exceptionalities final
characteristics of emotional disturbances
-inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors -inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships -inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances
characteristics of multiple disabilities
-intellectual functioning -adaptive skills -motor development -sensory functioning -communication skills
characteristics of autism
-language development ranging from no verbal communication to complex communication -social development -delays in social interaction and social skills
characteristics of intellectual disabilities
-limitations in intellectual functioning -measured through the use of IQ tests -average IQ is 100
what are gardeners models of intelligence
-linguistic (word smart) -logical-mathematical (number/reasoning) -spacial (picture) -bodily (body smart) -interpersonal (people smart) -intrapersonal (self smart) -naturalist (nature smart)
characteristics of cerebral palsy
-spastic: most common, stiff and jerky movements
What are the IDEA disability categories?
-specific learning disabilities -emotional disturbance -intellectual disabilities -multiple disabilities -deaf-blindness -autism -other health impairments -orthopedic impairments -hearing impairments -visual impairments
characteristics of hearing loss
-speech and language development -delays in language devel.
IDEA was first enacted by Congress in
1975
Over half of those students with hearing impairments are placed in a regular class which percentage of time?
80-100%
What kind of an assessment tool is an example of a goal attainment scaling process?
A rubric with five levels
What is the difference between a speech disorder and a language disorder?
A speech disorder refers to difficulties with sounds, voice quality or fluency, and a language disorder refers to difficulty receiving, understanding, and formulating ideas.
In order to be classified as TBI, the timing of the brain injury must be considered:
Acquired
According to our class discussion, what medication is commonly prescribed to deal with symptoms of AD/HD?
Adderall
IDEA currently defines students with other health impairments as those having limited strength, vitality, or which of the following?
Alertness
A student using a wheelchair is permitted to leave class 3 minutes early to use the school elevator and avoid the transition rush between classes. This is an example of:
An accommodation
What is a web quest?
An inquiry-based activity using pre-selected websites
Which of the following is NOT part of IDEA's definition of emotional disturbance?
An unusual or heightened sense of social maladjustment
In which field or discipline did universal design originate?
Architecture
Which condition may be inherited and can be triggered by smoke, dust, mold, gases, and chemicals?
Asthma
At what age are the characteristics of autism generally evident?
At or before age three
Indicate which characteristic of autism is described: Joe has delays in interacting with others and developing reciprocal relationships with others.
Atypical social development
Which of the following enables students who cannot communicate verbally or through other formats, to do so through technology?
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)
Which of the following events death from TBI than any other?
Auto accidents
Why do some people in the deaf community refrain from using the term "hearing impaired"?
Because it sounds like something is broken
In most cases, what appears to be the two main causes of emotional or behavior disorders?
Biological and environmental
Second grade teacher, Mr. Heaton, teaches diverse classroom with students from various cultures, socioeconomic levels, and linguistic levels. He is a keen observer of language in his classroom. Which of the following students in Mr. Heaton's classroom shows an example of someone having difficulty with pragmatics?
Cassandra requests a crayon by saying, "Give it to me know!"
Sometimes, students need accommodations in the assessment process. Indicate which type of accommodation is being described. Maria dictates her "essay" answers into a tape recorder, or someone writes her response for her.
Change in responding
Which device stimulates the auditory nerve fibers?
Cochlear implant
Which of the following entails receiving, understanding, and expressing information, feelings, and ideas?
Communication
What must the school do if the team determines the student's inappropriate behavior was related to his or her disability?
Conduct a functional behavioral assessment
Joey, a second grade student, has been having difficulty in school since kindergarten. His biggest challenge, which has only recently become significant, is his lack of progress in learning how to read. His parents are wary of having their son involved with special education, but they want some suggestions from the school on what can be done to assist their child. What would be the first recommended step to take in this situation?
Conduct a pre-referral screening and classroom observation to informally assess the situation
Joey, a second grade student, has been having difficulty in school since kindergarten. His biggest challenge, which has only recently become significant, is his lack of progress in learning how to read. His parents are wary of having their son involved with special education, but they want some suggestions from the school on what can be done to assist their child. What would be the first recommended step to take in this situation?
Conduct a pre-referral screening and classroom observation to informally assess the situation.
Which intervention described in the chapter involves having students learn communication skills, develop anger management skills, and take another person's perspective?
Conflict resolution
Which of the following is a range of services from less to more restrictive that schools must offer to students with disabilities
Continuum of services
Which would best describe universal design in architecture?
