Final Exam

The patient Dr. Patel admitted to the unit has paranoid schizophrenia Her orders call for 150 mg of seroquel and 1-2 mg of this antianxiety medication to relax the patient. tHIS MEDICATION IS A. CLOZARIL B. THORAZINE C. ATIVAN D. RISPERDAL

C. ATIVAN

In the US, bipolar disorder affects women and men in a ratio of: a. 1:! b. 2:1 c. 3:1 d. 10:3

a. 1:!

Between 1930 and 1960, the number of dissociative identity disorder (DID) diagnoses in North America was_________ per decade a. 2 b. 5 c. 4 d. 3

a. 2

Shawn has a fraternal twin who was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Research suggests that the chances are_________ that Shawn will also suffer from bipolar disorder at some point in his life a. 2 in 10 b. 3 in 10 c. 1 in 10 d. 4 in 10

a. 2 in 10

Despite the high degree of success, the increase in mood associated with ECT may only be temporary, with__________- in___________- patients relapsing within 6 months a. 4; 10 b. 6; 10 c. 1; 10 d. 9;10

a. 4; 10

Therapy is likely to be most effective when a client's problem is a. clear cut b. schizophrenia c. the result of unconscious conflicts d. less focused

a. clear cut

Which brain structure is identified in the video as involved in memory? a. hippocampus b. amygdala c brain pathways d. cerebral cortex

a. hippocampus

The women's basketball team at the University of Tennessee improved in free-throw shooting after practicing a. mental imagery b. telegraphic speech c. overconfidence d. an algorithm

a. mental imagery

Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor a. prozac b. zanax c. clozaril d. thorazine

a. prozac

A therapist who helps patients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams, is drawing from a. psychoanalysis b. humanistic therapies c. client center therapy d. behavior therapy

a. psychoanalysis

Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as: a. reaction formation b. displacement c. regression d. projection

a. reaction formation

George's optimism leads him to both try new tasks, but also results from his successful accomplishments. This best illustrates a. reciprocal determinism b. unconditional positive regard c. the self reference phenomenon d. the spotlight effect

a. reciprocal determinism

Ken tends to worry a lot. He is particularly aware of potential threats. As a result, his willingness to try new things is limited, and he has few opportunities to see that his worries are unfounded. Bandura called this process a. reciprocal determinism b. unconditional positive regard c. the spotlight effect d. the self-reference phenomenon

a. reciprocal determinism

With_____, patients receive repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain, which can be used to stimulate activity in various areas of the brain. a. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) b. electrocardiogram c. eye movement desnsitization and reprocessing d. electroconvulsive therapy

a. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Which of the following is NOT part of the contemporary views of unconscious? a. repressed memories of anxiety provoking events b. Schemas that influence our perceptions and interpretations c. parallel processing that occurs without our conscious knowledge d. instantly activated emotions and implicit memories of learned skills

a. repressed memories of anxiety provoking events

The second phase of the general adaption syndrome is characterized by a. resistance b. exhaustion c. an alarm reaction d. low blood pressure

a. resistance

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, our most basic needs are physiological, including the need for food and water; just above these are_________________ needs a. safety b. self esteem c. belongingness d. self transcendence

a. safety

If shown an angry face in a frightening situation, how will most people judge the face? a. scared b. angry c. surprised d. nervous

a. scared

Which statement best summarizes the conclusion of the study? a. simple body movement can help control body weight b. exercise plays little role in weight control c. fidgeting combined with diet can control weight d. basic body metabolism is a crucial factor in weight gain

a. simple body movement can help control body weight

Nina was almost hit by a bus. However, she is okay and her parasympathetic system is responding accordingly. It is: a. slowing her heart rate and activating her digestion b. slowing her heart rate and inhibiting her digestion c. slowing her heart rate and increasing the secretion of stress hormones d. causing her to perspire

a. slowing her heart rate and activating her digestion

Zimbardo concludes that his study demonstrates the power of__________ to shape behavior a. the social environment b. social values c. personality traits d .psychological disorders

a. the social environment

Which of the following statements could be attributed to Philippe Pinel? a. "Mental illness is due to a lack of religious conviction" b. "Mental illness is a sickness of the mind." c. "Mental illness is caused by demon possession." d. "Mental illness is created by sinful behavior."

b. "Mental illness is a sickness of the mind."

About half of all adults experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, but only about________ men develop PTSD a. 1 in 15 b. 1 in 20 c. 1 in 5 d. 1 in 22

b. 1 in 20

One study looking at the brains of violent repeat offenders found that their brains had__________ frontal lobe tissue than a normal brain. This helps explain why these people exhibit deficits in cognitive functions such as planning, organization, and inhibition a. 11 percent more b. 11 percent less c. 25 percent more d. 25 percent less

b. 11 percent less

Jim recently received a large inheritance from a distant relative. Based on research, we can expect that: a. Jim will initially be happy, and will maintain his level of happiness as long as he has the money b. Jim will initially be happy, but will then adjust and need more to be happy c. Jim will be happiest if he spends this money on himself d. Jim will be happiest if he gives it away.

b. Jim will initially be happy, but will then adjust and need more to be happy

____ is a hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus a. Orexin b. Leptin c. Ghrelin

b. Leptin

____ describes a pyramid of human needs with basic physiological needs at the bottom a. drive-reduction theory b. Maslow's hierarchy of needs c. homeostasis d. arousal theory

b. Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Maggie just started her fourth year of medical school and is an avid cyclist. During her summer off of medical school she had a bike accident that produced a large contusion on her knee. If Maggie had the same accident during finals week what would you expect to happen? a. She would develop cancer in the damaged area b. She would heal more slowly than in the summer c. She would heal at the same rate as in the summer d. Her immune system would increase dramatically so she would heal more quickly

b. She would heal more slowly than in the summer

Ancel Keys conducted an experiment in which men were given half the food they had previously become accutomed to eating. Which of the following was nOT a result of the experiment? a. The men's weight reached a set point b. The men got used to it and continued as before c. The men became obsessed with food d. The men began to conserve energy

b. The men got used to it and continued as before

Who suggested that very similar physiological reactions are associated with a variety of different emotions? a. William James b. Walter Cannon c. Robert Zajonc d. Jerome Singer

b. Walter Cannon

Many physicians did not realized that the bleeding was an ineffective treatment for typhoid fever until researchers made effective use of a. stress inoculation training b. a control group c. psychopharmacology d. exposure therapies

b. a control group

Rashish is awoken in the middle of the night to the sound of breaking glass. His increased heart rate and respiration can best be explained as a. resistance b. a fight or flight response c. exhaustion d. stress

b. a fight or flight response

"We were arguing and the gun just went off!" This statement best illustrates our tendency to accept less responsibility for our bad deeds. This is called a. unconditional positive regard b. a self serving bias c. an internal locus of control d. reciprocal determinism

b. a self serving bias

People tend to use emotion-focused, rather than problem-focused, coping strategies when they: a. appraise a stressful event as a challenge rather than a threat b. believe they cannot change a stressful situation c. enter the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome d. deal with the stress of daily hassles, such as obnoxious cell phone talkers

b. believe they cannot change a stressful situation

In one study, monkeys first learn to classify pictures of cats and dogs. Then they are shown images that are "catlike" or "doglike". Which response suggests that monkey are able to form concepts? a. they jump up and down and screech as if angry. b. certain frontal lobe neurons fire in response to the images. c. they look away as if confused d. they do not recognize these new images

b. certain frontal lobe neurons fire in response to the images.

