final
An enzyme that removes a phosphate group from a protein is called a
phosphatase
What is the correct net result of 1 full cycle of the Na+ K+ pump?
3 Na+ pumped out of the cell, 2 K+ pumped into the cell, 1 ATP split
There are ______________________ transmembrane domains in the receptor of a G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR).
7
What causes a voltage-gated ion channel to open?
A change to the electrical charge in the adjacent membrane.
Coated vesicles
-Are covered with clathrin or a similar molecule -Are part of receptor mediated endocytosis -Can carry specific molecules, like cholesterol into the cell
Which of the following statements about ATP Synthase is TRUE
-The rotor ring of the ATP synthase turns as H+ ions trickle in from a high to low concentration -The central stalk of the ATP synthase causes friction that is used to make ATP -ATP synthase enzymes are found in mitochondria and in chloroplasts
Which of the following statements about tRNA is TRUE?
-an amino acid is covalently bonded to the 3' end of the tRNA -They are made by RNA Polymerase III in eukaryotes -they contain an intervening sequence that is removed after transcription -they have an anti-codon loop that binds to the complimentary sequence on the mRNA
Match the amino acid with the group that best describes the R group. i. Threonine is [ans1] ii. Methionine is [ans2] iii. Lysine is [ans3]
1. polar, uncharged 2. non polar 3. polar, charged (positive charge)
How many carbons in the acetyl group when attached to Coenzyme A?
2
What is the net yield of ATP from glycolysis?
2
How many carbons in one molecule of pyruvate?
3
During protein translation, where does a charged tRNA first bind in the ribosome?
A site
Which of the following statements about Intracellular Signaling Molecules is true?
A. They can function as molecular on/off switches B. They can relay and integrate signals C. They can amplify and distribute signals
What is the most common subunit found in biological cell membranes?
phospholipids
When actin subunits assemble into fibers they have [a1] bound to them.
ATP
Which of the following statements about ATP Synthase is FALSE?
ATP synthase splits a water molecule as it forms a bond between ADP and Pi
The pH inside of a lysozyme is very
Acidic [lots of H+]
Where these processes occur? i. glycolysis [a1] ii. pyruvate oxidation [a2] iii. Citric acid cycle [a3]
Answer = cytoplasm Answer = mitochondria matrix Answer = mitochondria matrix
Where is the cell cortex?
Attached to the cytoplasmic side (intracellular) of the plasma membrane in animals
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true? a) Most enzymes are proteins (some are RNA) b) Enzymes are irreversibly changed after a reaction and cannot be used again c) Enzymes are catalysts d) Enzymes bind their substrate using at the active site e) Some enzymes are regulated using a regulatory molecule and an allosteric site
B
Why are RTKs called enzyme coupled receptors?
Because they have kinase ability when activated
Why are enzymes called catalysts of biochemical reactions?
Because they reduce the activation energy of a reaction
According to the Induced Fit Model for Enzyme Activity a) The binding site for the substrate is located at the amino terminal end of the protein b) Substrate molecules t into the enzyme binding site perfectly without any shape changes to either component c) Substrate binding to the enzyme active site causes a shape change allowing the enzyme to interact better d) After the products are released from the enzyme, it is immediately degraded and never used again. e) Enzyme binding sites are very general and can bind all types of substrates. They adapt their shape when they bind the different molecules.
C
Which of the following is the correct formula for cellular respiration?
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 +6H2 0
Secreted or membrane-bound proteins move in vesicles from the ER to the [a1] side of the Golgi Apparatus. They leave the Golgi from the [a2] towards their final destination in or on the cell.
CGN/TGN
The ______________________ type of cell communication is the most 'long distance' of the pathways, where signal molecules may travel throughout the organism's body to find their destination.
Endocrine
FADH2 enters the electron transport chain of the mitochondria at the same location and protein complex as NADH, and produces the same energy yield.