Curb cut-outs
Which option is Mrs. Sheldorf using when she develops a pretest for Hilary on the upcoming unit of instruction and requires Hilary to receive instruction on unknown skills?
Curriculum compacting
Identifying where in the curriculum students with disabilities can receive instruction on content from the general curriculum that is based on the students' unique learning needs is which of the following?
Curriculum mapping
A frequently used method to track progress in reading, writing, spelling, and math for students with disabilities is which of the following?
Curriculum-based measurement
Indicate which of the following areas is being described or referenced: Adolph's IEP includes learning skills in eating and dressing, using the telephone, and using money.
Daily living skills
Which of the following terms is preferred by members of the deaf community?
Deaf child
Which combination of disabilities is NOT included in the IDEA definition of multiple disabilities?
Deaf-blindness
How is the loudness of sound measured?
Decibels
Mark is a student with spastic cerebral palsy. He is above grade level academically, but due to his physical problems he becomes very anxious when he is not able to complete assignments at the same speed as his classmates. How can you help Mark decrease his anxiety and complete assignments in a more timely manner?
Develop a 504 plan that incorporates the use of technology
What term refers to a language variation used by a group of individuals that reflects regional, social, or cultural/ethnic factors?
Dialect
Which of the following is the most prevalent strategy to promote participation and progress through the general curriculum?
Differentiated Instruction
What strategy is early childhood education educator Dr. Sweigard using when he expands an activity or lesson in order to practice individual goals or objectives while maintaining the child's interest and motivation?
Embedded Learning Opportunities
Which of the following is a condition characterized by seizures, which are temporary neurobiological abnormalities that result from unregulated electrical charges in the brain?
Epilepsy
Which of the following is characterized by difficulty formulating ideas and information?
Expressive language disorder
According to its IDEA definition, what kind of force causes TBI?
External physical force
The area around them that a person can visually detect when looking straight ahead is which of the following?
Field of vision
Which of the following describes how a student uses vision in a variety of natural environments and activities?
Functional vision assessments
The ability to transfer knowledge or behavior learned from one task to another task is called
Generalization
Almost as soon as babies are born, vision helps them to organize, synthesize, and do which of the following?
Give meaning to their perceptions of the environment
The primary assessment tool for TBI injuries is:
Glasgow Outcome Scale
What is the current age span for services under IDEA?
IDEA covers individuals ages birth to 21
Where do most students with visual impairment receive most of their education?
In the general education classroom
Which statement below correctly reflects the "generations of inclusion," as noted in your text?
Inclusion is now focusing on the "what" and "how" of inclusion, rather than the "where"
What does IDEA stand for?
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Several years ago, the federal definition of mental retardation was changed to what term?
Intellectual disability
The logo image most commonly associated with autism is:
Jigsaw puzzle piece
Jody has "partial participation" on her IEP for all subjects. Which of the following is NOT an example of partial participation?
Jody goes to art when her class goes to physical education because she cannot play softball with the class.
A structured, shared, rule-governed symbolic system for communicating is called which of the following?
Language
Which two areas are usually not delayed in individuals with Asperger Syndrome?
Language and intellectual functioning
What two disability categories constitute about two-thirds of all students who are classified as disabled?
Learning disabilities and speech/language impairments
What is the male to female prevalence ratio in autism?
Males outnumber females by four to one
The process of determining a student's behavior is a direct result of the student's disability of which of the following?
Manifestation determination
Ahmad uses a hearing aid to help him hear in the classroom. You noticed that his audiogram indicated a 30 dB loss. Based on this information, what kind of hearing impairment does Ahmad most likely have?
Mild hearing loss
Which characteristics refers to Janice, who has undeveloped muscle tone difficulty walking, sitting, and moving from one position to another?
Motor development
Jeffrey fidgets all day and needs support sitting in his seat during his 5th grade class. Though he learns on grade level and is performing well in school, his constant movement is annoying to the teacher and to some of his classmates. Which one of the following should you do in this situation regarding Jeffrey?
Move Jeffrey to a place in the class where his movements are less distracting to others.
Which professional helps the student develop the ability to complete daily living skills and strengthen the ability to use small muscles in skills like handwriting?
Occupational therapist
Jillian uses magnification for her textbooks and other types of reading, but she needs support following the teachers' directions in class when they are written on the board, due to her visual impairment. Which of the following suggestions would be the best and easiest way for the teacher to help Jillian and the other class members?
