FAMILY160

Sandra Bem coined the term ________ to describe those people who possess both masculine, or instrumental, and feminine, or expressive, traits.

"androgyny"

________ note that those who are less powerful (women and minorities) have a greater need to know what the more powerful people with whom they interact are really thinking and planning.

Conflict theorists

Which of the following statements is true about sex life and marital satisfaction?

Couples can have a fulfilling sex life and a happy marriage. Couples can have an unfulfilling sex life and a happy marriage. Couples can have a great sex life and an unhappy marriage. All of these answers are correct.

According to Nye (1988), which of the following statements is true about exchange theory?

It asserts that all individuals attempt to keep their costs lower than their rewards in interaction.

Identify a true statement about fatuous love.

It is the love in which there is passion and commitment but no intimacy.

Which of the following is a result of an interesting longitudinal study conducted by Tasker and Golombok (1997) to compare children raised by lesbian couples and single heterosexual mothers?

Problems did arise for those who were stigmatized by their peers and those who felt that their mothers were too open about their lesbian identity in front of their friends.

Identify a true statement about the anxious/ambivalent infant.

The infant has a mother who is inconsistent in her care.

Which of the following statements is true of the degree of emotional closeness among the college students?

The men, but not women, are more likely to talk about personal matters while engaged in some shared activity.

Identify a true statement about the Alternatives to Marriage Project, an organization founded in 1998.

The organization strives to gain equal rights for the unmarried.

According to the studies conducted by Zinn and Wells (2000) and Pinto and Coltrane (2009), identify a true statement about Hispanic families in the United States.

The studies fail to show a pattern of male dominance.

According to Caspi et al. (1998) and Brown (2002), identify a true statement about children in single-parent homes.

They are less likely to achieve higher levels of education, occupation, and income.

In the context of cohabitation, which of the following statements is true of coresidential daters?

They basically dislike living the single life and opt to move in with someone.

Close friends provide singles with a number of benefits. Identify one of these benefits.

They encourage and support personal growth. They enhance singles' health. They help with difficult decisions. Correct! All of these answers are correct.

According to Meadows (2009), which of the following statements is most likely true about single fathers?

They have more mental health problems than do married fathers.

Which of the following is true of the gender differences in nonverbal behavior?

Women are more sensitive to nonverbal cues than are men.

In comparing women's conversational styles to those of men, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Women show less ability in using eye contact and nonverbal messages.

Which of the following best describes the term "family"?

a group united by marriage, blood, and/or adoption in order to satisfy intimacy needs and/or bear and socialize children

Expressive individualism has been particularly strong for the past few decades, buttressed by ________ that has urged people to search for self-fulfillment above all.

a humanistic psychology

The nineteenth-century philosopher John Stuart Mill was so impressed with the problems of finding a suitable mate that he called marriage a:

a lottery ticket

In American marriages, on average, we generally find the age of men to be:

about two years older than their wives'.

Nadine is a single parent who spends most of her time either working, doing household chores, or taking care of her children. She seldom socializes with friends or engages in recreation. This is likely to result in:

an intimacy deficit.

Benetta is an independent woman, and she focuses on her career growth. She also loves and cares for her family. She enjoys cooking as much as she enjoys fishing. She also plays soccer in her leisure time. According to Sandra Bem, which of the following terms can be used to describe Benetta?

androgynous

"Hooking up" most likely includes:

anything from kissing to sexual intercourse between two people who are not committed to each other.

According to the text, men tend to marry women who

are either at or somewhat below their own educational level.

According to the text, men tend to marry women who:

are either at or somewhat below their own educational level.

According to Dush and Amato (2005) and Soons and Liefbroer (2008), the highest level of well-being occurs in those who ________.

are married

Kamo and Cohen (1998) found that black couples, compared with white couples, ________.

are more egalitarian in the sharing of household tasks

Persons who delay marriage until their thirties or forties:

are more likely to have a heterogamous union. experience a marriage "squeeze." find fewer people like themselves to marry. Correct! all of these answers are correct.

