Family Relations

Studies in various societies show which of the following?

-Boys prefer more aggressive kinds of activity. -Boys exhibit a much higher preference for sports as a leisure activity than do girls. -Men commit more violent crimes. than women.

Which of the following is proposed by Cherlin as one of the possibilities regarding the future of marriage?

-Marriage will become merely one of many alternative ways of experiencing an intimate relationship. -Marriage will revert to what it was in the past. -Marriage will remain important to people but will not be as dominant as it was in the past.

What are some true statements regarding gender and love?

-Men tend to say "I love you" earlier in a relationship than do women. -Women report being in love fewer times than do men. -Women are less likely than men to believe in love at first sight.

All of the following are disadvantages of meeting someone on the Internet and then pursuing the relationship further

-People may miss nonverbal signals. -People may want to pursue a relationship with someone who lives at a great distance from them. -People may find that they have started a relationship with a person who is disturbed or even dangerous.

Ira Reiss (Reiss and Lee 1988) characterized the development of love in terms of four separate but interrelated processes. Identify a true statement about these processes.

-Self-disclosure leads to mutual dependency. -Mutual dependency leads to the fulfillment of one's intimacy needs. -Increasing self-disclosure is a characteristic of a developing intimacy.

The text points out that for some people the "marriage squeeze" is exacerbated by the following?

-The lingering belief among some people that wives should be homemakers leads to lower rates of marriage among those women who hold this belief but who also aspire to a college degree. -Those men who expect to be the breadwinner or at least the primary provider of income for the family are likely to marry only when they believe their income is at a sufficiently high level to fulfill their responsibility. -The norm that a man should be somewhat older than the woman he marries limits the choices of both men and women.

According to the text's discussion of gender and interaction quantity/quality,

-females are more likely to reach out for support -males tend to value independence more than females -females are more relationship-oriented than males

According to the text's discussion of gender and family experiences,

-parents help their children to differentiate gender roles by treating their male and female children differently -both fathers and mothers use different discipline strategies for boys and girls -both fathers and mothers use a greater range and number of emotional terms with their daughters than with their sons

Compared with married couples, cohabitors tend to be

-younger -more likely to be unemployed -less educated

Which couples are more egalitarian in the sharing of household tasks?

Black couples compared to white

Which of the following is a similarity between symbolic interactionists and systems theorists?

Both stress the importance of gender roles in shaping human behavior.

In terms of what theory, men and women have different interests and must, to some extent, vie with each other in order to successfully pursue those interests.

Conflict Theory

Which theory suggests that much of the segregation and discrimination experienced by African Americans is rooted in the competition of racial groups for economic and political advantages?

Conflict Theory

In a series of experiments, researchers concluded that the notion that men and women are totally different creatures in dealing with "troubles talk" is

False

According to Nye (1988), which of the following statements is true about exchange theory?

It asserts that all individuals try and keep their cost lower then their rewards in interaction

Parenting in Hispanic families reflects four cultural values. Which of the following best describes the value "personalismo"?

It is a value on individual character and inner qualities.

Which of the following normally specifies such matters as how assets will be distributed in the event of divorce or death, how debts will be paid, and what kind of insurance coverage to have?

Prenuptial agreement

Which of the following is not necessary for long-term adjustment in marriage?

Private Contracts

What was the result of a logitudinal study done by Tasker and Golombok to compare children who were raised by lesbian couples vs. single-mothers who were heterosexual

Problems did arise for those who were stigmatized by their peers and those who felt that their mothers were too open about their lesbian identity in front of their friends.

In the case of divorce, which of the following is true about single-parent families?

The child lives primarily with one parent.

the undifferentiated gender role is...

The gender-role orientation held by the smallest number of people.

What are the largest factors of the "black marriage crisis" (the continued decline and rate of quality marriages)

The high unemployment rate of black males

Which of the following statements is true of the degree of emotional closeness among the college students?

The men, but not women, are more likely to talk about personal matters while engaged in some shared activity.

According to the studies conducted by Zinn and Wells (2000) and Pinto and Coltrane (2009), identify a true statement about Hispanic families in the United States.

The studies fail to show a pattern of male dominance.