Orally read items on the board to the class as or after they are written
Indicate which of the following areas is being described or referenced: Romeo is learning to use the cane, and he is learning about traffic flow.
Orientation and mobility skills
What term does IDEA use when referring to individuals with physical disabilities?
Orthopedic impairments
What IDEA category includes AD/HD?
Other health impairments
The majority of seizures can be classified into two types: generalized and which of the following?
Partial
The capacity to use a sound system of language to process oral and written communication is called which of the following?
Phonological processing
Which of the following prompts is used when the teacher takes a student's hand to model a piece of clay?
Physical
Which is NOT an assessment measure?
Physical fitness aptitude test
Which professional helps develop the student's muscle strength and stamina and use of big muscle groups?
Physical therapist
Different formats for representing and presenting content include all of the following EXCEPT:
Portfolios
As an infant, Sherry was shaken forceably by her babysitter to stop her from crying. Among some other injuries, the trauma resulted in an intellectual disability. The cause would fall into what category?
Postnatal
A student who lives in which of the following situations is more likely to develop emotional or behavioral disorders?
Poverty
What language component refers to using communication in social contexts?
Pragmatics
Peek-a-boo and duck, duck, goose are social games that can be utilized in what form of instruction?
Prelinguistic milieu teaching
What is the primary cause (of known causes) of severe and multiple disabilities?
Prenatal biomedical factors
Which principle of IDEA is being violated in this situation? When the parent, Mr. Leitch, disagreed with a recommendation from the IEP team regarding his son, he was told that the team's decision was final.
Procedural due process
The expanded core curriculum includes all of the following areas EXCEPT which of the following?
Reading, writing, and math skills
An early suggested cause of autism (later refuted) related to parenting styles characterized as:
Refrigerator mothers
In addition to using the discrepancy approach, individual states may now use what method to identify students with learning disabilities?
Response to intervention approach
Which of the following uses students with emotional or behavioral disorders as tutors for non-disabled peers?
Reverse-role tutoring
According to the textbook, which is NOT a skill learned by students through conflict-resolution instruction:
Self-advocacy
Which of the following are related to taste/smell, tactile sensitivity, visual/auditory sensitivity, and energy levels?
Sensory disorders
Accommodations do not change the content of assessment; rather they result in changes in teachers' ways of presenting information, students' ways of responding, timing, and which of the following?
Settings
Mrs. Griff varies how fast she presents the information in her math class. What term refers to this action by Mrs. Griff?
She is using appropriate instructional pacing
According to our class discussion, which of the following impairments is NOT associated with AD/HD?
Social skills
Outcomes related to TBI will vary depending on all of the following EXCEPT:
Socio-economic status of the victim
According to Gardner, which intelligence is Samantha portraying as she makes mental maps, has an intuitive knowledge of layout, notices details, and transforms one element into another?
Spatial intelligence
Which condition is non-progressive, has three common forms, and the most serious form is called myelomeningocele, which results in the non-functioning bladder and bowel?
Spina bifida
Which of the following agencies decides whether or not to offer services for students who are gifted/talented?
State or local agencies
Teaching students to modify and regulate their own learning is called which of the following?
Student-directed learning strategies
What language component is associated with using rules for putting together a series of words to make sentences?
Syntax
Under IDEA, a student who cannot learn the same content as same-age peers who do not have disabilities, and who cannot take the state assessment even with accommodations, is required to do which of the following?
Take an alternate assessment
Which of the following is NOT an assessment accommodation for students with intellectual disabilities?
Taking an alternative assessment
According to the bell-shaped curve, which student has an IQ score in the average range?
Tamika has an IQ score of 95
Defining the target skill; performing the task yourself and noting the steps; identifying the component or constituent parts; writing the steps on a data collection form; and observing the student performing the task is which of the following?
Task analysis
Which of the following component of school functional assessment evaluates the extent to which students need supplementary aids and services to participate in school activities and environments?
Task supports
Danielle is a student with oppositional defiant disorder. This manifests itself by Danielle refusing to follow directions and using inappropriate language. Which of the following would be the best course of action to help Danielle?
Teach Danielle conflict-resolution and capitalize on her strengths
Jessica is a student with visual impairments. She doesn't say hello to peers in hallways or acknowledge peers' presence when entering the room. How can you help Jessica with her social interaction and greetings to peers?
Teach peers to say both her name and their own in greeting.