Worldwide, men tend to look for women as potential spouses who:

are physically attractive.

Studies in various societies show that

boys prefer more aggressive kinds of activity. boys exhibit a much higher preference for sports as a leisure activity than do girls. men commit more violent crimes than women. Correct! all of these answers are correct.

Among the Moba-Gurma in Togo, in cases of ________, the head of the family gives a woman to a man in gratitude for his services (farm work) or as an expression of friendship.

child betrothal

According to Lauer and Lauer (1986:50), ________ means "a promise of dedication to a relationship in which there is an emotional attachment to another person who has made the same promise."

commitment

According to the ________ theory, jealousy can be conceptualized as a reaction to a potential loss in the competition for an intimate relationship.

conflict

As ________ theorists point out, a good deal of the competition for valued resources takes place along racial lines in the United States.

conflict

In terms of ________ theory, men and women have different interests and must, to some extent, vie with each other in order to successfully pursue those interests.

conflict

From the ________ perspective, we would expect dating relationships to involve some efforts to enhance one's position in society.

conflict theorists'

Which of the following suggests that much of the segregation and discrimination experienced by African Americans is rooted in the competition between racial groups for economic and political advantage?

conflict theory

During the child-rearing years, marital satisfaction:

decreases for one or both spouses.

Harry and Pamela have been married for three years and have a six-month-old baby. They are not compatible with each other and fight daily. They fail miserably at managing their finances and run on huge debt. They are seriously thinking of a separation because they do not see a future for their relationship. According to the ENRICH analysis, identify the type of couple that Harry and Pamela are.

devitalized couple

The text points out that good communication includes self-disclosure, sharing daily events, conveying respect to the partner, and:

discussing problems

Sulking, leaving the scene, and other forms of withdrawal reflect the communication influence tactic known as:

disengagement

According to a study of college women, which type of marriage was not rejected by a single woman?

egalitarian

Two researchers who analyzed data collected from female college students between 1961 and 1996 found that women have become more ________ in their expectations about marital matters than they were in the middle of the twentieth century and earlier.

egalitarian

Donna is a single mother who spends her nonworking hours meeting the needs of her two small children, Betty and Tom. She feels that she has no time for her friends, her hobbies, or for dating. In this scenario, Donna is most likely to experience ________ overload.

emotional

In the traditional female gender role, women are viewed as:

emotional and submissive.

According to Levinger, marriages that last but do not bring satisfaction are known as:

empty shell marriages

In the context of the types of lovers, the ________ lover tends to focus on the physical, and particularly the sexual, aspects of relationships.

erotic

Families that are made up of grandparents, parents, and children are called:

extended families

Which of the following character traits did people value highly in a British Internet survey?

face attractiveness kindness general good looks Correct! All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following terms means "a value on family living"?

familism

PREPARE, an instrument developed by Dr. David Olson and his colleagues, measures factors important in predicting marital satisfaction, including:

family and friends. the sexual relationship. realistic expectations. Correct! all of these answers are correct.

A survey of 302 undergraduates found the highest levels of self-disclosure among ________.

feminine and androgynous females

The text points out that the third aspect of timing—________—means that getting married is not merely a matter of finding the right partner but of being at a point in your life where you feel equipped for the challenges and adventure of marriage.

general readiness

The text points out that commitment:

grows as people's satisfaction with their relationship increases.

In 2014, the birth rate was 12.5 births per 1,000 population, which was less than ________ of what it was in 1910.

half

People who date longer before marriage tend to:

have a rewarding marriage.

In the types of marriage identified by the ENRICH instrument, traditional couples are those who:

have strong relationships with family and friends.

Same-sex couples:

have to work through the same problems as heterosexual couples.

