final ab child Psych

The evidence points to a heritability of intelligence of approximately ____.

50%

The process of attachment typically begins between _______ of age.

6-12 months.

One of the first known published accounts of hyperactivity in children, published in 1845, referred to ____.

A child named "Fidgety Phil".

Mal de ojo is an example of ____.

A cultural syndrome.

During the eugenics movement, persons with intellectual disability were considered _____.

A threat to society.

Which statement about ASD is true?

ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Children who have been diagnosed with _____ have deficits in recognizing facial expressions.

ASD.

What is an underlying assumption with regard to abnormal child behavior?

Abnormal development involves continuities and discontinuities.

A child diagnosed with a learning disorder would typically score _____.

Better on IQ tests than on tests of academic achievement.

Which statement regarding gender differences in rates of communication disorders is true?

Boys are more likely to be diagnoses with communication disorders due to acting out.

Which statement reflects the differences in mental health problems between boys and girls?

Boys externalizing problems are kore prevalent than gurls in the preschool years.

Decoding can be described as ____.

Breaking a word into parts rapidly enough to read the whole word.

Which condition is equally common among males and females?

Childhood depression.

Recently. the symptoms that have been ephasized as the central impairments of ADHD are ____.

Difficulty inhibiting behavior and poor self-regulation.

A significant number of children today ___.

Do not grow out of their childhood difficulties by adulthood.

Freud was the first to link mental disorders to _____.

Early childhood experiences.

A child with a writing disorder has the most difficulty with ______.

Gross motor skills.

Children with impairment in written expression often have problems with tasks that require ______.

Hand-eye coordination.

Children with ASD ____.

Have reduced sharing of emotions.

The work of Jean-Marc Itard (1775-1838) was notable in that _____.

His orientation toward children was one of care and helping, in contrast to the times.

Which of the following statements about ADHD is false?

Hyperactivity and inattention together are essential features of ADHD.

In research terms, research questions about behavior that follow from a theory are called _____.

Hypothesis.

A risk factor is a variable that ________.

Increases the likelihood that a negative outcome will occur.

In comparison to children with ASD, children with childhood-onset schizophrenia _____.

Show less intellectual impairment.

The higher incidence of ADHD in boys versus girls is most likely due to ____.

Societal expectations and acceptance.

One exemplary intensive intervention for ADHD, developed by Dr. Willam Pelham, is Known as the ____.

Summer treatment program.

Because there is no one correct approach to research, most problems in abnormal psychology are best studied by ____.

Using multiple methods and strategies.

Multifinality refers to the observation that

Various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings.

____ in some children with ASD distinguishes them from those with intellectual disability or language disorders.

Abnormally large head circumference.

Schizophrenia is extremely rare prior to _____.

Adolescence.

The ____ gland produces epinephrine in response to stress.

Adrenal.

Children from which racial/ethnic group are teachers most likely to rate as ADHD?

African American.

Childrens problems must be considered in the context of their _____.

All of these.

To see if a child has phonological awareness, a teacher might _____.

Ask the child to rhyme words.

Jeremy cannot remember a phone number without jotting it down. He demonstrates a deficit in ____.

Attentional capacity.

Children who are at an increased risk for problems inacademic achievement are those who exhibit ____.

Behavior impulsovity and cognitive impulsivity.

One of the major limitations of observational research methods is that _____.

Behavior may be altered as a function of participants awarness of being observed.

Down syndrome occurs more often with older mothers than younger mother because ______.

Chromosomal nondisjunction increases with maternal age.

The overlapping of co-occurrence of disorders is called ______.

Comorbidity.

An advantage of behavior checklists over interviews is that checklists allow a clinician to ____ while interviews typically do not.

Compare results to a reference sample.

Which medication would best be used for a child suffering from ADHD?

Concerta.

The most common co-morbid disorders in children with shizophrenia are _____.

Conduct disorder and depression.

Girls with ADHD are more likely than girls without ADHD to have _____.

Conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders.

Adults with mild intellectual development disorder need support with all of the following EXCEPT:

Considerable support needed from co-workers/supervisors in employment.

______ validity refers to whether scores on a measure behave as predicted by theory or past research.

Construct.

Evaluating the mental health of children can be particularly difficult due to the _____.

Cultural variations of what constitutes abnormal behavior.

Analyzing information and drawing conclusions about the nature or cause of a problem refers to ________.

Diagnosis.

_____ models portray the childs environment as a series of nested and interconnected structures.

Ecological.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) mandates _____.

Education in the least restrictive environment possible.

How did Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard believe he could tame the "wild boy of Aveyron"?