Over the course of almost a decade (1996 to 2005), the usage of antidepressants: a. increased by 100 percent b. doubled .c decreased by 10 percent d. tripled

b. doubled

What is the major source of energy in the body? a. insulin b. glucose c. ghrelin d. leptin

b. glucose

By motivating a person to satisfy physical needs, hunger, and thirst serve to a. raise the set point b. maintain homeostasis c. lower sex-hormone levels d. change incentives

b. maintain homeostasis

By motivating a person to satisfy physical needs, hunger, and thirst serve to: a. raise the set point b. maintain homeostasis c. lower-sex hormone levels d. change incentives

b. maintain homeostasis

According to one survey, of those who began drinking before the age of 14, nearly_________ became addicted to alcohol later in life a. two thirds b. one half c. one third d. one fourth

b. one half

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, creative, and________ intelligence a. musical b. practical c. spatial d. interpersonal

b. practical

The existence of savant syndrome seems to support a. Sterberg's distinction among three types of intelligence b. criticism of multiple intelligence theories c. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences d. Thorndike's view of social intelligence

c. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

One famous personality inventory is the a. extraversion introversion scale b. person situation inventory c. MMPI d. Rorschach

c. MMPI

A feeling of intense dread that can be accompanied by chest pain, chocking sensations, or other frightening sensations is called a. a specific phobia b. a compulsion c. a panic attack d. an obsessive fear

c. a panic attack

____________ is a hormone secreted by an empty stomach that sends "i'm hungry" signals to the brain a. insulin b. leptin c. ghrelin d. PYY

c. ghrelin

The biology effects of anxiety disorders can express themselves in two areas of the brain, one responsible for__________ and the other for__________ a. emotion; reasoning b. logic; reasoning c. impulse control; habitual behavior d. impulse control; emotion

c. impulse control; habitual behavior

A major obstacle to problem solving fixation, which is a(n) a. tendency to base our judgements on vivid memories b. tendency to wait for insight to occur c. inability to view a problem from a new perspective d. rule of thumb for judging the likelihood of an event in terms of our mental image of it.

c. inability to view a problem from a new perspective

____ is a hormone secreted by the pancreas to control blood glucose a. orexin b. leptin c. insulin d. PYY

c. insulin

Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning constitute: a. heuristics b. algorithms c. language d. syntax

c. language

Joseph has been experiencing financial problems associated with his recent divorce. He was able to save $300 from his tips, but since he could not pay off his bills, he decided to purchase a flat screen television to help him take his mind off his stress. This is an example of: a. adaptive problem-focused coping b. adaptive emotion focused coping c. maladaptive emotion focused coping d. maladaptive problem focused coping

c. maladaptive emotion focused coping

Due to the bystander effect, a particular bystander is less likely to give aid if a. the victim is similar to the bystander in appearance b. no one else is present c. other people are present d. the incident occurs in a deserted or rural area

c. other people are present

It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because a. clients transfer their problems onto their therapists, but the problem still exists b. clients never speak kindly about their therapists c. people often enter therapy in crisis, and these crises often pass without professional help d. clients have no need to believe or promote that the therapy was effective

c. people often enter therapy in crisis, and these crises often pass without professional help

Research has shown that people are at increased risk for cancer a year or so after experiencing depression, helplessness, or bereavement. In describing this link, researchers are quick to point out that a. accumulated stress causes cancer b. anger is the negative emotion most closely linked to cancer c. stress does not create cancer cells, but it weakens the body's natural defenses against them d. feeling optimistic about chances of survival ensures that a cancer patient will get well.

c. stress does not create cancer cells, but it weakens the body's natural defenses against them

This is a condition experienced in Latin American cultures, where an individual may experience severe anxiety, restlessness, and a fear of black magic a. depression b. bulimia nervosa c. susto d. taijin-kyofusho

c. susto

Mel and her doctor are trying to decide which medication Mel should use to reduce her psychotic symptoms. her doctor told her that the first generation dopamine blocking drugs can have side effects such as: a. hyperalertness b. obesity c. twitches and tremors d. hyperactivity

c. twitches and tremors

Jaydon does not realize that his alcohol abuse and family neglect is leading to the destruction of both is family and his career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jadon is showing sign of a: a. strong superego b. weak id c. weak ego d. strong ego

c. weak ego

Although Alex is frequently caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about his actions Alex most clearly demonstrates a(n) a. inferiority complex b. external locus of control c. weak superego d. oral fixation

c. weak superego

Jose is trying to quit smoking. He might experience all of the following withdrawal symptoms EXCEPT: a. insomnia b. irritability c. weight loss d. anxiety

c. weight loss

Who is most likely to report that they experience emotions more deeply? a. children b. adults c. women d. men

c. women

Last week Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is possible that Tate would be diagnosed as having: a. schizophrenia b. dysthymia c. schizoid personality disorder d. antisocial personality disorder

d. antisocial personality disorder

Regarding personality disorders, low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of: a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. dissociative identity disorder c. major depressive disorder d. antisocial personality disorder

d. antisocial personality disorder

The six basic facial expression of emotion communication all of the following except: a. happiness b. surprise c. disgust d. envy

d. envy

Up until 1973, this was considered dysfunctional and distressing by many mental health workers a. depression b. ADHD c. phobias d. homosexuality

d. homosexuality

______ are to the absences of appropriate behaviors as_________ are to the excess of inappropriate behaviors a. positive symptoms; negative symptoms b. positive symptoms; residual symptoms c. negative symptoms; hallucinations d. negative symptoms; positive symptoms

d. negative symptoms; positive symptoms

Studies show that_____________ therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders a. behavior b. humanistic c. psychodynamic d. no one type of

d. no one type of

In Kleinmuntz and Szucko's study of 100 polygraph results, how many individuals seemed guilty? a. one-fourth b. one-half b. two-thirds d. one-third

d. one-third

Reinforcement is part of_______ conditioning a. partial b. classical c. observational d. operant

d. operant

Like Ecstasy, LSD interferes with the neurotransmitter a. epinephrine b. norepinephrine c. dopamine d. serotonin

d. serotonin

In a psychology class debate on the trait perspectie, the students are asked to take the opposing view and rebut its positve aspects. wHICH CRITICISM OF THE TRAIT PERSPECTIVE CAN THEY CITE? A. THE RAIT PERSPECTIVE EMPHASIZES unconscious MOTIVATIONS TOO HEAVILY B. PEOPLE DO NOT ACT WITH PREDICTABLE CONSISTENCY; behavior VARIES FROM ONE SITUATION TOTHE NEXT C. THE BIG FIVE personality TRATIS ARE NOT STABLE IN ADULTHOOD D. THE BIG FIVE FIVE TRAITS CANNOT DESCRIBE PERSONALITY ACROSS DIFFERENT CULTURES.

B. PEOPLE DO NOT ACT WITH PREDICTABLE CONSISTENCY; behavior VARIES FROM ONE SITUATION TOTHE NEXT

Two year old Alma is very bored. She has been stuck in her playpen for 30 minutes, has played with every toy available to her, and has looked at everything in the living room. shE WANTS WITH ALL HER BEING OT ESCAPE. shE IS motivated TO ESCAPE THE PLAYPEN TO: A. maintain HER LEVEL OF AROUSAL B. DECREASE HER AROUSAL C. INCREASE HER AROUSAL TO AN OPTIMUM LEVEL D. REACH HOMEOSTASIS

C. INCREASE HER AROUSAL TO AN OPTIMUM LEVEL

Some athletes use mental practice to try to improve performance. In one study, a group of people threw darts 24 times at a target. Next, half of the group mentally practiced throwing 24 darts. Finally, the entire group threw 24 more darts. What were the results? a .Those who had rehearsed mentally showed improvements b. those who had rehearsed mentally did not improve c. everyone improved equally in performance d. everyone declined equally in performance

a .Those who had rehearsed mentally showed improvements

Obese 6 to 9 year olds are_________ more likely to be bullied a. 60% b. 70% c. 80% d. 90%

a. 60%

After three session of ECT each week for 2 to 4 weeks,__________ percent or more people suffering from severe depression improve markedly a. 80 b. 50 c. 90 d. 20

a. 80

Which of the following people is the BEST example of a Type A personality? a. Andre, a competitive, easily-angered journalist b. Bonnie, a relaxed, fun-loving professor c. Susan, a brilliant, self-confident accountant d. Clay, a reflective, open-minded artist.