In a national survey of the values of 14- to 29-year-olds, which of the following received high ratings of "top importance"?

having a lifelong partner and getting married

In the case of divorce, which of the following is true about single-parent families?

he child lives primarily with one parent.

Margret, a 30-year-old Hispanic woman, is in love with Bo Chang, a 40-year-old Chinese man. They marry despite their cultural and ethnic differences. This is most likely an example of ________.

heterogamy

Which of the following factors has most likely affected the "black marriage crisis," the continuing decline in the rate and quality of black marriages?

high unemployment rates of black males

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors for the strengths of black single parents?

higher incomes than white single parents

Marriage between people who are similar in social and demographic characteristics is known as:

homogamy.

The irrational fear of homosexuality is called:

homophobia.

Dona is a struggling model and is from a low economic background. However, Simon, a business tycoon, wants to marry her for her physical attractiveness and kindness. They marry each other in a lavish wedding ceremony. This is most likely an example of ________.

hypergamy

Johnny and Becky share passion but neither intimacy nor decision/commitment. Their relationship is best described as:

infatuation.

Aggressiveness, competitiveness, self-confidence, and goal achievement are:

instrumental traits.

Which of the following involves love, affection, caring, and deep attachment to a friend, lover, spouse, or relative?

intimacy

Identify a mechanism that is an integral part of the process of building an intimate relationship.

intimacy as an exchange relationship interdependence and commitment You Answered self-disclosure Correct Answer All of these answers are correct.

According to the text's discussion, cohabitation:

is often a testing ground for marriage.

Glenn (1987, 1992) analyzed national polls taken between 1969 and 1986 and found a number of ways in which Americans were moving away from the traditional ideal, including having:

less emphasis on marital permanence as an ideal.

Compared to those who do not cohabit, cohabitors tend to be:

less religious.

After one year of marriage, most couples report feeling

less satisfied with the amount of interaction between them.

James and Brooke share intimacy without either passion or decision/commitment. Their relationship is best described as:

liking.

Today, the birth rate is ________ what is necessary for the natural replacement of the population.

lower than

In the context of the types of lovers, the ________ lover combines something of eros and ludus.

manic

With regard to influence in the communication process, ________ refers to such things as dropping hints, flattering someone, and behaving seductively.

manipulation

Which of the following is a liability for marital satisfaction?

marrying at a young age

Analyses of personal ads that are featured in newspapers show that:

men tend to seek attractive women and offer financial security.

According to the text's discussion of traditional roles, ________.

most women who work still retain major responsibility for doing the housework traditionally, the woman was the homemaker and the man was the breadwinner despite the traditional role, the majority of women now work Correct! all of these answers are correct

Most single-parent families are headed by:

mother

Emotional overload tends to occur when a single parent:

neglects his or her personal needs.

As long ago as the 1970s, Alice Eagly carefully reviewed the literature and concluded that:

none of these answers are correct.

Identify a similarity between groups of people who form a "social class."

occupational prestige education levels of income All of these answers are correct.

The family into which people are born is known as their family of:

orgin

Which of the following terms is defined as a preoccupation and intense longing for union with a particular other?

passionate love

Suppose that we trace a person's lineage through his or her father, grandfather, etc. This reflects a ________ pattern of descent tracing.

patrilineal

Peretti and Abplanalp (2004) conducted a study of college students who were dating and asked them to name the kinds of things that comprised the "chemistry" in their relationships. One of the most frequent things named was ________.

physical attractiveness

In a study of college women, which form of marriage was rejected by eighty-five percent of women?

polygamous

In the context of the types of lovers, the ________ lover is a combination to some extent of ludus and storge and tries to find a partner who has a particular set of characteristics that he or she desires in another.

pragmatic

Which of the following normally specifies such matters as how assets will be distributed in the event of divorce or death, how debts will be paid, and what kind of insurance coverage to have?

prenuptial agreement

Which of the following is NOT necessary for long-term adjustment in marriage?

private contracts

The tendency for persons to marry people located physically near them (same neighborhood, school, workplace, or city) is called:

propinquity.

