Fad Diets
meal composition of paleo diet
-40% fat -30% protein -30% carbs
risks of paleo diet
-absence of fiber and vitamins -absence of calcium from dairy -nutrient deficiency -altered gut flora -overconsumption of meat products -not sustainable for long term weight loss
who should abstain from intermittent fasting?
-diabetics -eating disorders -active growth stage -pregnancy
health benefits of intermittent fasting
-effective for weight loss -increase lifespan -decreased rates of chronic disease -may have long term sustainability -improve cognitive function and memory
what types of food to eat on a keto diet?
-fats -meat -nonsweet vegetables
what to eat in paleo diet?
-grass fed meat and wild game -fruits and vegetables -eggs -seeds and nuts
health risks of intermittent fasting
-headaches, dizziness, dehydration -rebound overeating -nutrient deficiencies
purported benefits of paleo diet
-improved blood sugar -decrease in hunger -less processed food consumption -blood pressure
purported benefits of keto diet include...
-increase metabolism -decrease in hunger -increase muscle mass -improve BP
health benefits of raw food diet
-increased fruit and vegetable intake -weight loss -low cardiovascular disease -blood pressure -lower triglycerides
health risks of keto diet
-keto flu -high in saturated fat -nutrient deficiency -liver and kidney problems -constipation -not sustainable for long term weight loss
hormone levels during ketosis
-low insulin -normal glucagon -normal epinephrine
health risks of mediterranean diet
-no emphasis on portion size -nutrient deficiencies like iron and calcium
health risks of raw food diet
-nutritional deficiencies -foodborne illness -high workload for preparation -generally contradicted by science and evidence based medicine -not sustainable for long term weight loss
health benefits of the keto diet
-reduce frequency of epileptic seizures -weight loss
health benefits of paleo diet
-reduced Na and sugar intake -weight loss -improved glucose diet -blood pressure -lower triglycerides
health benefits of the mediterranean diet
-reduced processed foods -good long term sustainability of diet -lower risk of chronic diseases
purported benefits of raw food diets
-weight loss -more fiber and vitamins -better cholesterol and blood sugar -reduced environmental impact
purported benefits of intermittent fasting
-weight loss -positive metabolic changes -decreased inflammation
purported benefits of mediterranean diet
-weight loss -prevention of CVD -lower risk of some cancers -overall healthier aging process
meal composition of mediterranean diet
30-35% fat 15-20% protein 50% carbs
5:2 diet
5 days a week eat normally 2 days restrict intake to 500-600 calories -1 normal day between 2 days
meal composition of keto diet
75% fat 20% protein 5%. carbs
intermittent fasting
Umbrella term describing an eating pattern where patients have periods of normal caloric intake mixed with periods of very restricted or no caloric intake
Fad Diet
a diet that becomes popular for a short time without being a standard dietary recommendation, and often making unreasonable claims for fast weight loss or health improvements
periodic fasting
abstain from food and caloric beverages for continuous days
raw omnivore
allows raw dairy, raw eggs, raw plant-based foods, and intake of raw fish/poultry/meat if patient wishes
ketones
alternative energy source, made when glucose is in short supply and is made in the liver from breakdown of fats
raw food diet
based on the concept of eating only uncooked, unprocessed foods
physiology of intermittent fasting
body is breaking down triglycerides between meals
most cells prefer to burn ______, not ______ for energy
carbs; fats
mediterranean diet
diet based on traditional cuisine of countries bordering the mediterranean sea
time restricted feeding
eat a standard amount of calories but only within 8-12 hours
alternate-day fasting
eat nothing one day and eat whatever you like the next
raw vegetarian
excludes meat, fish, and poultry; allows raw dairy, raw eggs, and raw plant-based food
the hormone levels in the keto diet causes what to fat in the body?
fat is released from the adipose tissue
mediterranean diet is generally accepted as _________ and a medically sound diet plan
heart-healthy
Paleolithic Diet
high-fat, low-carb diet based on eating foods similar to what humans would have eaten during the Paleolithic (Stone Age) era
ketogenic diet
high-fat, low-carb diet intended to promote burning ketones, rather than glucose, for energy
how does the keto diet reduce seizures?
increases GABA and reduced neuronal excitability and firing
______ are formed when there is inadequate sugar or glucose to supply the body's fuel needs
ketones
low carb intake forced cells to switch to ______
ketosis
raw vegan
limits foods to purely plant-based (no animal products) and raw, uncooked/unprocessed choices
restrictive
may omit key nutrients or lead to dehydration
unrealistic goals for fad diets
may promise dramatic short-term results
meal composition of intermittent fasting
no set rules
meal composition of raw food diet
no set rules, as long as its not cooked
food choices in the mediterranean diet emphasize
plant based foods and healthy fats
food choices of the raw food diet emphasize...
plant-based foods with little to no intake of meats and dairy, and no processed foods
underlying theory of paleo diet
rise in chronic diseases in modern society stem from the agricultural revolution/widespread farming
t/f intermittent fasting is not a diet in convention sense
true. its more of an eating pattern
in the paleo diet, food intake is based on ...
what can be hunted and gathered based on surroundings