What is the name of the most standard classification system for mental illness and emotional-behavioral disorders?
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Which setting is generally the preferred setting for teaching functional skills to students with mental retardation?
The community setting
What are the conditions which define AD/HD by the American Psychiatric Association?
The condition must be persistent, be manifested before the age of seven, and be observed for at least six months
According to our text, what do content standards define?
The knowledge, skills, and understandings students should learn in academic subjects.
What must alternate assessments be aligned with?
The state's academic content standards
Anthony is a first grade student who has been struggling in his general education setting. The parents and teacher have discussed their concerns about Anthony's lack of progress and frustration. Using the response to intervention model, what is the likely first step to implement for Anthony?
The teacher should implement high-quality, research-based interventions and monitor Anthony's progress
How do states typically determine if a child has a demonstrated discrepancy between perceived ability and actual achievement?
They compare the child's score on an IQ test with their score on an achievement test
Chris has severe autism and exhibits several repetitive self-injurious behaviors. To address these behaviors, Chris' parents and teachers are engaging in a functional behavioral assessment. Which of the following is an intended outcome of this assessment?
To determine the purpose of Chris' self-injurious behaviors
What is the purpose of the Apgar Test?
To screen for the detection of a disability in a newborn
Curriculum-based assessments measure how the child is progressing in the general education curriculum. True or false
True
The behavior associated with AD/HD must adversely impact the student's academic performance to receive special education services. True or false.
True
College students with disabilities were asked to identify the skills they believed necessary for success in post-secondary education. These skills include which of the following?
Understanding their disability
According to a recent study, which category of causes accounted for the largest percentage of individuals with mental retardation?
Unknown
A family-driven, collaborative, individualized, culturally competent, and community- and strengths- based program is which of the following?
Wraparound
Autisum
a developmental disability that affects children prior to the age of three in three areas -verbal and nonverbal -social interaction -academic performance
characteristics of learning disabilities
a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using or spoken language
Response to Intervention (RTI)
a problem-solving approach that involves multiple levels of increasingly intense research-based interventions matched to student needs
Which of the following is NOT an adaptive skill? Social Practical Academic Conceptual
academic
Definition of Other Health Impairment
chronic health problems those that have an adverse impact on educational performance
What is the major cause of TBI?
falls
Adaptations to the automobile for use in driver's education class should be noted on the student's health plan. true or false
false
An example of an accommodation would be to allow a student with mental retardation to learn shopping skills when other students in the class are learning geometry. True or False.
false
Behaviors such as head banging and biting are examples of obsessions. true or false
false
Finger spelling is generally used for spelling words that have a known sign. true or false
false
Gifted students should never skip a grade. true or false
false
Hyperactivity affects more adults than children. True or false
false
Students who are gifted and/or talented are guaranteed special education services under federal law. true or false
false
The content areas and methods of instruction are consistent across all 50 states. true or false
false
Today's fast-paced culture has a causal impact on individuals with AD/HD. True or false
false
dyslexia
impacts language based learning
Dyscalculia
impacts math related skills
dysgraphia
impacts written expression skills
characteristics of spina bifida
malformation of the spinal cord -the worst is myelomeningocele
related services
the supportive services or activities necessary for some students with disabilities to maximize their educational outcomes
A hearing aid makes all sounds louder. true or false
true
Apraxia can be acquired as a result of stroke, tumor, or head injury. True or false.
true
Close captioning is a supplemental aid for the hearing impaired and a universal design option for students struggling to improve their reading skills. true or fals
true
Down syndrome is considered a prenatal cause of mental retardation. true or false
true
Girls outnumber boys nationally in gifted programs. true or false
true
IDEA requires schools to consider using positive behavior supports for students with challenging behavior? true or false
true
Most individuals with legal blindness have some usable vision. true or false
true
Ms. Carter uses one-minute math worksheets as part of her assessment package. This is an example of curriculum-based measurement. True or false.
true
Researchers attribute giftedness to a combination of nature and nurture. true or false
true
Shared reading is a recommended teaching method for young children with a hearing loss. true or false
true
Students with emotional or behavioral disorders usually have intelligence in the low-average range. True or false.
true
The child's age at the time of the injury significantly affects cognitive functioning and rehabilitation prospects. true or false
true
The research on peer tutoring shows positive results for both partners. true or false
true
Which is NOT a functional skill? Money concepts Writing Grooming Leisure activities
writing