According to Hildebrandt and Kelber (2005), single, employed mothers, who are likely to have less time for personal care and leisure activities than either the nonemployed single mother or the mother in a two-parent home,

report particularly high levels of distress

Over the past few decades, the rate of interracial and interethnic marriage has

risen considerably.

Sam assumed that when he and Sarah had children, she would sacrifice her career to care for them, while she assumed that she would continue her career. They had a clash over:

role expectations.

Which of the following is NOT a function of dating?

role playing

Which of the following attachment styles is the most common?

secure

Symbolic interactionists define ________ as the totality of the beliefs and attitudes people have about themselves.

self-concept

An honest revealing of oneself to another person is referred to as ________.

self-disclosure

For Americans, commitment in marriage seems to mean three things. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

sexual compatibility

Ira Reiss (Reiss and Lee 1988) characterized the development of love in terms of four separate but interrelated processes. Which of the following is NOT one of these four processes?

sexuality

You are more likely to have high marital satisfaction if you:

share in such things as decisions and household chores. practice forgiveness in the marriage. Correct! both of the above.

Overall, ________ households have higher rates of poverty than any other group.

single mother

means people have less interpersonal interaction than they desire.

social lonieness

The institution of marriage is governed by:

social norms.

Single parents are likely to face three kinds of overload. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

spiritual

A survey of high-school students found that the majority expected their:

spouse to fulfill nearly all their needs for security, support, and companionship.

John boasts to his friends that he makes enough money so that his wife need not work. This exemplifies which aspect of the male role?

success

As applied to intimate relationships, ________ asserts that the intimate group must be analyzed as a whole; the group has boundaries that distinguish it from other groups.

systems theory

In the context of the Asian American family, ________ emphasizes that the children of Chinese immigrants are struggling with how to establish their own identity while remaining a part of their family, a struggle that is more painful because of the contradiction between U.S. and traditional Chinese values.

systems theory

________ overload arises from the fact that one parent must do the work of two parents.

task overload

Which of the following is identified as an element of constraint in the commitment of marriage?

the fear of the social, financial, and emotional costs of the union breaking up

Among the Copper Inuit Eskimos, ________.

the gender roles that the Inuit youth learn make the transition to adulthood somewhat easier for females

The marriage rate is:

the proportion of unmarried women aged 15 and over who get married in one year.

Margaret Mead concluded from her studies in New Guinea that male and female gender roles are:

the result of cultural influences.

According to the text's discussion of commitment, ________.

there is a reciprocal relationship between commitment and the satisfaction and stability of the union

Research on gender commonalities and differences suggests that:

there is very little difference in the way that men and women provide support. women express their feelings verbally more than men do. women and men show only a few differences in sexual attitudes and behavior. Correct! all of these answers are correct.

Which of the following is NOT one of the types of couples in the ENRICH typology of marriages?

total

There has been about one divorce for every ________ marriages in the United States in recent decades.

two

Which of the following is NOT a component in the triangular theory of love?

understanding

Which of the following best describes monogamy?

union with one person at a time

Which of the following is best described as things that are preferred because people define them as worthy and desirable?

values

In a classic study of ways for responding to deterioration, Rusbult (1987) identified four kinds of responses; ________ refers to a response of facing up to, and trying to talk through, the problems in relationships.

voice

In terms of the importance of equity in relationships, analysis of a national survey showed that:

working-class wives may not have the same notions as middle-class wives as to what constitutes fairness in a marriage. working-class wives reported less marital conflict when they did most of the traditionally female tasks. middle-class wives who perceived inequity in the division of household tasks reported higher levels of marital conflict. Correct Answer all of these answers are correct.