False
The binding site for a ligand or substrate is formed from adjacent (side by side) amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
False
When microtubule subunits assemble into fibers they have [a2] bound to them
GTP
A molecule that moves by simple diffusion will travel from an area of [c1] concentraon to an area of [c2] concentraon.
High/ Low
An enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a protein is called a
Kinase
What stage(s) of photosynthesis requires sunlight?
Light dependent reactions only
A typical plant or animal cells is 5-10 micrometers (10 meters) in length. What is the best type of microscope to view one of these so you see the whole cell?
Light microscope
Look at the codon chart [Figure 18-10] and translate this mRNA: 5'-AUGCAGUCAUACGGAUGA3'
MET-GLN-SER-TYR-GLY-STOP
According to the endosymbiotic theory which organelle was acquired FIRST?
Mitochondria
Which of the following type of molecule will NOT interact with water? In other words, what is hydrophobic?
Nonpolar/ uncharged
Which of the following molecules can easily pass through a membrane by itself?
O2
The conversion of glucose to lactate
Occurs in the cytoplasm of muscle cells
In eukaryotes, where is the electron transport chain for cellular respiration located?
On the inner membrane of the mitochondria
highest concentraon of i. Na+ ions [ansi] ii. K+ ions [ansiii] iii. Ca++ ions [ansii]
Outside of the cell Inside of the cell Outside of the cell
The name of the amino acids in order as they appear in a polypeptide is the
Primary structure
Which of the following statements about ribosomes is FALSE?
Ribosomes in prokaryotes are identical to ribosomes in eukaryotes
Which of the following is an amino acid that is usually phosphorylated as part of cell signaling and protein activation/inactivation?
Serine Threonine Tyrosine
In addition to sugars, Acetyl-CoA can be made from fay acids and amino acids
True
The inner side of the plasma membrane is relatively negatively charged compared to the outer side of the plasma membrane.
True
What is Ras?
a monomeric GTP binding protein
When GTP is bound, the protein is
activated
Which of the following organisms will have a plasma membrane in their cells?
all prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What is cyclic AMP [cAMP]?
an important second messenger in cell signaling
Why are amino acids called "amino"?
because of the NH2 group on the alpha carbon
cellular respiration
catabolic
The secretion of cellular molecules that occurs all the time and does not require a specific stimulus is called ___________.
constitutive exocytosis
Responsible for movement in cilia and flagella
dynein
Transports cargo toward the minus (-) end of microtubules
dynein
Which of these is an example of a fibrous protein?
fibroin
Animals store glucose for rapid energy in the form of [a1], plants store glucose as a food supply in the form of [a2].
glycogen/ starch
Which of these is an example of a globular protein?
hemoglobin
Glycoproteins are critical components of the plasma membrane. Where does Glycosylation of a membrane protein begin?
in the ER
When GDP is bound, the protein is
inactivated of not active
How does cholesterol enter a cell?
it is part of LDL brought inside of coated vesicles
Transports cargo toward the plus (+) end of microbules
kinesin
There are ______ H inside of the mitochondrial matrix compared to the mitochondrial intermembrane space
less
Transports cargo toward the plus (+) end of microfilaments
myosin 1
What molecule is the final acceptor of high energy electrons that are harvested from the metabolism of glucose in cells?
oxygen
Multiple subunits come together to make the nal protein
quaternary structure
Release of Insulin from secretory vesicles when blood sugar is high is an example of ______________
regulated exocytosis
Are there B-sheets formed by the polypeptide?
secondary structure
A single polypeptide folds up into its unique shape
tertiary structure
Which end of a microtubule is anchored in a Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC)?
the minus end -
You find 16S rRNA in......
the small ribosomal subunit in bacteria
Which of the following statements about tRNA is FALSE?
they are transcribed in the nucleolus in eukaryotes
Many enzymes participate in cellular respiration. What is their main function in cellular reactions?
to decrease the activation energy of a reaction
What amino acid side chain is phosphorylated on a RTK when it is activated?
tyrosine
The GLUT 1 Transporter is an example of a
uniport