a. Andre, a competitive, easily-angered journalist

Most psychologists and psychiatrists use_____________ to classify psychological disorders a. DSM descriptions and codes b. in depth patient histories c. input from patients' family and friends d. the theories of Pinel, Rosenhan, and other

a. DSM descriptions and codes

Vicky thinks that two of her friends are highly compatible, so she is trying to get them together. Which action might help to get them interested in each other? a. Have them gaze into each other's eyes for a couple of minutes b. Have them look at each other's hands for a couple of minutes c. Have them look at each other's feet for a couple of minutes d. Have them hold hands for a couple of minutes

a. Have them gaze into each other's eyes for a couple of minutes

Who argued for a classification of eight independent intelligences which include, musical, spatial, and kinesthetic aptitudes? a. Howard Gardner b. Charles Spearman c. Robert Sternberg d. Alfred Binet

a. Howard Gardner

This psychologist found that in over 125 studies of sensitivty to nonverbal cues, women generally surpass men at reading people's emotional cues. a. Judith Hall b. William James c. Robert Zajonc d. Joseph LeDoux

a. Judith Hall

A child will master the past tense for a regular verb like "push" (i.e. "pushed") before she will learn the past tense construction of an irregular verb like "go" (i.e., "went"). This phenomenon is best explained by the language acquisition theory of: a. Noam Chomskey b. B.F. Skinner c. Amos Tversky d. Benjamin Whorf

a. Noam Chomskey

Philip Zimbardo conducted his study in the basement of a. Stanford University psychology department b. the Palo Alto Police Department c. the California Department of Corrections d. a residence hall of Stanford University

a. Stanford University psychology department

Dr. Yamin conducted a test comparing Black and White participants in a measure of information processing. Each group was given the same information and task. What is the most likely result of the experiment? a. There is no difference between the groups in their performance. b. The white participants had higher scores than the black participants c. the black participants had higher scores than the white participants. d. you cannot determine individual differences through this experiment.

a. There is no difference between the groups in their performance.

Which theorist was the first psychologist to suggest that to improve mood we should act cheerful? a. William James b. Sigmund Freud c. Walter Cannon d. Charles Darwin

a. William James

______ suggested that people can stimulate the subjective experience of cheerfulness simply by acting as if they are already cheerful a. William James b. Judith Hall c. Stanley Schachter d. Richard Lazarus

a. William James

___________ suggest that people can stimulate the subjective experience of cheerfulness simply by acting as if they are already cheerful a. William James b. Judith Hall c. Stanley Schachter d. Richard Lazarus

a. William James

Strangers placed in male-female pairs were instructed to stare into each other's eyes for two minutes. They reported feeling a. a tingle of attraction and affection b. uncomfortable c. threatened d. heartfelt longing for each other

a. a tingle of attraction and affection

Strangers placed in male-female pairs were instructed to stare into each other's eyes for two minutes. They reported feeling: a. a tingle of attraction and affection b. uncomfortable c. threatened d. heartfelt longing for each other

a. a tingle of attraction and affection

To solve a problem, sometimes people resort to trial and error. If they want a guaranteed solution, they may follow a(n)___, which is a step by step procedure. a. algorithm b. heuristic c. prototype d. confirmation bias

a. algorithm

In lab rats, bing drinking contributes to a. all of the areas listed are disrupted by binge drinking b. death of nerve cells c. impairing synaptic growth d. reduced birth rate of new nerve cells

a. all of the areas listed are disrupted by binge drinking

The instantaneous and automatic fear response people experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the: a. amygdala b. hypothalamus c. pituitary gland d. hippocampus

a. amygdala

The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called a. an in group bias b. the just world phenomenon c. an out group bias d. a social trap

a. an in group bias

The depressants include alcohol, barbiturates, a. and opiates b. cocaine, and morphine c. caffeine, nicotine, and marijuana d. and amphetamines

a. and opiates

Which of the following theories of motivation best explains why people climb mountains? a. arousal theory b. drive reduction theory c. Maslow's hierarchy of needs d. physiological factors

a. arousal theory

Cynthia thinks that her new neighbor is mean and snobbish. This____________ will likely influence Cynthia to act negatively toward her neighbor a. attitude b. foot in the door phenomenon c. situational attribution d. exposure effect

a. attitude

When our need for relatedness is balanced with our need for___ and competence, we experience a deep sense of well-being a. autonomy b. self-esteem c. authority d. aggression

a. autonomy

_____ refers to the rate of energy expenditure for maintaining basic body function when the body is at rest a. basal metabolic rate b. set point c. glucose level d. PYY

a. basal metabolic rate

This therapy is empricially supported for treating bed wetting a. behavior therapy b. psychodynamic therapy c. family therapy d. cognitive therapy

a. behavior therapy

In addition to substances, the DSM-5 now also recognizes_________ as a potential source of addiction a. behaviors b. thoughts

a. behaviors

Prejudice involves a three part mixture of a. beliefs, emotions and predispositions to action b. inequality, frustration, and aggression c. in group bias, mirror image, perceptions, and deindividuation d. conflicts, attributions, and social scripts

a. beliefs, emotions and predispositions to action

How the interaction between our biology, our psychology, and our social-cultral environments influences our thoughts, behaviors, and emotions is the focus of the: a. biopsychosocial approach b. medical model c. psychodynamic model d. psychological model

a. biopsychosocial approach

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psycholgoical disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a: a. biopsychosocial model b. medical model c. psychoanalytic model d. humanistic model

a. biopsychosocial model

Belinda appears to be a nomrla average 14 year old adolescent. She socializes with her friends and spends her time listening to music and watching movies. Unknown to her parents and friends, Belinda will sometimes binge on large amounts of food and then either vomit or use laxatives to purge herself on the extra calories. Belinda most likely suffers from: a. bulimia b. anorexia c. binge eating disorder d. depression

a. bulimia

Psychologists refer to the mental activities associated with processing, understanding, remembering, and communicating as a. cognition b. prototypes c. heuristics d. framing

a. cognition

This is the cultural belief that gives priority to others' expectations a. collectivism b. race c. ethnicity d. individualism

a. collectivism

In his study of prison life, Zimbardo used____________ to play the roles of guards and prisoners a. college students b. attorneys c former prison inmates d. university employees

a. college students

Which of these is NOT one of the signals suggest by the American Psychological Association that a person should consider seeking help from a professional? a. comments from friends on one's strange behavior b. feelings of hopelessness c. disruptive fears d. sexual difficulties

a. comments from friends on one's strange behavior

Which of these is NOT one of the signals suggest ed by the American Psychological Association that a person should consider seeking help from a professional? a. comments from friends on one's strange behavior b. feelings of hopelessness c. disruptive fears d. sexual difficulties

a. comments from friends on one's strange behavior

Which of these is NOT one of the signals suggested by the American Psychological Association that a person should consider seeking help from a professional? a. comments from friends on one's strange behavior b. feelings of hopelessness c. disruptive fears d. sexual difficulties

a. comments from friends on one's strange behavior

Most researchers agree that apes can a. communicate through symbols b. reproduce most human speech sounds c. master language in adulthood d. surpass a human 3 year old in language skill

a. communicate through symbols

Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars of chairs. This BEST illustrates their capacity to develop: a. concepts b. syntax c. heuristics d. algorithms