General Readiness

The text points out that the third aspect of timing means that getting married is not merely a matter of finding the right partner but of being at a point in your life where you feel equipped for the challenges and adventure of marriage.

Which of the following statements is true of the traditional roles of males and females?

The traditional male is someone who is in control of his life.

Which of the following statements is most likely true about the members of a network family?

They are always available to help and support each other in the same way as a family related by blood or marriage.

Identify a true statement about secure lovers.

They are comfortable depending on others and having others depend on them.

According to Caspi et al. (1998) and Brown (2002), identify a true statement about children in single-parent homes.

They are less likely to achieve higher levels of education, occupation, and income.

Here are some of the following reasons for people being single

To pursue a career To avoid being in an unhappy relationship To maintain personal freedom

Emotional Loneliness vs. Social Loneliness

When a person has fewer intimate relationships than he or she desires (emotional) vs. having less interpersonal interaction than desired (social)

Polygamy vs. Polygyny vs. Polyandry

When a person has more than one spouse, the word is polygamy. If the spouses are wives, polygyny is a more specific term. If the spouses are husbands, the appropriate word is polyandry. Thus, polygyny and polyandry are two forms of polygamy.

Cohesion

Which of the following terms is best described as the sense of emotional bonding that family members have toward each other?

According to the text, men tend to marry women who

are either at or somewhat below their own educational level.

The communication patterns practiced before marriage

are good predictors of marital success.

Aaron and Abigale married six years ago. They both enjoy fishing and spend a lot of time together. They engage in outdoor sports and indoor games along with their two children. However, they have ongoing problems with financial management. Even though they fight over money issues, they are able to talk about them. According to the ENRICH analysis, Aaron and Abigale are most likely classified as a .

balanced couple

Among the Moba-Gurma in Togo, in cases of , the head of the family gives a woman to a man in gratitude for his services (farm work) or as an expression of friendship.

child betrothal

Who among the following is most likely to have high rates of antisocial behavior?

children of single parents

A survey of 302 undergraduates found the highest levels of self-disclosure among

feminine and androgynous females

People who date longer before marriage tend to

have a rewarding marriage.

Men who agree with the traditional roles tend to

have attitudes conducive to the sexual harassment of women.

The traits of warmth, caring, sensitivity, and nurturing

have traditionally been associated with the female sex role

Johnny and Becky share passion but neither intimacy nor decision/commitment. Their relationship is best described as

infatuation

What is a societal way of regulating heterosexual relationships.

institution of Marriage

Assortative Mating

is a broad concept that refers to marriage between two people who are similar to one or more characteristics.

Agape

is a love that is independent of one's feelings for another.

Jelousy

is a negative emotional reaction to a real or imagined threat to a love relationship.

According to the text's discussion, cohabitation .

is often a testing ground for marriage

The fact that people's needs and interests change over time makes

it difficult to predict long-term marital satisfaction

After one year of marriage, most couples report feeling

less satisfied with the amount of interaction between them

Conan goes to a clinic to donate blood. He is aroused by looking at a nurse in the clinic and asks her out. Immediately after this meeting, he tells his friend that he feels passionate love for the nurse. This scenario best exemplifies .

misattribution of arousal

A survey of 55 gay or bisexual men found that

more than 90 percent of their sons were heterosexual

Conflicts created by private contracts may be resolved through

negotiation

Suppose that we trace a person's lineage through his or her father, grandfather, etc. This reflects a pattern of what descent tracing?

patrilineal

Socialization

refers to the process of learning to function effectively in a group.

Which of the following combinations of siblings make contact and exchange advice more than others?

sister to sister

A survey of high-school students found that the majority expected their

spouse to fulfill nearly all their needs for security, support, and companionship

In who's terms, do we define our own expectations as legitimate and those of our partner as not legitimate when they clash with our own.

symbolic interactionist

According to the text's discussion of questioning style, women communication tends to use more what?

tag questions.

Haden and Bethany are an ideal couple in the neighborhood. They are highly satisfied on all dimensions of their life together and are complacent with whatever they have. They maintain a cordial relationship and resolve all their conflicts between themselves. According to the ENRICH analysis, Haden and Bethany are a .

vitalized couple

A survey of 475 college students in three Russian universities revealed that percent of females reported some kind of sexual assault.

