EXER 201 - Chp 6: Biomechanical Foundations

In the context of performing activities that require stability, which of the following individuals has the lowest center of gravity? An athlete leaning backward to get out of the starting blocks in a sprint A standing individual spreading his or her feet opposite to the direction of a movement An individual bending his knees to stop quickly in a sprint race A football lineman assuming a one-point stance

An individual bending his knees to stop quickly in a sprint race

Identify the important purposes for the study of kinesiology according to Hamilton and Luttgens. (Select all that apply.) Expandability Safety Effectiveness Efficiency Adaptability

safety, effectiveness, efficiency

_____ is the body's ability to return to a position of equilibrium after it has been displaced. Leverage Force Motion Stability

stability

Which of the following best describes Newton's second law of motion? A change in velocity of an object is directly proportional to the force producing it and inversely proportional to the object's mass. If two unequal forces are applied to objects of equal mass, the object that has the less force applied will accelerate quicker. A body in motion will remain in motion at the same speed and in the same direction unless acted on by some outside force. If two equal forces are applied to objects of different masses, the greater mass will accelerate quicker.

A change in velocity of an object is directly proportional to the force producing it and inversely proportional to the object's mass.

Which of the following illustrates that the wider the base of support is, the greater the stability? A football lineman taking a three point position A man standing with his feet apart A man leaning forward during a sprint A man bending backward during a sprint

A man standing with his feet apart

Anthropometry Electrogoniometry Electromyography Dynamography Telemetry

Anthropometry - It is concerned with the measurement of the length, width, diameter, circumference (girth), and surface area of a body and its segments. Electrogoniometry - It uses electrical devices such as potentiometers to measure the degrees of movement at a joint. Electromyography - It provides a means to observe the involvement of a particular muscle or muscle group in a movement. Dynamography - It is used to measure joint torque and power output in research and clinical settings. Telemetry - It permits movement data to be recorded without encumbering a performer with wires and other equipment that can hinder performance.

A first-class lever A second-class lever A third-class lever

FCL - The fulcrum is located between the weight and point of application of force SCL - The weight is between the fulcrum and the force. TCL - The force is between the fulcrum and the weight

Which of the following best describes Newton's third law of motion? A body at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by some outside force. A change in velocity of an object is directly proportional to the force producing it. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. A change in velocity of an object is inversely proportional to the object's mass.

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Which of the following statements illustrates that force can occur without motion? Force is applied on an object to initiate motion. Force is applied on an object that rests on a wall. Force is applied on an object that is already in motion. Force is applied on an object to reduce speed.

Force is applied on an object that rests on a wall.

Which of the following is true of forces in the context of kinetics? Forces have both a magnitude (i.e., size) and a direction. Forces do not affect the biological aspects of the human body. Forces are the measure of any objects' inertia. Forces on the body cannot occur externally.

Forces have both a magnitude (i.e., size) and a direction

Which of the following is true of torque in the context of human motion? It is contrasted with the force necessary to produce linear acceleration. It is created by the blood cells present in a human body. It is contrasted with the force necessary to produce angular acceleration. It is created by the nerves present in a human body.

It is contrasted with the force necessary to produce linear acceleration.

Which of the following statements best describes the study of biomechanics? It is the study of how various human actions affect the different physiological systems in one's body. It is the study of how various forces affect human motion and how movements can be improved in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. It is the study of how various human actions affect the psychological systems in one's body. It is the study of how all external forces that affect human motion can be negated from the physiological and psychological actions.

It is the study of how various forces affect human motion and how movements can be improved in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy

KE - It refers to the energy a body has because it is moving. PE - It refers to the energy that accrues as a result of the position that a body occupies relative to the earth's surface.

Linear motion Rotary motion

LM - It refers to movement in a straight line and from one point to another RM - It consists of movement of a body about a center of rotation, called the axis

Static Equilibrium Dynamic Equilibrium

SE - sitting; occurs when the center of gravity is in a stable position DE - running; is a state in which the center of gravity is in motion

Identify the statement that best describes the relation between stability and equilibrium. The body's stability has no effect on its equilibrium. The lesser the body's stability, the more difficult it is to affect its equilibrium. The greater the body's stability, the more difficult it is to affect its equilibrium. The greater the body's stability, the more easy it is to affect its equilibrium.

The greater the body's stability, the more difficult it is to affect its equilibrium.

