Experimental Psych Test #1 pt 2 ( Feb 6, 2019 )
When a person's word is believed to be true without examination, a believe has been formed via the method of
a priori
Which of the following is an example of applied research in psychology
a researcher finds that people react more quickly to a signal that is expected rather than to one that is unexpected
A student wants to know whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events than those who do not. Which of the following methods of answering this question does NOT rely on empirical data about this relationship?
asking a member of the clergy whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events
Choosing to believe some material in this course because your instructor told you that it is correct information most likely represents
authority
Early in life, our beliefs are fixed prterm-17imarily through
authority
A theory that explains a wide variety of occurrences with very few explanatory concepts is said to
be parsimonious
A theory whose predictions are misinterpreted from one researcher to the next is said to
be testable
The inductive scientist
believes that explanation will become obvious once enough data are collected
A parsimonious theory is one that
can account for the available data in the fewest possible terms
If the diffusion of responsibility hypothesis is correct, then term-17
compared to working alone, individuals working in unmonitored groups will get less work done
Gathering data within guiding theoretical framework describes
deduction
Scientific knowledge is based on
empirical evidence
A good theory is incapable of being disproved
false
According to naturalism, hypothesis testing is the best methodology
false
In contrast to other sciences, the verbal theories developed in psychology tend to be more precise than the mathematical theories
false
In general, basic researchers assume that the same mental processes cannot occur in different physical situations
false
Scientists are trained to use the a priori method of obtaining knowledge
false
The scientific method involves rejecting contradictory evidence of a current belief
false
The self-correcting nature of science is revealed when a particular finding fails to replicate
false
To understand a process, the physical situations in the real world and the laboratory need to be the same for any firm conclusions to be drawn
false
In a laboratory setting the psychologist is mterm-17ore concerned that the _________ are the same and less concerned that the physical situation is the same
independent variables
Intervening variables are abstract concepts that link __________ to__________
independent variables, dependent variables
The scientific method
relies on empirical observation
Researchers have found that, once learned, negative stereotypes are very resistant to change. According to Peirce, this is an example of belief fixed through
tenacity
The statement that science is self correcting refers to
the fact that theories may be proven by empirical methods
The Cartesian model of science takes the view that
the goal of science is to understand nature
If two theories can explain the same data, then
the least parsimonious theory is the better theory
If diffusion of responsibility is a valid explanation of social loafing, which of the following would be expected to REDUCE social loafing in a group of workers?
monitoring the performance of each individual worker
The philosophical belief that the truth of all knowledge is questionable is known as
skepticism
According to the diffusion of responsibility theory, ______ could eliminate social loafing.
Measuring individual performance in group situations
To many scientists, the distinction between basic an applied research is an artificial one; this is because
both types of research has advantages and disadvantages
Theory in psychology serves to both organize data and to
generate prediction for untested situations
When we say that a good theory is falsifiable, we mean
it makes predictions which can be disproved through empirical observation
One advantage of supporting basic research in science is that
research is done in controlled laboratory settings can demonstrate phenomena that would be difficult to observe outside the laboratory
A generalization is a relatively broad statement lacking specifics that cannot be tested directly
true
Applied research is likely to have practical applications
true
Establishing identical behaviors in tow different individuals does not ensure that the same underlying processes are occurring in both people
true
Hypothetical concepts known as intervening variables link independent variables to dependent variables
true
In the method of deduction, general explanations are generated from a theory that can be tested against data
true
Mathematical theories are generally without value in psychology
true
Scientific beliefs are generally formed by the method of tenacity
true
The results of studies on the social loafing phenomena are explained well by the diffusion of responsibility hypothesis
true