a. concepts

Contemporary psychologists beileve that these three modern perspectives help better explain anxiety than Freud's theory a. conditioning, cognition, and biology b. conditioning, cognition, and psychosocial c. cognition, biology, and sociocognitive d. conditioning, biology, and psychoanalytic

a. conditioning, cognition, and biology

The ingredients of emotion include: a. conscience experience and bodily arousal b. conscious experience and labeling c. expressive behavior and labeling

a. conscience experience and bodily arousal

At the single point in this time, researchers may test and compare the intelligence of members of different age groups. This best illustrates: a. cross-sectional study b. longitudinal study c. developmental index d. factor analysis

a. cross-sectional study

A__________ is a false belief that often accompanies psychotic disorders. a. delusion b. flat affect c. compulsion d. psychotic episode

a. delusion

This medication was originally used to treat epilepsy and is also found effective in the control of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder a. depakote b. lithium c. clozaril d. risperdal

a. depakote

Blake's doctor told her that she should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax. This is because antianxiety agents such as Xanax a. depress central nervous system activity b. depress peripheral nervous system activity c. increase peripheral nervous system activity d. increase central nervous system activity

a. depress central nervous system activity

Speaking of new depression is commonly viewed, Steve comments that people believe that a. depression is merely a mental disturbance b. depressed people can't simply will themselves out of their condition c. depression is a serious as physical illness d. depression is not accurately portrayed in the media

a. depression is merely a mental disturbance

Why is it difficult to identify differences in emotions based on only on physiological measurements? a. different emotions can be very similar physiological signatures b. it is very difficult to measure physiological changes in heart rate c. different emotions can have very different physiological signatures d. it is not possible to measure physiological changes

a. different emotions can be very similar physiological signatures

According to Carroll Izard, there are 10 basic emotions that humans experience, and most of these are present during infancy. Which is one of these basic emotions? a. disgust b. boredom c. ecstasy d. empathy

a. disgust

A sudden loss of memory is one symptom of a(n) a. dissociative disorder b. bipolar disorder c. panic disorder d. obsessive compulsive disorder

a. dissociative disorder

Which of these disorders is almost never diagnosed in countries such as Great Britain, Japan, and India? a. dissociative identity b. attention deficit/ hyperactivity c. persisten depressive d. social anxiety

a. dissociative identity

While researchers have discovered that there are an excessive number of receptors sites for____, it is not the only neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenia a. dopamine b. serotonin c. norepinephrine d. expinephrine

a. dopamine

Antipsychotic drugs are to_____________ as a cork is to a________ a. dopamine receptors; bottle b. tardive dyskinesia; bottle c. dopamine receptors; bottle opener d. serotonin receptors; bottle opener

a. dopamine receptors; bottle

Lara's mouth is dry and she realizes that she has not had anything to drink all morning. The water level in her cells has dropped and she feel thirsty. She is becoming agitated by watching people drink large glasses of soda, and the next chance she gets, she will have a large drink. Which of these can be used to explain why she is motivated to get a drink? a. drive-reduction theory b. basal metabolic rate c. set-point theory d. arousal theory

a. drive-reduction theory

Laura's mouth is dry and she realizes that she hasn't had anything to drink this morning. The water level in her cells has dropped and she feels thirst. As soon as she leaves her classroom, she will go directly to the nearest drinking fountain. Which of the following can be used to explain why she is motivated to get a drink? a. drive-reduction theory b. safety needs c. arousal theory d. hierarchy of needs

a. drive-reduction theory

___ is an organism's response to a stimulus that includes a mixture of physiological, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience. a. emotion b. motivation c. arousal d. cognition

a. emotion

According to one study, good therapies share much in common, including all of the following EXCEPT a. evidence based support b. hope for demoralized people c. an empathetic, trusting, and caring relationship d. a new perspective

a. evidence based support

Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia? a. expressionless face and toneless voices b. fear of public places c. dysthymia d. hallucination and inappropriate laughter

a. expressionless face and toneless voices

The tendency to be social, happy, and cheerful is an example of which of the factor in the Big Five model of personality? a. extraversion b. openness to experience c. conscientiousness d. agreeableness

a. extraversion

According to the facial feedback effect a. facial expressions can stimulate the emotional experience b. facial expressions are only used to communicate emotions to others c. all facial expressions are learned from our culture d. all emotions are a product of physiological changes in our heart rate and breathing.

a. facial expressions can stimulate the emotional experience

Sean's anger is followed by a. feelings of shame and regret b. feelings of justification c. unawareness of the experience d. extended periods of continued hostility

a. feelings of shame and regret

An empathetic person will identify with others and can imagine what it might be like to walk in another person's shoes. There are some apparent gender differences related to empathy. Which cans supports that finding? a. females are more likely to express empathy b. seeing someone in distress causes a greater increase in a male's heart rate than in a female's c. males react more strongly to viewing film clips that were sad, happy or frightening d. There are no gender differences in relation to emapthy.

a. females are more likely to express empathy

Last year, Nikki was diagnosed with schizophrenia and one of her symptoms is related to inappropriate emotion. She sometimes lapses into a "zombielike" state of apparent apathy known as: a. flat affect b. dysthymia c. disorganized thinking d. obsession

a. flat affect

Need is to_____ as drive is to______ a. food deprivation; hunger b. motivation; incentive c. thirst; basal metabolic rate d. instinct; incentive

a. food deprivation; hunger

What therapeutic technique is characterized by questions such as, "what does that remind you of?" a. free association b. dream analysis c. positive psychology d. analysis of resistance

a. free association

_______ is a psychoanalytic method for exploring the unconscious. With this method, patients are told to relax and say whatever comes to mind a. free association b. collective unconscious c. identification d. regression

a. free association

Research had indicates that individuals with a(n)___ mind set tend to flourish when challenges in school. a. growth b. fixed c. creative d. analytic

a. growth

You think two of your friends are highly compatible, so you are trying to get them together. Which of the following might help to get them interested in each other? a. have them gaze into each other's eyes for two minutes b. have them look at each other's hands for two minutes c. have them hold hands for two minutes d. have them look at each other's feet for two minutes

a. have them gaze into each other's eyes for two minutes

For the last three months, Selma has been seeking her therapist weekly. Which is most likely NOT a reason she is feeling much better? a. her therapist maintains a professional distance b. her therapist is a empathetic and she feels he cares about her

a. her therapist maintains a professional distance

Mary's bathroom scale always overstates people's actual weight by exactly six pounds. The scale has_______ reliability and__________ validity a. high; low b. low; high c. low; low d. high; high

a. high; low

According to one study, good therapies share much in common, including a. hope for demoralized people b. the length of the therapeutic relationship c. the goal of insight into unconscious conflict d. a professioonal, slightly removed relationship with the therapist

a. hope for demoralized people

The concept of a set point is relevant to understanding the experience of: a. hunger b. sexual motivation c. achievement motivation d. the need to belong

a. hunger

An example of a physiological need is____________. An example of a psychological drive is_________ a. hunger; a "push" to find food b. a "push" to find food; hunger c. curiosity; a "push" to reduce arousal d. a "push" to reduce arousal; curiosity

a. hunger; a "push" to find food

The strongest support for heredity's influence on intelligence is the finding that a. identical twins, but not other siblings, have nearly identical intelligence test scores b. the correlation between intelligence test scores of fraternal twins is higher than that for other siblings c. mental similarities between adopted siblings increase with age d. children in impoverished families have similar intelligence scores.

a. identical twins, but not other siblings, have nearly identical intelligence test scores

