Experimental Psych Test #1 pt 2 ( Feb 6, 2019 )

When a person's word is believed to be true without examination, a believe has been formed via the method of

a priori

Which of the following is an example of applied research in psychology

a researcher finds that people react more quickly to a signal that is expected rather than to one that is unexpected

A student wants to know whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events than those who do not. Which of the following methods of answering this question does NOT rely on empirical data about this relationship?

asking a member of the clergy whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events

Choosing to believe some material in this course because your instructor told you that it is correct information most likely represents

authority

Early in life, our beliefs are fixed prterm-17imarily through

authority

A theory that explains a wide variety of occurrences with very few explanatory concepts is said to

be parsimonious

A theory whose predictions are misinterpreted from one researcher to the next is said to

be testable

The inductive scientist

believes that explanation will become obvious once enough data are collected

A parsimonious theory is one that

can account for the available data in the fewest possible terms

If the diffusion of responsibility hypothesis is correct, then term-17

compared to working alone, individuals working in unmonitored groups will get less work done

Gathering data within guiding theoretical framework describes

deduction

Scientific knowledge is based on

empirical evidence

A good theory is incapable of being disproved

false

According to naturalism, hypothesis testing is the best methodology

false

In contrast to other sciences, the verbal theories developed in psychology tend to be more precise than the mathematical theories

false

In general, basic researchers assume that the same mental processes cannot occur in different physical situations

false

Scientists are trained to use the a priori method of obtaining knowledge

false

The scientific method involves rejecting contradictory evidence of a current belief

false

The self-correcting nature of science is revealed when a particular finding fails to replicate

false

To understand a process, the physical situations in the real world and the laboratory need to be the same for any firm conclusions to be drawn

false

In a laboratory setting the psychologist is mterm-17ore concerned that the _________ are the same and less concerned that the physical situation is the same

independent variables

Intervening variables are abstract concepts that link __________ to__________

independent variables, dependent variables

The scientific method

relies on empirical observation

Researchers have found that, once learned, negative stereotypes are very resistant to change. According to Peirce, this is an example of belief fixed through

tenacity

The statement that science is self correcting refers to

the fact that theories may be proven by empirical methods

The Cartesian model of science takes the view that

the goal of science is to understand nature

If two theories can explain the same data, then

the least parsimonious theory is the better theory

If diffusion of responsibility is a valid explanation of social loafing, which of the following would be expected to REDUCE social loafing in a group of workers?

monitoring the performance of each individual worker

The philosophical belief that the truth of all knowledge is questionable is known as

skepticism

According to the diffusion of responsibility theory, ______ could eliminate social loafing.

Measuring individual performance in group situations

To many scientists, the distinction between basic an applied research is an artificial one; this is because

both types of research has advantages and disadvantages

Theory in psychology serves to both organize data and to

generate prediction for untested situations

When we say that a good theory is falsifiable, we mean

it makes predictions which can be disproved through empirical observation

One advantage of supporting basic research in science is that

research is done in controlled laboratory settings can demonstrate phenomena that would be difficult to observe outside the laboratory

A generalization is a relatively broad statement lacking specifics that cannot be tested directly

true

Applied research is likely to have practical applications

true

Establishing identical behaviors in tow different individuals does not ensure that the same underlying processes are occurring in both people

true

Hypothetical concepts known as intervening variables link independent variables to dependent variables

true

In the method of deduction, general explanations are generated from a theory that can be tested against data

true

Mathematical theories are generally without value in psychology

true

Scientific beliefs are generally formed by the method of tenacity

true

The results of studies on the social loafing phenomena are explained well by the diffusion of responsibility hypothesis

true