to protect themselves and the baby after birth. The mother will acquire ________ immunity from the vaccine while the baby will acquire ________ immunity. A) artificial active; artificial active B) artificial active; artificial passive C) artificial active; natural passive D) artificial passive; artificial passive E) natural active; natural passive

C) artificial active; natural passive

18. IgE antibody, which is associated with allergic responses, A) is usually found circulating in the bloodstream. B) is passed from mother to child through breastfeeding and may prevent the development of allergies in the child. C) encourages mast cells and basophils to release chemicals such as histamine and leukotrienes. D) is resistant to destruction by stomach acid. E) can be found bound to B cells.

C) encourages mast cells and basophils to release chemicals such as histamine and leukotrienes.

4. All the following apply to B cells except A) coordinate the humoral response by making antibodies. B) mature in the bone marrow. C) play a critical role in both the cellular and humoral responses. D) reside in the lymphoid tissue. E) originate in the bone marrow.

C) play a critical role in both the cellular and humoral responses.

12. Which number on the diagram is labeling the portion of the antibody that makes it specific for the antigen is binds to? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

D) 4

1. How does adaptive immunity differ from innate immunity? A) Adaptive immunity generates immunological memory. B) Adaptive immunity's effects are immediate upon exposure to a pathogen. C) Adaptive immunity is specific to each pathogen. D) Adaptive immunity generates immunological memory and is specific to a pathogen. E) Adaptive immunity generates immunological memory and its effects are immediate upon exposure to a pathogen.

D) Adaptive immunity generates immunological memory and is specific to a pathogen.

14. The most abundant antibody class in the body, found in all body fluids, is A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.

D) IgG.

8. When "matching" a donated organ or tissue to a recipient, it is necessary that the ________ of the donor and the recipient be as similar as possible. A) antibodies B) APCs C) blood type D) MHCs E) T helper cells

D) MHCs

3. All the following apply to T cells except A) originate in the bone marrow. B) mature in the thymus. C) reside in the lymphoid tissue. D) coordinate the humoral response by making antibodies. E) have the capacity to recognize virtually any type of antigen.

D) coordinate the humoral response by making antibodies.

6. Which statement does not apply to haptens? A) Haptens are generally too small to be immunogenic on their own. B) Haptens must bind to a more complex molecule to stimulate an immune response. C) Haptens are also known as incomplete antigens. D) Antibiotics such as penicillin are often haptens. E) Haptens are any nonpathogenic substance, rather than a microorganism, which can stimulate an immune response.

E) Haptens are any nonpathogenic substance, rather than a microorganism, which can stimulate an immune response.

17. Generally, the first antibody class made upon a primary antigen exposure is A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.

E) IgM.

20. The amount of antibody present in the blood is termed the antibody ________. A) affinity B) effector C) isotype D) specificity E) titer

E) titer

13. Each antibody molecule consists of A) a "light" protein chain. B) a "heavy" protein chain. C) various combinations of light and heavy protein chains. D) one light and one heavy protein chain. E) two light and two heavy protein chains.

E) two light and two heavy protein chains.

16. The antibody found in breastmilk and coating mucous membranes is A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.

A) IgA.

9. Which of the following is not required for T cell activation? A) antibody B) bound antigen C) co-stimulatory proteins D) involvement of CD4 or CD8 E) MHC I or II

A) antibody

10. Which lymphocyte type is shown attacking the infected cell in the figure? A) cytotoxic T cell B) helper T cell C) memory T cell D) B cell E) antigen-presenting cell

A) cytotoxic T cell

7. The cellular branch of adaptive immunity A) is organized by T helper cells and carried out by T cytotoxic cells. B) is organized by T cytotoxic cells and carried out by T helper cells. C) is based on antibody production. D) is based on the activity of both T and B cells. E) does not involve a memory function.

A) is organized by T helper cells and carried out by T cytotoxic cells.

11. Cytotoxic T cells eliminate pathogens by A) releasing chemicals which cause infected or cancerous cells to undergo apoptosis. B) releasing chemicals which are toxic to cellular pathogens. C) ingesting and digesting cellular pathogens. D) ingesting and digesting infected or cancerous cells. E) coordinating the activities of other immune cells.

A) releasing chemicals which cause infected or cancerous cells to undergo apoptosis.

2. The branches of adaptive immunity are A) the cellular response and the humoral response. B) the antigen response and the memory response. C) the cellular response and the memory response. D) the humoral response and the memory response. E) the cellular response, the humoral response, and the memory response.

A) the cellular response and the humoral response.