Use of marijuana a. impairs motor coordination, perception, reaction time, and memory b. inhibits people's emotion c. leads to dehydration and overheating d. stimulates brain cell development

a. impairs motor coordination, perception, reaction time, and memory

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motiavtes behavior is: a. incentive b. homeostasis c. drive reduction d. motive

a. incentive

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior is a. incentive b. homeostasis c. drive reduction d. motive

a. incentive

Maxine smells coffee brewing in the morning and, really, it is the only reason she is willing to get out of bed. In this situation, the coffee is a(n) a. incentive b. motivation c. safety need d. physiological need

a. incentive

Ramona smells coffee brewing in the morning and it is the only reason she is willing to get out of bed. in this situation, the coffee is a(n) a. incentive b. safety need c. esteem need d. self-actualization need

a. incentive

This is the cultural belief that gives priority to personal desires and identity a. individualism b. race c. ethnicity d. collectivism

a. individualism

Jose was diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes when his fasting blood glucose was discovered to be 300 mg/ml. His____ production, which is secreted by the____, was not controlling his blood glucose a. insulin; pancreas b. ghrelin; pancreas c. leptin; fat cells d. insulin; hypothalamus

a. insulin; pancreas

Dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors may nOT be considered a sign of a disorder unless they: a. interfere with one's life b. are the only symptoms seen c. are seen as dysfunctional by a psychologist d. cause the individual to become depressed

a. interfere with one's life

This group sees dissociative disorders are behaviors reinforced by anxiety reduction a. learning theorists b. cognitive behaviorists c. psychoanalysts d. physicians

a. learning theorists

In a positive mood, a person will experience increased activity in her a. left frontal lobe b. right frontal lobe c. amygdala d. right hemisphere

a. left frontal lobe

Because he lives in Alaska, Rusty wants to prepare for the dark and cold winter months ahead before his depressive disorder can affect him. Rusty decides to try_____ therapy a. light exposure b. psychodynamic c. family d. cognitive behavioral

a. light exposure

Todd tends to be calm, secure, imaginative, and independent. He likely scores______ on the Big Five trait neuroticism and________ on the Big Five trait openness a. low; high b. high; low c. low; low d. high; high

a. low; high

Which of the following findings is the BEST evidence for an evolutionary psychology explanation of gender a. men are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors than women b. women consistently outscore men on all measures of spelling ability c. almost all math prodigies participating in high level math competitions are males d. Men are 99 percent of the world's chest grandmasters.

a. men are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors than women

If we encounter a person who appears to be high on drugs, and we make the fundamental attribution error, we will probably attribute the person's behavior to a. moral weakness or an addictive personality b. peer pressure c. the easy availability of drugs on city streets d. society's acceptance of drug use

a. moral weakness or an addictive personality

Emotions produce opposing emotions, which tend to linger after the original emotion disappears. With that in mind, which of the following patterns can explain both tolerance and withdrawal? a. more of the drug is needed for the desired effect, which causes a worsening of aftereffects in the absence of the drug b. less of the drug is needed for the desired effect, causing aftereffects to increase. There is a corresponding decrease of aftereffects in the absence of the drug c. more of the drug is needed for the desired effect, which causes decreased aftereffects d. less of the drug is needed for the desired effect, which causes withdrawal symptoms

a. more of the drug is needed for the desired effect, which causes a worsening of aftereffects in the absence of the drug

_____ refer(s) to a need or desire that energies and directs behavior a. motivation b. homeostasis c. incentives d. arousal

a. motivation

Researchers have reported a relationship between_________ and the progression of HIV infection to AIDS a. negative emotions b. high socioeconomic status c. gender d. education

a. negative emotions

When we follow rules because we know other people will not approve of us if we don't, we are responding to a. normative influence b. the hedonic motive c. cultural construction d. informational influence

a. normative influence

Chances for recovery from schizophrenia are best when a. onset is sudden, in response to stress b. deterioration occurs gradually, during childhood c. no environmental causes can be identified d. there is a detectable brain abnormality

a. onset is sudden, in response to stress

This big five personality factor involves the following endpoints: imaginative versus practical and independent versus conforming a. openness b. extraversion c. conscienttiousness d. agreeableness

a. openness

A toke economy incorporates___________ to modify behaviors by reinforcing desired behaviors with tokens that can be exchanged for various treats a. operant conditioning procedures b. punishment c. classical condition techniques d. aversive conditioning

a. operant conditioning procedures

A token economy incorporates____ to modify behaviors by reinforcing desired behaviors with tokens that can be exchanged for various treats. a. operant conditioning procedures b. punishment c. classical condition techniques d. aversive conditioning

a. operant conditioning procedures

A reduction in anxiety, pupil constriction, slower respiration, and feelings of lethargy are associated with a. opiates b. alcohol c. barbiturates d. sleeping pills

a. opiates

Jennifer is a chain smoker. Freud would suggest that she is fixated at the________ stage of psychosexual development a. oral b. anal c. latency d. phallic

a. oral

Which of the following is the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages? a. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital b. oral, anal, genital, phallic, latency

a. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Jessica believe she can complete a term paper, start to finish, in two days and so begins the paper two days before its due date. Unfortunately, once she begins, she realizes it will more likely take five days to complete. Her failure to accurately determine how long the assignment would take BEST illustrates: a. overconfidence b. framing c. fixation d. belief bias

a. overconfidence

Delores has been in therapy for 2 years, but her last session is today. If you ask her next month how effective her psychotherapy was, she is likely to: a. overestimate its effectiveness b. underestimate its effectiveness c. underestimate the help her therapist gave her d. not think it was worth the effort

a. overestimate its effectiveness

When people suffer from a______, they often feel intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. These feelings last minutes and include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness a. panic attack b. bipolar disorder c. somatoform disorder d. dissociative disorder

a. panic attack

_________ is to anxiety as a___________ is to windy day a. panic disorder; hurricane b. schizophrenia; forest fire c. bipolar disorder; calm day d. phobia; overcast day

a. panic disorder; hurricane

Larry has been diagnosed as suffering from a. paranoid schizophrenia b. obsessive compulsive disorder c. bipolar disorder d. antisocial disorder

a. paranoid schizophrenia

Cross-cultural research indicates that those who live in_________ are happier than those who live in the United States a. people living in all of these countries are happier than people in the US b. Puerto rico c. Canada d. Iceland

a. people living in all of these countries are happier than people in the US

Jenna was raised by loving, devoted parents who always encouraged her to do her best and who appreciated her efforts. As a result, Jenna has high self esteem. When she begins her first year of college, she is more likely to: a. persist even if the task is difficult b. feel somewhat nervous c. have difficulty sleeping d. feel pressured to conform

a. persist even if the task is difficult

Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's premises accepted by the neo-Freudians? a. personality is shaped by experiences throughout one's life b. personality has three parts: id, ego and superego c. defense mechanisms are used to ward off anxiety d. the unconscious is the key

a. personality is shaped by experiences throughout one's life

Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a. phobia b. obsessive compulsive disorder c. mood disorder d. generalized anxiety disorder

a. phobia

humanistic theories led the ground work for today's scientific a. positive psychology b. ultrahumanism c. neo-Freudianism d. self-esteem movement

a. positive psychology

Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children. Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of a. posttraumatic stress disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. obsessive compulsive disorder d. dissociative identity disorder

a. posttraumatic stress disorder

Marijuana is a hard drug to classify because it a. produces a mixture of effects b. has effects that last longer and are stronger than other hallucinogens c. is plant based d. cane be ingested in several forms

a. produces a mixture of effects

The old saying, "That is the pot calling the kettle black." is a good example of this defense mechanism a. projection b. reaction formation c. repression d. displacement

a. projection

Today's researchers call________ the false consensus effect a. projection b. displacement c. regression d. reaction formation

a. projection

Sigmund Freud proposed that, beginning in childhood, people repress intolerable impulses, ideas, and feelings. Freud's theory is a a. psychoanalytic perspective b. medical model c. biopsychosocial approach d. social cognitive perspective

a. psychoanalytic perspective

The field that studies our mind-body interactions is called a. psychoneuroimmunology b. immunology c. neuropsychology d. psychopathology

