FINAL Ch. 10

You want to develop a three-sigma "R" chart. You know the average range is 12 based on several samples of size 6. Which of the following is the resulting LCL?

0.0 R-bar = 12, n = 6, D3 = 0. LCL = D3 x R-bar = 0 x 12 = 0.0

Which of the following are eligible companies to be considered for the Baldrige award?

Auditing firms

Failure mode and effect analysis is used in six-sigma projects. It involves which of the following?

Calculating a risk priority number for each possible failure

Which of the following is the cost of quality classification for costs such as defects that pass through the system, such as customer warranty replacements, loss of customer or goodwill, handling complaints, and product repair?

External failure costs

Which of the following is a dimension of design quality?

Features or Aesthetics

A Pareto chart as part of a six-sigma quality improvement process might be found in which DMAIC category?

Measure

Which of the following is an analytical tool used in six-sigma quality improvement programs?

Pareto charts

Which of the following are not eligible to be considered for the Baldrige Award?

State highway patrol organizations

You want to determine the lower control line for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. You take several samples of a size of 50 items in your production process. From the samples you determine the fraction defective is 0.006 and the standard deviation is 0.001. If the desired confidence level is 99.7 percent, which of the following is the resulting LCL value for the line?

0.003 Where p-bar is the fraction defective, Sp is the standard deviation, n is the sample size, and z is the number of standard deviations for a specific level of confidence. Typically, z = 3 (99.7 percent confidence) or z = 2.58 (99 percent confidence) is used. In this problem, p-bar is 0.006 and Sp = 0.001 thus, 0.006 - (3 x 0.001) = 0.003

You want to determine the control lines for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. If the total number of defects from all samples is 560, the number of samples is 70, and the sample size is 80, which of the following would be the standard deviation used in developing the control lines?

0.0335 From equation 10.4, the fraction defective = Total number of defects from all samples / (Number of samples x Sample size) = 560 / (70 x 80) = 0.1. The standard deviation, then, is calculated from equation 10.5 to equal the square root of the result of the fraction defective times one minus the fraction defective divided by the sample size = square root ((0.1 x 0.9)/80) or 0.0335

You want to determine the control lines for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. If the total number of defects from all samples is 2,500, the number of samples is 100, and the sample size is 50, which of the following would be the standard deviation used in developing the control lines?

0.0707 From equation 10.4, the fraction defective = Total number of defects from all samples / (Number of samples x Sample size) = 2,500 / (100 x 50) = 0.5. The standard deviation, then, is calculated from equation 10.5 to equal the square root of the result of the fraction defective times one minus the fraction defective divided by the sample size = square root ((0.5 x 0.5)/50)or 0.0707

You want to determine the upper control line for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. You take several samples of a size of 100 items in your production process. From the samples you determine the fraction defective is 0.05 and the standard deviation is 0.01. If the desired confidence level is 99.7 percent, which of the following is the resulting UCL value for the line?

0.08 Where p bar is the fraction defective, Sp is the standard deviation, n is the sample size, and z is the number of standard deviations for a specific confidence. Typically, z = 3 (99.7 percent confidence) or z = 2.58 (99 percent confidence) is used. In this problem, p bar is 0.05 and Sp = 0.01 thus, 0.05 + (3 x 0.01) = 0.08

If you are going to develop an "R" chart based on range statistics and you are using a sample size of 9 for your charting purposes, which of the following is the lower control limit D3 factor for the chart?

0.18

If you are going to develop an "X-bar" chart based on range statistics and you are using a sample size of 12 for your charting purposes, which of the following is the A2 factor for the "X-bar" chart?

0.27

If there are 120 total defects from 10 samples, each sample consisting of 10 individual items in a production process, which of the following is the fraction defective that can be used in a "p" chart for quality control purposes?

1.2 The fraction defective = Total number of defects from all samples / Number of samples x Sample size = 120 / 100 = 1.2

If you are going to develop an "R" chart based on range statistics and you are using a sample size of 15 for your charting purposes, which of the following is the upper control limit D4 factor for the chart?

1.65

If there are 400 total defects from 8 samples, each sample consisting of 20 individual items in a production process, which of the following is the fraction defective that can be used in a "p" chart for quality control purposes?

2.5 The fraction defective = Total number of defects from all samples / Number of samples x Sample size = 400 / (20 x 8) = 2.5

You want to determine the control lines for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. If the desired confidence level is 99 percent, which of the following values for "z" would you use in computing the UCL and LCL?

2.58 Typically, z = 3 (99.7 percent confidence) or z = 2.58 (99 percent confidence) is used

You are developing an "X-bar" chart based on sample means. You know the standard deviation of the sample means is 4, the desired confidence level is 99.7 percent, and the average of the sample means is 24. Which of the following is your UCL?