Which of the following statements is true according to Newton's second law of motion? An increase in acceleration is inversely proportional to the amount of force that is applied. The less the amount of force that is imparted to an object, the greater the acceleration with which that object will travel. The heavier an object, the less force needed to slow it down. The heavier an object, the more force needed to speed it up.

The heavier an object, the more force needed to speed it up.

True or false: The roughness of different surfaces and the amount of force pressing them together, normal force, influence the amount of friction.

True

Which of the following statements is true according to Newton's second law of motion? The less the amount of force that is imparted to an object, the greater the acceleration with which that object will travel. Whenever one object moves, another object moves too and in the opposite direction. An increase in acceleration is inversely proportional to the amount of force that is applied. The heavier an object, the less force needed to slow it down.

Whenever one object moves, another object moves too and in the opposite direction.

In the context of the principles that govern a human body's ability to maintain stability or balance, when the center of gravity extends beyond the boundaries of the base of support, _____. linear and angular motions are integrated movement is lost balance is lost linear and angular accelerations are contrasted

balance is lost

A subdiscipline of kinesiology that focuses on the application of the scientific principles of mechanics to understand movements and actions of human bodies and sport implements is called _____. bioinformatics bionomics biomechanics biotechnology

biomechanics

The _____ is the point at which all of the mass of a human body seems to be located and the point about which an object would balance. center of force center of velocity center of gravity center of pressure

center of gravity

_____ focuses on studying movement patterns and how they change across the lifespan, from infancy to old age and with people with disabilities. Developmental biomechanics Biomechanics of meditation Biomechanics of exercise Rehabilitation biomechanics

developmental biomechanics

In the context of kinetics, __________ relates to the capacity of a body to perform work.

energy

True or false: In the context of kinetics, the greater the mass of an object, the lesser the force needed to produce acceleration.

false

True or false: In the human body, the position of the center of gravity does not change during movement.

false

In the context of kinetics, _________ is any action that changes or tends to change the motion of an object.

force

________ is the effect that one body has on another.

force

In the context of kinetics, ____________ is a force that occurs when surfaces come in contact and results when the surfaces move past each other.

friction

According to Sir Isaac Newton, the law of _____ states that a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will remain in motion at the same speed and in the same direction unless acted on by some outside force. flexibility velocity torque inertia

inertia

Which of the following is concerned with understanding the spatial and temporal characteristics of human movement, that is, the direction of the motion and the time involved in executing the motion? Kinesiology Kinetics Kinematics Ergonomics

kinematics

The scientific study of human movement is called _____. kinesiology mycology phlebology otorhinolaryngology

kinesiology

In the context of mechanical principles and concepts related to movement, a _____ is a mechanical device used to produce a turning motion about a fixed point, called an axis. pulley scrollerwheel lever plunger

lever

When performing activities that require stability, individuals should _____. maintain a narrow base of support extend their center of gravity beyond the boundaries of the base of support lower their center of gravity increase their center of gravity

lower their center of gravity

In the context of kinetics, _____ is the amount of matter possessed by an object. friction velocity force mass

mass

The term kinesiology is derived from the Greek kinesi, meaning _____. motion field charge impulse

motion

_____ implies movement. Force Motion Leverage Stability

motion

In the context of Sir Isaac Newton's first law of motion, if an applied force is less than the resistive force offered by an object, _____. motion will occur balance is lost motion will not occur balance is gained

motion will not occur

Kinesiology helps prepare physical education, exercise science, and sport professionals to teach fundamental motor skills and specialized sport skills to people of all ages, as a means of _____. increasing ambiguity reducing tolerance optimizing performance negating injuries

optimizing performance

Identify the physiological components involved in kinesiology. (Check all that apply.) Structure of muscles Immune system Skeletal framework Functions of muscles Structure of hepatocyte

structure of muscles, skeletal framework, functions of muscles

In the context of the principles that govern a human body's ability to maintain stability or balance, the nearer the center of gravity is to the center of the base of support, _____. the lesser the body's ability to return to a position of equilibrium the more unstable the body the lesser the body's ability to produce force, energy, and torque the more stable the body

the more stable the body

In the context of the selected biomechanical terms related to human motion, __________ represents a twisting, turning, or rotary force related to the production of angular acceleration.

torque

True or false: Kinesiology involves the study of neuromuscular movement.

true

Which of the following are important terms related to kinematics? (Check all that apply.) Velocity Friction Gravity Acceleration

velocity, acceleration

Identify an activity that is in the focus of developmental biomechanics. Strength training Walking Meditation Recovery from injury

walking

The _____ the base of support is, the greater the stability. farther hollower wider narrower

wider