a. psychoneuroimmunology

The interdisciplinary field of__________ integrates behavioral and medical knowledge, applying this knowledge to studying mind-body interactions a. psychoneuroimmunology b. developmental psychology c. experimental psychopathy d. clinical neuroscience

a. psychoneuroimmunology

Dick's wife reports that a result of his illness he sometimes a. relates jokes that others find inappropriate b. physically abuses her c. is deeply troubled by his inability to solve simple problems d. finds it very difficult to express himself

a. relates jokes that others find inappropriate

Today, Ellen is going to the mental health clinic for a new treatment. During the procedure, her brain will be exposed to repeated pulses of magnetic energy This type of treatment is known as: a. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation b. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor c. electroconvulsive therapy d. vagus nerve stimulation

a. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

All of Ernest's basic physiological and safety needs habe been met, and he feels a solid sense of belonging and of being loved. According to Abraham Maslow, this suggests that he will next seek to satisfy his need for: a. self esteem b. self-actualization c. self-transcendence d. love

a. self esteem

Which of the following statements is true about the Rorschach inkblot test? a. some believe that is the most cherished and most reviled of all psychological assessments b. it is composed of various pictures that test-takers look at and then make up a story about c. the Rorschach inkblot test is a very objective measure of personality d. this test remains very popular even today

a. some believe that is the most cherished and most reviled of all psychological assessments

This occurs when a person experiences a fearful and then he or she transfer that fear onto similar events a. stimulus generalization b. reinforcement c. specific generalization d. stimulus discrimination

a. stimulus generalization

Psychologists refer to a high ratio of positive as compared to negative feelings as: a. subjective well-being b. positive psychology c. resilience adaptation

a. subjective well-being

Ed Diener reports that the happiest people have: a. supportive family and friends b. excellent physical health c. physical attractiveness d. high incomes

a. supportive family and friends

A five year old child is wary of trying new lamb stew. He is also not that excited about trying frog legs. This avoidance of unfamiliar foods a. surely have been adaptive for our human ancestors b. is uncommon in rats c. is uncommon in adult humans d. was probably not important for our human ancestors

a. surely have been adaptive for our human ancestors

A local religious organization has taken an interest in reaching out to to community members with AIDS. They were promoted to do this when they learned that religiously active AIDS patients seem to_________ than do their nonreligious counterparts. a. survive longer b. have more depressed moods c. have higher stress hormone levels d. exhibit fewer problem focused coping skills.

a. survive longer

The feelings of euphoria associated with cocaine usage continue until a. the brain's supply of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine drops off b. the cocaine passes through the blood stream c. the cocaine is metabolized by the body d. the brain shuts down

a. the brain's supply of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine drops off

In a psychology class debate on the humanistic perspective, Riley needs to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which of the following criticisms of the humanistic perspective would Riley cite? a. the descriptions of actualizing people reflect Maslow's personally values b. its concepts are too precise and specific c. it emphasizes unconscious motivation too heavily d. it emphasizes collectivism to heavily

a. the descriptions of actualizing people reflect Maslow's personally values

Modern day psychodynamic theorists and therapists agree with Freud about a. the existence of unconscious mental processes b. the Oedipus complex c. the predictive value of Freudian theory d. the superego's roles as the executive part of personality

a. the existence of unconscious mental processes

All of the following may influenced the perceived effectiveness of psychotherapy except a. the perception of the client's family and friends b. the clinicians' perceptions c. the client's perceptions d. outcome research

a. the perception of the client's family and friends

The social cognitive perspective proposes our personality is shaped by a process called reciprocal determinism, as personal factors, environmental factors, and behaviors interact. An example of an environmental factor is a. the presence of books in a home b. a preference for outdoor play c. the ability to read at a fourth grade level d d. the fear of violent action on television

a. the presence of books in a home

Freud's supporters identity all of the following as lasting contributions EXCEPT: a. the role of the environment on personality development b. the study of faulty decision making c. the study of unconscious processes d. awareness of the tension between biological impulses and our social well-being

a. the role of the environment on personality development

When people are stimulated by an exciting soccer match, their excitement can fuel and intensify anger. This effect is known as: a. the spillover effect b. embodied emotion c. the James-Lange theory d. optimal arousal

a. the spillover effect

Dr. Yamin conducted a test comparing Black and White participants in a measure of information processing. Each group was given the same information and task. What is the most likely result of the experiment? a. there is no difference between the groups in their performance b. the White participants had higher scores than the Black participants c. the Blacks participants had higher scores than the White participants d. you cannot determine individual differences through this experiment

a. there is no difference between the groups in their performance

Nikolas is suspected of a crime and is asked to take a polygraph test. Although he is innocent, what are the chances that he will be falsely accused? a. these tests are inaccurate about one third of the time b. these tests are inaccurate about one-half of the time c. these tests are inaccurate about two-thirds of the time d. these tests are rarely inaccurate, especially if the person is innocent

a. these tests are inaccurate about one third of the time

A patient recently admitted to the hospital is complaining of auditory hallucinations. She might be treated with a. thorazine b. lithium c. prozac d. xanax

a. thorazine

Benny enjoys the feelings created by drinking alcohol. However, over the last several years he has noticed that it takes more and more alcohol to create the desired effects. This phenomenon may be the result of a. tolerance b. addiction c. withdrawal d. adaptation

a. tolerance

Your professor hands out the examination for which the syllabus had said the exam would be on chapters 11 and 12. You are shocked to see that the exam is covering chapters 13 and 14 instead. Your examination clearly lacks: a. validity b. heritability c. reliability d. standardization

a. validity

Of the following options, which is not a withdrawal symptom associated with nicotine? a. weight loss b. insomnia c. irritability d. anxiety

a. weight loss

If the artificial "high" brought on by opiate usage is removed, the result is often severe: a. withdrawal b. adaptation c. addiction d. tolerance

a. withdrawal

According to the text, emotionality is truer of women, a perception expressed by nearly 100 percent of______ Americans a. 49 to 50 year old b. 18 to 29 year old c. 29 to 39 year old d. 39 to 49 year old

b. 18 to 29 year old

Critics of Freud doubt that conscience and gender identity form as the child resolves the Oedipus complex at age a. 4 or 5 b. 5 or 6 c. 9 d. 8

b. 5 or 6

_________ is characterized by excessive thinness, while__________ is characterized by normal to above average weight a. Bulimia; anorexia b. Anorexia; bulimia c. Binge-eating; bulimia d. Anorexia; binge-eating

b. Anorexia; bulimia

These cells release antibodies that fight bacterial infections a. T lymphocytes b. B lymphocytes c. macrophages d. NK cells

b. B lymphocytes

This neo-Freudian worked closely with Freud, but he placed less emphasis on social factors and agreed with Freud that the unconscious exerts a powerful influence a. Karen Horney b. Carl Jung c. Abraham Maslow d. Alfred Adler

b. Carl Jung

He once objected the view that humanity's problems arise from exercise self love or pride a. Sigmund Freud b. Carl Rogers c. Gordon Allport d. William James

b. Carl Rogers

Tammy's sisters and her husband want their four-year old daughter to learn a new language and would like to start by the time she is five. What advice should Tammy give? a. Late childhood is the best time to learn a new language b. Early childhood is the best time to learn a new language c. She should learn a language in high school d. There will be no difference when they start her learning a new language.

b. Early childhood is the best time to learn a new language

Which theory suggests you would NOT experience intense anger unless you first notice your racing heart (or other symptoms of physiological arousal)? a. Lazarus' theory b. James-Lang theory c. Zajonc and LeDoux's theories d. Cannon-Bard theory

b. James-Lang theory

Jeremy's new Year's resolution is to lose weight and stop smoking. Based on the research on self-control, which approach is likely to be most successful? a. Jeremy should accept himself as he is b. Jeremy should try to lose weight first and then stop smoking c. Jeremy should try to lose weight and stop smoking at the same time d. Jeremy should wait until after the New Year to focus on changes.