36 X-bar = 24, standard deviation = 4 and z = 3, UCL = 24 + (3 x 4) = 36

You want to develop a three-sigma "R" chart. You know the average range is 5 based on several samples of size 10. Which of the following is the resulting UCL?

8.9 R-bar = 5, n = 10, D4 = 1.78. UCL = D4 x R-bar = 1.78 x 5 = 8.9

You are developing an "X-bar" chart based on sample means. You know the standard deviation of the sample means is 4, the desired confidence level is 99 percent, and the average of the sample means is 20. Which of the following is your LCL?

9.68 X-bar = 20, standard deviation = 4 and z = 2.58, LCL = 20 - (2.58 x 4) = 9.68

Quality control charts usually have a central line and upper and lower control limit lines. Which of the following is not a reason that the process being monitored with the chart should be investigated?

A change in raw materials or operators

Quality control charts usually have a central line and upper and lower control limit lines. Which of the following are reasons that the process being monitored with the chart should be investigated?

A single plot falls above or below the control limits

The dimension of design quality that concerns the sensory characteristics of the product is which of the following?

Aesthetics

A fishbone diagram as part of a six-sigma quality improvement process might be found in which DMAIC category?

Analyze

Which of the following is the cost of quality classification for costs such as inspection, testing, and other tasks to ensure that the product or process is acceptable?

Appraisal costs

An analytical tool used in six-sigma quality improvement programs is which of the following?

Checksheets

Applicants for the Baldrige Award for total quality management must submit an application of up to 50 pages that details the processes and results of their activities under seven major categories. Which of the following is one of those categories?

Customer and Market Focus

The philosophical leaders of the quality movement, Philip Crosby, W. Edwards Deming, and Joseph M. Juran, had the same general message about what it took to achieve outstanding quality. Which of the following was part of that message?

Customer focus

For which of the following should we use a "p" chart to monitor process quality?

Defective electrical switches or Grades in a freshman "pass/fail" course

A flow chart as part of a six-sigma quality improvement process might be found in which DMAIC category?

Define

The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award is given to organizations that have done which of the following?

Demonstrated outstanding quality in their products and processes

Design of experiments is a statistical methodology often used in six-sigma projects. It aims to accomplish which of the following?

Determine the cause and effect relationships between process variables and output

In monitoring process quality we might use which of the following statistics?

Difference between the highest and lowest value in a sample

Looking outside the organization to examine what industry competitors and excellent performers outside of your industry are doing in a particular process is called:

External benchmarking

Which of the following are basic assumptions that justify an analysis of the costs of quality?

Failures are caused

The dimension of design quality that concerns secondary characteristics is which of the following?

Features

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has written standards that apply to Quality Management and Assurance for businesses. Which of the following are not among the standards ISO has developed?

ISO 17000 composition of boards of directors

An opportunity flow diagram as part of a six-sigma quality improvement process might be found in which DMAIC category?

Improve

Which of the following is the cost of quality classification for costs such as scrap, rework, or repair?

Internal failure costs

Which of the following is not an analytical tool used in six-sigma quality improvement programs?

Pass charts or decision diagrams

A cost of quality classification is which of the following?

Prevention costs

The Malcolm Baldrige award selection process helps improve quality and productivity by which of the following means?

Providing feedback to applicants by the examiners

The philosophical leaders of the quality movement, Philip Crosby, W. Edwards Deming, and Joseph M. Juran, had the same general message about what it took to achieve outstanding quality. Which of the following was not part of that message?

Quality is free

The dimension of design quality that concerns the consistency of performance over time or the probability of failing is which of the following?

Reliability

You have just used the capability index (Cpk) formulas to compute the two values "min [1, 1]." Which of the following is the proper interpretation of these numbers?

The mean has not shifted at all

You have just used the capability index (Cpk) formulas to compute the two values "min [2, 2.5]." Which of the following is the proper interpretation of these numbers?

The mean of the production process has shifted to the left of the design limits

You have just used the capability index (Cpk) formulas to compute the two values "min [1.5, 1]." Which of the following is the interpretation of these numbers?

The mean of the production process has shifted to the right of the design limits

The capability index is:

The ratio of the range of values allowed by the design specifications divided by the range of values produced by the process.

With which of the following should we use an "X-bar" chart based on sample means to monitor process quality?

Tire pressures in an auto assembly plant

Which of the following should we use an "R" chart to monitor process quality?

Tire pressures in an auto assembly plant or Student grades measured from 1 to 100

The primary purpose of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award is which of the following?

To help companies review and structure their quality programs.

Which of the following is not a category reported in applying for the Baldrige Award?

Use of statistical quality control tools