Exercise 4
john terborgh found that out of nearly 1500 species of plants only were crucial to sustain most animals in a rainforest
12
according to conway, " zoo propagation can probably aid in the survival of or more of all terrestrial vertebrates likely to become extinct in the next century"
15%
dr beck reported that of 146 attempted reintroductions only have been judged successful
16%
for the sake of our bushmeat discussion kinda of hunting are defined
2
after laying her clutch of eggs female gopher tortoise will need to build enough nutritional reserves to produce another clutch
2 years
many species of cloud forest frogs have declined or gone extinct in costa rica
True
bushmeat trade in primates is causing concern because new strains of an hiv like virus are infecting people who eat duikers
false
climate is changing uniformly across globe
false
effects of global warming will be felt most severely in developed countries
false
harp seals are endangered species
false
human hunting increases the population of predators
false
kyoto protocol is an agreement among nations to cut greenhouse gas emissions, the us agreed to join
false
subsistence hunting occurs when forest people sell the animals they kill to other people living in the same village
false
sustainable hunting occurs when people hunt for the sole purpose of providing for themselves and their family
false
wading birds in everglades have declined due to bureaucratic forces inside park
false
keystone species in many new world tropical forests
figs
dusky seaside sparrow originally occurred only in
florida
koalas kakapos indri lemurs and sloths are or leaf eaters
folivores
group of bird species that is severely impacted by size of protected areas
forest interior nesters
scientists have concluded that human consumption of is the major force driving global warming
fossil fuels
the US park service is an agency under the department of the
interior
those plant or animal species that play critical roles in a community are called species
keystone
at polar latitudes declines in have affected range of species from seabirds to marine mammals
krill
creating conservation priorities based on cuteness is not good policy, but attractive appealing species can be useful for conservation purposes if they
require large areas of habitat
terborgh claims that are particularly harmful to tropical birds
roads
capybara are giant, semi-aquatic
rodents
a ger is a
round felt tent
in our example, people on philippines were over harvesting
sea horses
tortuguera was established as a protected area for
sea turtles
sea otters eat many which are harmful graziers in kelp forests
sea urchins
one of the major factors that causes a shift to non sustainable hunting is when nomadic tribes become
sedentary
captive bred animals may not be the best candidates for reintroduction because they often lack the skills needed to survive in the wild
true
capybara are more efficient at converting grass to protein than are sheep or rabbits
true
capybara females produce five times more offspring in terms of weight than do other larger grazers
true
communal nesting birds are especially vulnerable to harvest
true
demands of living on low energy food means that most folivores must conserve energy whenever possible and this often translates to being very slow
true
driving a car generates more greenhouse gas than almost anything you do
true
every year over 100 million people visit north american zoos
true
greenhouse gas regulate climate by trapping heat and holding it around earth
true
humans find flattened faces much more appealing than long pointed snouts, probably because our own faces are flattened
true
hunting can lower the age of first reproduction in a hunted species
true
impoverished herders in many countries are subsidizing snow leopard conservation by inadvertently providing the cats with a ready source of food- their own livestock
true
in indochina many large animals have been almost eliminated by hunting
true
leaf eaters typically produce just one small offspring which grows very slowly and is dependent on its mother for a long time
true
leopolds classic treatise on game management argues for the use of natural resources without destroying the possibility of future generations using them
true
methods for conserving biodiversity include reducing carbon emissions
true
most serious leaf eaters have leaf digesting bacteria in their gut
true
penguins koalas giant pandas monkeys and meercats all score high on the attractiveness scale because they often sit upright or walk on two limbs
true
reintroduction is not a viable option for the majority of species threatened with extinction
true
snow leopards are often forced to kill domestic livestock because local people shoot and tap and animals that make up their natural prey
true
some reptiles exhibit temperature sex determination
true
sound hunting technique of the serval is so well developed that these cats cant hunt in windy weather
true
spring in alaska now arrives 2 weeks earlier than in 1950
true
tortoise burrow provides a refuge for various species of amphibians, reptiles and mammals
true
water birds of several spexies have increased in new york harbor
true
with proper controls harvesting of capybara can be a valuable conservation tool because it encourages ranchers to preserve wetland habitats
true
scientists agree that many species thought to be keystone species to their ecosystem seem to be
unobtrusive rare and little known
capybaras attain their greatest density in the
venezuelan llanos
as rising temps disrupt natural systems most species will not be able to migrate or change behavior
true
2006 stern report estimates it will cost of global gdp to stabilize the effects of global warming
1%
according to the red list hunting is responsible for the decline of mammals and birds threatened with extinction
1/3
rodents pangolins and primates make up about of the bushmeat taken in west and central africa
1/4
if no action is taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, scientists predict that the planets average temp will increase by in 50 years
2-3 degrees C
koalas and sloths save energy by spending up to hours a day motionless
22
in the us each person is responsible for tons of co2 emissions compared with average tons per person thru rest of world
22 and 6
levels of several important gases have increased by about percent in the last 150 years
25%
most grazers can only be harvested at 10% but the capybaras high reproductive rate allows them to be harvested at a rate of
30%
according to 2006 study by parmesan the most relatively mild climate change of 0.6 C has impacted of all wild species
41%
in the DRC the duiker populations have declined due to subsistence hunting
43%
in the winter of 1993-94 the value of snow leopard skin was times higher than the minimum yearly wage in krygyzstan
60x
primate populations in equatorial guinea have been reduced by in some areas
90%
a specialized stomach slow locomotion and sleeping a lot are a leafeaters adaptations to
a low energy diet
for tropical forest species the morality from hunting is largely to natural morality