b. Jeremy should try to lose weight first and then stop smoking

This neo-Freudian said that childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security a. Abraham Maslow b. Karen Horney c. Carl Jung d. Alfred Adler

b. Karen Horney

All of the following have been successfully treated with behavior therapy EXCEPT a. bed wetting b. PTSD c. phobias d. sexual dysfunctions

b. PTSD

______ is a digestive tract hormone that sends "I'm not hungry" single to the brain a. serotonin b. PYY c. Orexin d. Insulin

b. PYY

In a study using_____, half of the patients receive a drug and the other half receives a similar appearing placebo. Neither the patients in the study, nor the staff administering the treatment, know who gets which treatment a. a counterconditioning technique b. a double blind technique c. an aversive psychotherapy procedure d. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations (rTMS))

b. a double blind technique

While talking to an attractive woman or whom he Joe has a crush, he stated, "That's the breast, I mean best, news I've heard all day." Freud would call this a. a tip of the tongue phenomena b. a slip of the tongue c. a foot in the door d. a door in the face

b. a slip of the tongue

Yama wishes to be happier. What should he do? a. watch more television b. act happy c. try to make more money d. stop attending his mosque

b. act happy

After moving to a new apartment, you find the street noise irritatingly loud, but after a while, it no longer bothers you. This reaction illustrates the a. relative deprivation principle b. adaptation level phenomenon c. feel good, do good phenomenon d. catharsis principle

b. adaptation level phenomenon

One of the big five personality factor is a. self-actualization b. agreeableness c. psychoanalysis d. reciprocal determinism

b. agreeableness

Environmental cues that trigger people to eat: a. can serve a useful purpose b. all of these choices are true c. can become very toxic because of unhealthy choices d. are much more numerous than they used to be

b. all of these choices are true

In__ disorder, the affected person is aggressive and ruthless and shows no sing of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing a. generalized anxiety b. antisocial personality c. obsessive compulsive d. dissociative identity.

b. antisocial personality

Research indicates that people who___________ are more vulnerable to disease a. own dogs b. are recently widowed c. have their own business d. bet at the racetrack

b. are recently widowed

People who are diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder a. suffer from delusions b. are tense and apprehensive all of the time c. are prone to sleep too much d. interrupt conversations and act impulsively

b. are tense and apprehensive all of the time

The sympathetic nervous system is to____ as the parasympathetic nervous system is to____ a. calming; arousal b. arousal; calming c. pupil enlargement; pupil dilation d. secretion of stress hormones; increase in epinephrine

b. arousal; calming

The____________ indicates that, although people often cannot directly control al of their feelings, they can influence their feelings by changing their behavior a. confirmation bias b. attitudes-follow-behavior perspective c . behavior adaptation theory d. bystander effect

b. attitudes-follow-behavior perspective

Four month old Shayna is starting to say things like "ah-goo" and "da-da-da-da." Shayna is in the a. stage of telegraphic speech b. babbling stage c. one word stage d. two-word stage

b. babbling stage

Joanna disagrees with her classmates on an issue. During a class discussion of the issue, Joanna is MOST likely to conform to her classmates' opinion if she: a. does not have to reveal her personal opinion at the close of the class discussion b. believes the rest of the class is unanimous in their position c. has a high level of self-esteem d. verbally expresses her own unique opinion early in the class discussion

b. believes the rest of the class is unanimous in their position

Which of the following statements is true of bulimia nervosa? a. people with bulimia continue to want to lose weight even when they are underweight b. bulimia is marked by weight fluctuations within or above normal ranges c. bulimia patients often come form middle class families that are competitive, high achieving, and protective d. if one twin is diagnosed with bulimia, the chances of the other twin's sharing the disorder are greater if they are fraternal rather than identical twins

b. bulimia is marked by weight fluctuations within or above normal ranges

A friend is feeling very edgy about an upcoming test and is consuming large quantities of starchy, carbohydrate-laden foods. But she is also surprised by how much of this food she is eating. What can you tell her that will explain her eating behavior? a. carbohydrates help to increase levels of glutamate, which can have calming effects. b. carbohydrates help to increase levels of serotonin, which can have calming effects. c. carbohydrates help to increase levels of norepinephrine, which can have calming effects.

b. carbohydrates help to increase levels of serotonin, which can have calming effects.

A stressor is a a. physical or emotional response b. challenging or threatening event c. process of appraising a threat d. result of constant stress

b. challenging or threatening event

Which of the following is true about clinical depression as presented in the video? a. clinical depression focuses on processing other people's feelings b. clinical depression takes over one's life; it is totally debilitating c. peaceful environments can't help a clinically depressed person's mood

b. clinical depression takes over one's life; it is totally debilitating

Which psychoactive drug produces a quick and very powerful rush of euphoria? a. barbiturates b. cocaine c. marijuana d. alcohol

b. cocaine

After the world chess championships, the winner thanked his family and friends for their support, and stated how happy he was to make his family proud and thanked them once again. From this interview, it is likely that he is from a(n)_______ culture a. democratic b. collectivist c. individualist d. socialist

b. collectivist

Dr. Williams is designing a new intelligence test and is thinking about all of the mental groupings or___ that a person could answer for a table, such as: surgical table, dining table, work table, etc. a. heuristics b. concepts c. algorithms d. phonemes

b. concepts

Dr. Williams is designing a new intelligence test and is thinking about all of the mental groupings or___ that a person could answer for table, such as: surgical table, dining table, work table, etc. a. heuristics b. concepts c. algorithms d. phonemes

b. concepts

Solomon Asch's studies showed the power of a. information b. conformity c. hedonism d. culture

b. conformity

When we adjust our own behavior or thinking so that it coincides with a group standard, we are exhibiting: a. reciprocal determinism b. conformity c. the mere exposure effect d. self-serving bias

b. conformity

A student in Norway enjoys eating gravlax (fermented raw salmon), which a student in the US considers disgusting. This is an example of the influence of_____ on taste preferences a. universal taste preference b. culture c. biology d. the ecology of eating

b. culture

Thomas claims that the nursing home's annual budget for drugs has a. increased slightly b. decreased by tens of thousands of dollars c. decreased slightly d. not needed to be increase

b. decreased by tens of thousands of dollars

Relaxation exercises have been correlated with a. raising blood pressure b. decreasing Type A heart attack survivor's risk of future attacks c. decreasing the effects of medication on headaches d. increasing reports of insomnia

b. decreasing Type A heart attack survivor's risk of future attacks

A person with positive symptoms of schizophrenia is most likely to experience a. tremors b. delusions c. withdrawal d. flat emotion

b. delusions

John is a 28 year old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. He does not like lithium because of the side effects. His doctor prescribes this medication, originally used to treat epilepsy. This medication is a. ativan b. depakote c. risperdal d. thorazine

b. depakote

John is a 28 year old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. hE DOES NOT LIKE LITHIUM BECAUSE OF THE SIDE EFFECTS. hIS DOCTOR PRESECRIBES THIS MEDICATION, ORIGINALLY USED TO TREAT EPILEPSY. tHIS MEDICATION IS: A. Thorazine b. depakote c. ativan d. risperdal

b. depakote

Nicotine triggers the release of the neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine which: a. diminish alertness and boost mental efficiency and appetite b. diminish appetite and boost alertness and mental efficiency c. diminish mental efficiency and boost appetite and alertness d. diminish alertness and appetite and boost mental efficiency

b. diminish appetite and boost alertness and mental efficiency

In family therapy, the therapist assumes that a. only one family member needs to change b. each person's actions trigger reactions from other family members c. dysfunctional families must improve their interactions or give up their children d. all of the above are true

