Final Ch 9 and 10
During which stage of mitosis do replicated chromosomes condense and both the nuclear membrane and the nucleolus disappear?
prophase
The proper sequence -- from beginning to end -- for the stages of mitosis is:
prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase
A protein encoded by a tumor-suppressor gene normally acts to _____.
restrict cell division
Replicated copies of each chromosome are called _____; they are joined together at the _____.
sister chromatids, centromere
The pairing of homologous chromosomes all along their lengths is mediated by proteins called cohesins. What is THIS PARTICULAR phenomenon called?
synapsis
Another term for fertilization
syngamy
During which stage of mitosis does the spindle disassemble, the nuclear membrane reform, and chromosomes uncoil?
telophase
A cell with a diploid number of 24 undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell?
12
The random orientation (position) of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I is called...
Independent assortment
Reproductive cells that unite to form an offspring
gamates
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces _____.
gametes
In humans, gametes are ____, whereas, somatic cells are _____.
haploid, diploid
DNA within the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells is wrapped around positively charged proteins called _____.
histones
If the organisms's diploid number is 64, its haploid number is ______.
32
Meiosis results in _____.
4 haploid daughter cells
The diploid number of chromosomes in humans is normally _____.
46
About how many times will a normal human cell divide in culture? This is called the Hayflick limit.
50
What actually causes cancer in cells?
Damage to genes controlling cell division, such as tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes
During which stage of meiosis do synapsis and crossing over occur?
Prophase I
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
S
What is the network of protein cables that will shorten and pull the chromatids to opposite ends of the cell?
Spindle
Which phase of the cell cycle is NOT correctly matched to its description?
Spindle formation- S
In humans, where are germline cells found?
The ovaries and testes
Looking through the microscope, you see sister chromatids moving to opposite sides of the cell. Therefore, you conclude that the cell is in _____.
anaphase
Prokaryotic cells divide by a process known as _____.
binary fission
The swapping of genetic information during meiosis
crossing over
The process in which two gametes unite
fertilization
Which of the following distinguishes prophase 1 of meiosis from prophase of mitosis?
homologous chromosomes pair up
The G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as _____.
interphase
Series of life stages and events of a sexually reproducing organism
life cycle
A type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
meiosis
The process that serves to decrease the cell's chromosome number by half is ______.
meiosis
Looking through the microscope, you see chromosomes lined up at the equatorial plate in the middle, so you conclude the cells are in _____.
metaphase
In what type of cell would a cell plate form after telophase is complete?
plant