additive
us forest service is under the department of
agriculture
in africa south america and asia, heavy hook like claws a long sticky tongue and rudimentary teeth are standard characteristics of species that exploit the niche
ant eating
one of the most successful reintroduction programs involved
arabian oryx
in the 1960s, the dominant item in zoo news was
baby animals
bananas cashews mangoes and durian all rely on for pollination
bats
increasing spring temps have caused the annual first dates of calling by frogs in NY to by 10-13 days
be earlier
hoatzins and kakapos are both folivorous
birds
orangutans are native to
borneo and sumatra
majority of gases produced by
burning fossil fuels
species are more resilient to harvest if they
can recolonize easily
what do the black footed ferret red wolf spix macaw and pere davids deer have in common
cannot survive without captive breeding
last species of bird described in the us
cape sable seaside sparrow
along with physical defenses like spines hairs and lignin leaves also produce to discourage leaf eaters
chemicals
in mongolia low cost incentives used to persuade villagers to protect wildlife and improve their animal husbandry involved providing people with
childrens clothes and flour
60% of all potential snow leopard habitat is in
china
recent climate trends in mountainous areas in central and south america have produced optimal conditions for which is likely cause of amphibian extinctions
chytrid fungus
helped restore pop of water birds in NY harbor
clean water act
major gas associated with global warming is
co2
species survival plan (ssp) is a
computerized mating system for zoo animals
leopolds model of resource use was based on management of upland game, habitat management and
control of hunting
duplication of body shapes and behaviors in unrelated animals is called
convergent evolution
tortuguera is a protected area in
costa rica
usfws to help conserve concho river water snakes
created artificial riffles
according to ben beck, a reintroduction is successful when it
creates a self sustaining population of 500
cue for pied flycatchers to begin migration from africa to northern europe is not temp but
day length
animal displays emphasizing will continue to be the centerpiece of zoo programs
education
changes in hunting/technology radically affect hunting. wire snares and shotguns allow hunters to be more and less
effective/discriminating
fish in africa and south america have independently evolved parallel solutions to living in silt laden rivers. they use to communicate and hunt
electrical signals
one of the least successful reintroduction programs involved the
european barn owl
flying requires an enormous amount of energy so most birds that feed on leaves
glide or are flightless
reducing carbon emissions can help to reduce
global warming
an adult snow leopard is roughly the size of a
golden retriever
which two species are highly dependent on the gopher tortoise burrow to survive
gopher frog and florida mouse
humans often select for species which can change the composition or the biological community
granivorous and frugivorous
extirpation of the mountain lion, jaguarundi and ocelot on barro colorado island panama is believed to be linked to extinction of
ground nesting birds
most common reason why so many creatures cant be reintroduced is
habitat is gone
experts recommended stopping the reintroduction of orangutans rescued from the illegal pet trade
habitat was already full
scientists are able to compare levels of gases from thousands of years ago by analyzing
ice cores
major focus of international snow leopard trust has been to
identify ways to reduce leopard predation on livestock
low survival rates of young birth defects and increased susceptibility to diseases in zoo animals are attributed to
inbreeding
a major difference between the european and north african system of wildlife management is that in europe the wildlife belongs to the
landowner
many markets in indochina now only sell birds bats and frogs because
large animals are nearly gone
species that are vulnerable to local extinction are usually
large bodied
one of the most evocative features of a cute animal
large eyes
other characteristics besides cuteness can make a species more attractive for instance makes an animal more endearing
large size
conway estimated that the zoo ark would have room for of the 20000 plus mammals birds reptiles and amphibians that would need our attention
less than 1000
global warming will seriously impact florida because
lots of low lying areas.
some folivores use as another way to save energy
loud calls
a rise in sea levels would have the greatest impact on which two states
louisiana and florida
species with intrinsic rates of population increase are less resilient to harvest
low
hunting population densities of hunted species
lowers
critics of capybara harvest charge that
method of killing is unnecessarily cruel
according to moulton, early hunters probably helped wipe out in new zealand
moas
temp of determines the sex of alligator hatchlings
nest cavity
cathi campbell found that humans were harvesting large numbers of green sea turtles off coast of
nicaragua
a large head, large eyes, a rounded body and short stubby limbs trigger a human urge to
nurture and protect
according to the red list of threatened species human hunting is responsible for the decline of mammals and birds threatened with extinction
one third
for any animal reintroduction program, the first factor to consider is whether
original causes of the animals decline are still present
long legs a long neck and large ears are adaptations of both the serval and the maned wolf for
pinpointing the location of rodents in tall grass
in the us, one of the first attempts to reintroduce an animal to the wild involved
plains bison
global warming controversy is largely a debate
political
an unexpected consequence of the bushmeat trade is the threat to plant species that depend on animals for
pollination and seed dispersal
golden lion tamarins are a species of
primate
in developing countries, the survival of animals such as rhinos and elephants is directly related to the amount of money spent on
protection
sloths iguanas and possibly other folivores use to raise their body temp to normal
solar heat
capybara are native to
south america
animals that have already produced young or those that are hybrids between subspecies cannot be used for SSP breeding are considered
surplus
concho river water snake is listed as
threatened
most observations of climate change responses on plants and animals have involved alterations in species phenologies
timing of events
wildlife trade monitoring network of the iucn and the wwf
traffic
according to biologist Gould, " were fooled by an evolved response to our own babies, and we transfer our reaction to the same set of features in other animals"
true
according to moulton global warming will be greatest in sub arctic boreal forests of siberia and north america
true
animals on three continents have independently evolved spines as a strategy to avoid being eaten
true