19. A patient antibody titer which shows an increasing level of IgM but very little IgG would likely indicate that A) the patient is in the early stages of developing an immune response. B) the patient was vaccinated against this pathogen rather than having the infection. C) the patient has nearly recovered from the infection. D) the patient is having an allergic reaction. E) the patient is currently a nursing mother.

A) the patient is in the early stages of developing an immune response.

Antigen elimination and memory occur so that next time adaptive responses are not required. True False

False

In response to activation by T-independent antigens, the B cell will undergo proliferation and differentiation to make plasma cells, and they tend to confer the same long-term protection as T-dependent antigens. True False

False

Several different antibodies often recognize the same antigen, and this is disadvantageous to the host. True False

False

Upon activation, T helper and T cytotoxic cells must undergo proliferation and differentiation to make plasma cells. True False

False

5. A substance that may trigger an immune response, if presented in the right context is termed a(n) A) antibody. B) antigen. C) cytokine. D) effector. E) hapten.

B) antigen.

15. The antibody class which is involved in fighting parasites is A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.

C) IgE.

Although adaptive immunity is specific, its antigen recognition capacity is essentially unlimited. True False

True

Most antigens are T dependent and require T helper cells to fully activate B cells. True False

True

The elimination and memorization of an identified antigen are one of the goals of the adaptive immunity that later lead to faster responses. True False

True

__________ are the main APCs. a. Dendritic cells b. T cytotoxic cells c. T helper cells d. Natural killer cells

a. Dendritic cells

Antibodies are also known as a. immunoglobulins (Ig). b. antigenic determinants. c. lymphocytes. d. phagocytes.

a. immunoglobulins (Ig).

The adaptive immune system is subdivided into two categories, _________ and ________. a. the cellular response; the humoral response b. the white blood cell response; the red blood cell response c. the first line of defense; the second line of defense d. the second line of defense; the third line of defense

a. the cellular response; the humoral response

Checking if the patient has _______ to a particular infectious agent that he/she has not been vaccinated against assists with ________ . a. antigens; diagnosis b. antibodies; diagnosis c. antigens; the immune response against an antigen d. antibodies; the immune response against an antigen

b. antibodies; diagnosis

Immunogenicity is impacted by a combination of a. antigen origin, type of polarity of the antigen, and chemical composition. b. antigen size, overall molecular complexity, and chemical composition. c. antibody activation, overall molecular complexity, and chemical composition. d. antibody origin, longevity of the antibody, and chemical composition.

b. antigen size, overall molecular complexity, and chemical composition.

Cytokines are released upon proper TH cell binding, which occurs in the a. primary activation signal. b. secondary activation signal. c. B cell receptor activation signal. d. MHC II activation signal.

b. secondary activation signal.

If IgG to a particular infectious agent is present in substantial quantities, you could conclude that a. the infection is a primary antigen exposure. b. the infection is a secondary antigen exposure. c. the infection is a tertiary antigen exposure. d. the infection is a quaternary antigen exposure

b. the infection is a secondary antigen exposure.

__________ is the most abundant antibody in human blood and constitutes up to 85 percent of total antibodies. a. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) b. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) c. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) d. Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

c. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Antibodies can perform all of the following except a. activating complement cascades. b. neutralizing antigens. c. activating plasma cells. d. promoting phagocytosis.

c. activating plasma cells.

The parts of an antigen that B and T cells recognize and mount an immune response to are called a. immunogenic recognition sites. b. molecular signaling specifications. c. antigenic determinants. d. immunological activation sites.

c. antigenic determinants.

Which of the following does not occur in the process of both the cellular and humoral responses? a. antigen presentation b. lymphocyte activation c. inflammation activation d. lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation

c. inflammation activation

MHC I is found on the surface of all body cells except a. lymphatic cells. b. white blood cells. c. red blood cells. d. dendritic cells.

c. red blood cells.

The adaptive immune system is subdivided into two branches, _________ (also called T cell-mediated immunity) and _________ (also called B cell- or antibody-mediated immunity). a. the primary response; the secondary response b. the secondary response; the primary response c. the cellular response; the humoral response d. the humoral response; the cellular response

c. the cellular response; the humoral response

Upon activation, B cells become ________ that secrete antibodies. a. helper T cells b. cytotoxic T cells c. antigenic cells d. plasma cells

d. plasma cells

Which of the following is not a result of antibody activation? a. activation of the complement cascades b. neutralization of antigens c. promotion of phagocytosis of targeted antigens d. stimulation of cell receptors

d. stimulation of cell receptors