Exposure Java Chapters 1 & 2

List 2 of Grace Hopper's accomplishments.

-developed program translators -developed COBOL

What ASCII range is used for the "standard set of characters"?

0 through 127

Early computers used vacuum tubes. How much information did one vacuum tube store?

1 bit

Exactly how many bytes are in a kilobyte?

1024

What ASCII range is used for the "extended set of characters"?

128 through 255

When was Java released... and by whom?

1995 by Sun Microsystems

What is a "nibble"?

4 bits

What is the ASCII code for a capital A?

65

How many different combinations are possible with 2 bytes?

65,536

How many bits are in a byte?

8 bits

What was the first computer bug?

A moth stick in the relays of the Mark II

What is Morse Code based on?

A series of short/long signals

Who is considered "The Mother of Programming"?

Ada Lovelace

What dose ASCII stand for?

American Standard of Computer Information Interchange

What should you do if you are confused?

Ask questions

What language uses commands with mnemonic names and hexadecimal numbers?

Assembly Language

What was the first language used for personal computers back in the 1970s?

BASIC

If you have important information saved on a disk, what should you do to protect against the possibility of losing this information?

Back up the data

What number system is typically used to display memory addresses?

Base 16

What does BASIC stand for?

Beginner All-Purpose Symbolic Instructional Code

What is the exposure equation?

Bewilderment + Exposure = Obvious

What secondary storage device is coded with areas that reflect and absorb laser light?

CDs

What was the first programming language designed for business?

COBOL

Who invented the first general purpose computing machine?

Charles Babbage (father of computer science)

List 2 problems with copying and turning in another student's lab as your own

Cheating, you don't learn anything about the concept

What does COBOL stand for?

Common business oriented language

Why do we not simply use English, or any other human language, to program a computer?

English is too ambiguous

What was the first commercially successful programming language?

FORTRAN

What was the first successful programming language for the mathematics and scientific community language?

FORTRAN

In your math class, you may have learned that Blaise Pascal created Pascal's Triangle. What is he famous for in Computer Science?

First Numerical Calculating Machine

What does FORTRAN stand for?

Formula Translation

What should you do on a lab assignment if you are "stuck"?

Get help

Who invented a machine used for the US Census and later founded a company that eventually became IBM?

Hermen Hollerith

What company created the first personal computer to be considered a true business computer and not just a toy for playing games?

IBM PC

How is C++ different from the original C?

It combined the existing C language with the demands of OOP

Refer to your answer from the previous question. How is this coding system different from ASCII?

It uses two bytes and adds many characters

Compaq released its first computer back in 1982. It was known for two firsts. What are these?

It was the first portable computer & 100 compatible with IBM PC

Learning Computer Science, like most sciences, is most effective, when you do what?

Learn by observation

What does LAN stand for?

Local Area Network

Who was the first programmer of the Mark-I?

Lt. Grace Hopper

What company created the first operating system for IBM, and eventually became bigger than IBM?

Microsoft

Does cramming work in computer science?

NO

Who developed Pascal?

Niklaus Wirth

What does OOP stand for?

Object Oriented Programming

What language attempted to be a language that was good for science and for business, but turned out to be far too cumbersome?

PL/1

Why do some people experience "roller coaster emotions" in computer science?

People get excited when a program works and depressed if it doesn't.

What do computers use today to store information?

Planar transistors on microchips

What kind of chip stores temporary information for the computer?

RAM

What kind of chip stores permanent information for the computer?

ROM

What is one of the most important elements of learning in a classroom?

Student teacher relationship--Leon Schram

What were the first 2 video games?

Tennis for Two and SpaceWar

What computing device was invented in 3000BC and is still used today in some parts of the world?

The Abacus

What was the commercially successful personal computer?

The Apple II

What was the first electronic digital computer and when was it invented?

The Atanasoff-Berry computer was invented in 1940 (ABC)

What was the first commercially successful computer with the mouse/windows technology?

The Macintosh (Mac)

What is Sneaker Net?

The old way information was shared by copying data to a disk, putting on your sneakers, and walking it to the other computer.

Jack Kirby invented something back in 1958 which eventually lead to the development of microchips. What did he invent?

The planar transistor

Back in 1946, what would a programmer have to do to program the ENIAC?

They would actually have to walk inside the computer

What eventually replaced the vacuum tubes?

Transistors

What was the first computer that a company could actually purchase?

UNIVAC -1

Java does not use ASCII. What does it use instead?

Unicode

What was the first wide spread software to be sold?

VisiCalc-1979

Who invented the slide rule?

William Oughtred

What will your time in the computer lab primarily be devoted to?

Writing computer programs

How is writing an essay different from writing a computer program?

You have to follow precise rules of writing.

Is a protractor digital or analog?

analog

What is the name of the translator used by Assembly Language?

assembler

What number system do you use?

base-10

Who was BASIC designed for?

beginning students

What is "bit" an abbreviation for?

binary digit

What number system does the computer use?

binary- base 2

The CPU is essentially the _______ of the computer

brains

What community was COBOL created for?

business

What does CPU stand for?

central processing unit

Which has more power? The cheapest cell phone made today, or the $10,000,000 ENIAC computer from 1946?

cheapest cell phone made today

Explain the difference between an interpreter and a compiler.

compiler-translates the entire source code into machine code before executing the program. interpreter- translates one source code program statement at a time into machine code and then executes single statements.

What type of information allows you to make a precise copy of the original?

digital

When a metal is a "semiconductor" that means it allows you to precisely control the flow of what?

electrons

In what 3 ways are computers superior to human beings?

faster, more accurate, don't forget

What is really the cause of most "computer errors"?

human programming error or data input error

Loom's already existed in the 1800s. What was special about Jacquard's Loom?

invented flexible cards that are punched with information in such a manner that it is possible to program how cloth will be weaved. It was one of the first programming examples.

What does "platform independent" mean?

language does not cause problems as the program is transported between different hardware and software platforms.

What is a high-level language?

languages closer to human languages

What is a "low-level" language?

languages that are very close to computer binary code

What is the main board in a computer, with all the primary computer components, called?

motherboard

Were early personal computers networked?

no

The first practical networks for personal computers were called what?

peer-to-peer networks

What does RAM stand for?

random access memory

What does ROM stand for?

read only memory

What is the first step in learning computer science?

read the assigned textbook pages before the lecture

What should you do before a scheduled lab?

read the assignment

What should you do after the lecture?

read the material again

Iron Oxide is the technical term for something we use to store information on a disk. What is the more common term?

rust

Define the word "program"

set of instructions that can be executed by the computer to achieve a certain goal

What are computer chips made out of?

silicon

What is a peer-to-peer network?

small groups of computers with a common purpose all connected to each other

Refer to the previous questions. Why did he develop Pascal?

teaching

Explain why programming in machine language is undesirable.

tedious process of entering thousands of 0s and 1s

During the lecture, what topics should you pay attention to?

the ones that confused you

Finish this sentence. The secret of Morse code is the fact that electricity can be...

turned on or off