36.6

Which of the following is true of commitment in marriage?

A happy marriage in which there is a firm sense of commitment becomes a strong resource for dealing with the stresses of life.

Nuclear Family

A household that comprises of a father, mother and one child.

Familism

A value on family livign

Who among the following has the highest proportion of people who are divorced or who have never married?

African Americans

instrumental traits

Aggressiveness, competitiveness, self-confidence, and goal achievement are considered

Worldwide, men tend to look for women as potential spouses who exemplify which traits?

Are physically attractive

Systems Theory

As applied to intimate relationships, asserts that the intimate group must be analyzed as a whole; the group has boundaries that distinguish it from other groups.

Which of the following statements is true of the comparison between married couples and cohabitors?

Children born to cohabiting parents are five times more likely than those born to married parents to experience parental separation.

Identify a true statement about cohabitors.

Cohabitors tend to have grown up in a single-parent home.

Symbolic Interactionism

Definition of the situation

Harry and Pamela have been married for three years and have a six-month-old baby. They are not compatible with each other and fight daily. They fail miserably at managing their finances and run on huge debt. They are seriously thinking of a separation because they do not see a future for their relationship. According to the ENRICH analysis, identify the type of couple that Harry and Pamela are.

Devitalized couple

Donna is a single mother who spends her non-working hours meeting the needs of her two small children, Betty and Tom. She feels that she has no time for her friends, her hobbies, or for dating. In this scenario, Donna is most likely to experience what kind of overload?

Emotional Overload

In the traditional female gender role, women are viewed as

Emotional and submissive

In what kind of relationship do people seek to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs.

Exchange

theorists argue that if couples have not worked out a marriage contract, they will have to work on the problems of equity and consensus in such areas as the division of labor around the home, sex life, social life, and other matters.

Exchange theorists

Casual and sometimes spontaneous getting together of groups at parties, parking lots, bars, and other locales is referred to as

Hanging Out

According to Susan Sprecher's research, identify factors that are found to be associated with only the sense of being underbenefited in a relationship.

Higher likelihood of breaking up Lower satisfaction Lesser commitment

In terms of role expectations, which of the following tasks do couples tend to agree to share?

Housework Money management Child care

Dona is a struggling model and is from a low economic background. However, Simon, a business tycoon, wants to marry her for her physical attractiveness and kindness. They marry each other in a lavish wedding ceremony. This is most likely an example of .

Hypergamy

Systems Theory

In the context of the Asian American family, emphasizes that the children of Chinese immigrants are struggling with how to establish their own identity while remaining a part of their family, a struggle that is more painful because of the contradiction between U.S. and traditional Chinese values.

Pragmatic

In the context of the types of lovers, the ________ lover is a combination to some extent of ludus and storge and tries to find a partner who has a particular set of characteristics that he or she desires in another.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, age homogamy has been

Increasing

Which of the following religious groups has the highest rate of marrying within their religion?

Jews

Homogamy

Marriage between people who are similar in social and demographic characteristics is known as what?

postnuptial agreement

Married people are turning to a , a legal document that specifies how a couple's assets will be divided if they divorce, but it is entered into after the couple is married.

In a study of college women, which form of marriage was rejected by 85 percent of women?

Polygamous

Which of the following is true regarding older cohabitors?

Most have been previously married before.

Chafetz drew a number of conclusions about the relative influence of biological and social factors in gender role development. Which of the following is not one of these factors?

Most of the traits and behaviors identified as masculine or feminine in a society are innate.

Which of the following is true regarding education and seeking a marriage partner?

Most people are willing to marry someone with more education.

Which of the following best describes the term "propinquity"?

Nearness in place

The text points out that with regard to emotions, there is evidence of which of the following?

Parents tend to teach their sons to suppress their emotions from about one year on

There are three kinds of attachment styles with one's mother. What are they?

Secure Avoidant Anxious/ambivalent

The institution of marriage is governed by

Social Norms

What are especially disadvantaged couples dealing with

Student couples Premaritally pregnant couples Teenage couples

Disengagement.

Sulking, leaving the scene, and other forms of withdrawal reflect the communication influence tactic known as