Environmental Stimulation.

Skepticism exists regarding research in abnormal child psychology because...

Experts on childhood disorders frequently disagree.

Children with Down syndrome display considerable delay in ______.

Expressive language development.

_______ is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability.

Fagile-X syndrome.

Research investigating the effectiveness of residential care for children with intellectual disability indicates that _______.

Family involvement is crucial to childrens adaptation to and benefit from residential care.

_______ theorists argue that a childs behavior can only be understood in terms of relationships with others.

Family systems.

Molecular geneticists focus on finding a specific gene for childhood disorder, while behavioral geneticists ____.

Focus on brain developement between 3 and 5 years.

Studies of brain metabolism in individuals with ASD suggest decreased bloos flow in these two lobes.

Frontal and temporal.

The ________ lobes contain the functions underlying much of our thinking and reasoning abilities.

Frontal.

Which statement about our genetic makeup is False?

Genes Determine Behavior.

_____ factors are implicated in mild forms of intellectual disability.

Genetic and environmental.

Current views regarding the causes of schizophrenia emphasize _____.

Genetic vulnerability and early neurodevelopmental insults.

The cause of most learning disorders is _____.

Genetically based neurological problems.

Many children with ASD also have ___.

Intellectual disability and epilepsy.

The brain damage theory of ADHD, which arose in the 1940s and 1950s, was discarded because _____.

It could explain only a very small number of cases of ADHD.

Intellectual disblability is more prevalent among ______.

Lower SES.

An integrative approach to the psychopathology of a child means that ______

Many theories and concepts can be used to explain behavior.

The rising IQ scores is due to ____.

Medical advances.

The _____ category of intellectual disability to overrepresented in minority groups.

Mild.

If a study of the effect of a divorce found a more negative impact for girls than for boys, sex will be a ______.

Moderating variable.

Examples of conceptual adaptive behavuor skills are ____.

Money concepts.

Research into casual factors provides strong evidence for ADHD as a disorder with ______ determinants.

Neurobiological.

A measurement method that is highly structures with no opportunity for probes or clarification would be which of the following?

Observation.

Gathering information about a childs behavior for analysis involves _____.

Observing the child in real life settings.

Diagnostics Criteria for ADHD includes which symptom of inattention?

Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities.

Qualitative data are typically collected by _____.

Open-ended interviewing and observations.

Childrens development occurs in a(n) ____ manner.

Organized and hierarchical.

The basic sounds that make up a language are called _______.

Phonemes.

Etiology refers to the ______ of childhood disorders.

Possible root causes.

With respect to attachment, most children with ASD ______.

Prefer their caregivers over unfamiliar adults.

Dyslexia refers to ___.

Problems decoding and recognizing simple words.

Factors such as SES, childs age, and cultural background affect the _______ of symptoms and disorders.

Rate and Expression.

Individual differences in emotion ______ account for differing responses to a stressful environment.

Reactivity.

Boundaries between abnormal versus normal functioning are _________.

Relatively arbitrary.

Emily's mother was asked to complete a behavior checklist on two separate occasions several weeks apart. The results yielded from both occasions were very similar. The behavior checklist can be said to be:

Reliable.

Which of the follwoing is NOT considered by consensus to be an effective intervention for children with ASD?

Removing children from their homes and placing them in more structured settings.

Recall bias and distortion are potential limitations of _________ studies.

Retrospective.

The windows of time during which environmental influences on development are enhanced are called _______.

Sensitive periods.

The nuerotransmitter implicated in regulatory problems, such as eating and sleep disorders, is _____.

Serotonin.

The formal assignments of a clinical case to a DSM-5 classification category is referred to as a(n) ____.

Taxonomic Diagnosis.

____ is one of the best predictors of school performance and overall inteligence.

The development of language.

Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with learning disorders because ____.

They are more likely to also have behavioral problems.

Which statement is true regarding LGBT youth?

They often experience verbal and physical abuse.

A child typically enters the mental health system _____.

Through teachers, counselors, or parents.

What is the purpose of an Individualized Educational Plan?

To tailor the childs school program to his/her needs.

Postnatal risk factors for intellectual disability include ____.

Traumatic brain injury.

An assessment tool that actually measures the construct it is intended to measure can be considered _______.

Valid.

The Weschler Intelligence scale for children provides a measure of ______.

Verbal comprehension and working memory.

A child with a mathematics disorder would most likely have difficulty with _____.

Visual-spatial ability.

Leo Kanner used the term early infantile autism, which literally means ____.

Within oneself.

At the end of the nineteenth century, children with intellectual disabilities were regarded as ___.

imbeciles.