In terms of the importance of equity in relationships, analysis of a national survey showed that:

working-class wives may not have the same notions as middle-class wives as to what constitutes fairness in a marriage. working-class wives reported less marital conflict when they did most of the traditionally female tasks. middle-class wives who perceived inequity in the division of household tasks reported higher levels of marital conflict. Correct! all of these answers are correct.

Compared with married couples, cohabitors tend to be:

younger. more likely to be unemployed. less educated. Correct! all of these answers are correct.

________ is the marriage of a man to two or more wives.

Polygyny

In 2014, the Census Bureau reported more than ________ Americans aged 18 and older who were unmarried.

105 million

By 2014, the average household contained ________ people.

2.54

In 2015, ________ million Americans lived alone.

34.9

A recent national survey reported that ________ percent of all high-school teenagers have sexual intercourse at least once.

47

What percentage of unmarried men surveyed believed that they risked losing their personal freedom if they married?

62

A Pew Research Center (2006b) survey reported that family continues to be the greatest source of satisfaction in people's lives. About ________ of the respondents said that they speak on an average day with a family member who doesn't live in their house.

73 percent

By 2015, more than ________ unmarried couples were living together.

8.3 million

Identify a true statement about the Hispanic family.

A higher proportion of Hispanics than any other group believe that children are very important for a successful marriage. Hispanics are less likely than either African Americans or whites to be divorced. Hispanics are less geographically mobile than are non-Hispanic whites. all are correct

According to the U.S. Census Bureau 1988 and Hamilton et al. 2015, who among the following has the lowest rate of nonmarital births?

Asian mothers

________ is a broad concept that refers to marriage between two people who are similar on one or more characteristics

Assortative mating

Identify a true statement about consequences of jealousy based on attachment styles.

Avoidant lovers tend to express anger against and blame the person they feel has intruded into the relationship

Which of the following statements is true of the comparison between married couples and cohabitors?

Children born to cohabiting parents are five times more likely than those born to married parents to experience parental separation.

Identify a true statement about cohabitors

Cohabitors tend to have grown up in a single-parent home

________ love has intimacy and commitment but not passion.

Companionate

Identify one of the findings of the study of older dating couples.

Dating enhances the status, or prestige, of females.

________ refers to the behavior associated with being either male or female.

Gender role

________ refers to the conception of yourself as having some combination of masculine and feminine traits.

Gender-role orientation

Which of the following is proposed by Cherlin as one of the possibilities regarding the future of marriage?

Marriage will become merely one of many alternative ways of experiencing an intimate relationship. Marriage will revert to what it was in the past. Marriage will remain important to people but will not be as dominant as it was in the past. Correct! All of these answers are correct.

According to the National Marriage Project 2004, identify a true statement about sex life and marital satisfaction.

Married sex is more satisfying both emotionally and physically than is sex between the unmarried.

Which of the following statements is true regarding gender and love

Men tend to say "I love you" earlier in a relationship than do women. Women report being in love fewer times than do men. You Answered Women are less likely than men to believe in love at first sight. Correct Answer All of these answers are correct.

_______ is the kind of love that exists between friends.

Philia

________ is the marriage of a woman to two or more husbands.

Polyandry

Which of the following is true regarding older cohabitors?

Most have been previously married before.

Which of the following is true regarding education and seeking a marriage partner?

Most people are willing to marry someone with more education.

The group with the highest rate of intermarriage is:

Native Americans.

Which of the following is an advantage of meeting someone on the Internet and then pursuing the relationship further?

People are able to avoid the dangers associated with face to face meetings. Correct Answer People get to know something about each other before being distracted by physical appearance. Geographic distances between people become unimportant. You Answered All of these answers are correct.

In the context of the variability of family life, identify a true statement about the variability among societies.

People everywhere need intimate relations and form family units to fulfill some of their intimacy needs.

_____ means people have less interpersonal interaction than they desire.

Social loneliness

________ lovers have a kind of quiet affection for the other.

Storgic

By the mid-1970s, ________ had the highest divorce rate in the Western world.

THe united states