b. each person's actions trigger reactions from other family members

Once seen as barbaric, this treatment is performed under controlled conditions using a general anesthetic and a muscle relaxant prior to treatment a. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors b. electroconvulsive therapy c. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

b. electroconvulsive therapy

Brain scans of individuals suffering from OCD showed________ activity in some areas of the frontal lobes, which are responsible for forming plans and making judgements a. depressed b. elevated c. no d. normal

b. elevated

Mark's friend's father has just died. Mark tells his friend that he truly feels the pain that she is going through. Mark really understands her grief, and both are crying together as he can actually feel the loss in his heart as well. This is an example of: a. sympathy b. empathy c. apathy d. curiosity

b. empathy

Researchers find that in high stress situations, it is common for the stress hormones to_________ memories of traumatic events a. have little effect on b. enhance c. minimize d. repress

b. enhance

The third phase of the general adaption syndrome is characterized by: a. resistance b. exhaustion c. an alarm reaction d. low blood pressure

b. exhaustion

The number of short term illnesses and stress related psychological disorders was higher than usual in the months following an earthquake. Such findings suggest that a. daily hassles have adverse health consequences b. experiencing a very stressful event increases a person's vulnerability to illness c. the amount of stress a person feels is directly related to the number of stressors experienced d. small, bad events don't cause stress, but large ones can be toxic

b. experiencing a very stressful event increases a person's vulnerability to illness

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a creative person? a. expertise b. extrinsic motivation c. a venturesome personality d. imaginative thinking skills

b. extrinsic motivation

According to the psychoanalytic view of development, we all pass through a series of psychosexual stages, including the oral, anal, and phallic stages. Conflicts unresolved at any of these stages may lead to a. dormant sexual feelings b. fixation at that stage c. unconscious blocking of impulses d. a distorted gender identity

b. fixation at that stage

As adult age, they show the greatest decline in: a. fluid intelligence and in the memory needed to recognize recently presented information b. fluid intelligence and in the memory needed to recall recently presented information c. crystallized intelligence and in the memory needed to recognize recently presented information d. crystallized intelligence and in the memory needed to recall recently presented information

b. fluid intelligence and in the memory needed to recall recently presented information

Need is to___ as drive is to___ a. motivation; incentive b. food deprivation; hunger c. thirst; water deprivation d. boredom; lack of stimulation

b. food deprivation; hunger

Davis was a consultant hired to give advice to operators of assisted living facilities. the advice he was hired to give is meant to provide the health of residents. What type of advice would Davis provide in order to positively influence the health of residents? a. take more control of residents' social behavior b. give residents more control over social activities and cafeteria food offerings c. take them to the zoo d. reduce the time they spend watching television

b. give residents more control over social activities and cafeteria food offerings

Which phenomenon in social psychology contributed to the false idea that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction during the presidency of George W. Bush in the uS? a. cognitive dissonance b. groupthink c. social facilitation d. social loafing

b. groupthink

Larry cannot be held in jail or prison unless he a. is considered to be in immediate danger b. harms someone c. is diagnosed with antisocial disorder d. commits a misdemeanor

b. harms someone

A person with very high self esteem is likely to_________ than a person with low self-esteem a. be more shy b. have fewer sleepless nights c. be more easily swayed by pressure to conform d. give up when faced with difficult task

b. have fewer sleepless nights

Monique hasn't eaten since early this morning. It is now time for dinner. Her stomach is growling and she feels hungry. One reason that she is feeling hungry is because a. her ghrelin production is low b. her blood glucose level has dropped c. her leptin levels are high d. her blood glucose level has increased

b. her blood glucose level has dropped

Monique hasn't eaten since early this morning. It is now time for dinner. Her stomach is growling and she feels very hungry. One reason that she is feeling hungry is because: a. her ghrelin production is low. b. her blood glucose level has dropped c. her leptin levels are high d. her blood glucose level has increased.

b. her blood glucose level has dropped

______ refers to the extent to which differences among people are attributed to genes a. behavior genetics b. heritability c. the human genome d. molecular genetics

b. heritability

_____ is the tendency to maintain internal state, regulating any aspect of body chemistry around a particular level. a. motivation b. homeostasis c. set-point d. drive-reduction

b. homeostasis

Humanistic therapies are based on the idea that a. the deep history of the brain and its evolutionary past should be starting point of therapy b. human nature is generally positive c. dreams have specific meanings for people d. clients' problems are signs of unconscious sexual or aggressive impulses

b. human nature is generally positive

When your blood glucose level drops, your___ increases a. weight b. hunger c. sexual drive d. thrist

b. hunger

Those who tend to be less able to tolerate emotional distress, are self-critical, and have poor communication and problem-solving skills are more prone to a. hurt other people b. hurt themselves c. suffer from alcoholism d. suffer from substance-related issues

b. hurt themselves

Sherry has to give her first speech in her communications class, and she is very anxious. Her advisor informs her of the spotlight effect and encourages her to________ in order to decrease her anxiety a. think about how she will be evaluated b. imagine herself in the role of a spectator c. focus on her anxiety d. imagine what others are thinking

b. imagine herself in the role of a spectator

Julia is suffering from depression. In addition to medication to alleviate her symptoms, Julia's doctor may also recommend she do which of the following to increase serotonin? a. eat more vegetables b. increase exercises c. join a support group d. take time off of her job.

b. increase exercises

Which of the following is not an effective associated with being overweight? a. increased risk for cancer b. increased metabolism c. decreased cognitive ability d. decreased physical activity

b. increased metabolism

Individualist cultures tend to value_______________, collectivist cultures tend to value_______________ a. interdependence; independence b. independence; interdependence c. group solidarity; uniqueness d. duty to family; personal fulfillment

b. independence; interdependence

The short of problem solving that demonstrates "school smarts" is what researchers have historically assessed in their tests of: a. divergent thinking b. intelligence c. intrinsic motivation d. algorithm

b. intelligence

Assume that after spending an hour on a treadmill, you receive a letter saying that your scholarship request has been approved. The two factor theory of emotion would predict that your physical arousal will a. weaken your happiness b. intensify your happiness c. transform your happiness into relief d. have no particular effect on your happiness

b. intensify your happiness

Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning constitute: a. algorithms b. language c. heuristics d. syntax

b. language

In stressful situation, people with antisocial personality disorders shows________ when compared with people unaffected by the disorder a. less fear and greater autonomic arousal b. less fear and less autonomic arousal c. greater fear and greater autonomic arousal d. greater fear and less autonomic arousal

b. less fear and less autonomic arousal

The effects of marijuana a. end abruptly b. linger longer than many other drugs c. degrease immediately upon use d. are very addicted and hard to control

b. linger longer than many other drugs

The famous organgutan known asFu Manchu is an honorary, member of the American Association of a. architects b. locksmiths c. philosophers d. college professors

b. locksmiths

Research suggests that_______ self esteem can cause undesirable behaviors in people a. low and realistic b. low and inflated c. realistic and inflated d. inflated but not low

b. low and inflated

PET scans of murderer's brains have revealed a. higher than normal activation in the frontal lobes b. lower than normal activation in the frontal lobes c. more frontal lobe tissues than normal d. no differences in brain structures or activity

b. lower than normal activation in the frontal lobes

White blood cells that work to destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders in the body are called: a. macrophages b. lymphocytes c. teratogens d. carcinogens

b. lymphocytes

By motivating a person to satisfy physical needs, hunger and thirst serve to: a. raise the set point b. maintain homeostasis c. lower sex-hormone levels d. change of incentives

b. maintain homeostasis

Mary and Bob are both drinking alcohol. Knowing that alcohol affects men and women differently, which of the following statements is accurate? a. bob will get drunk faster than Mary b. mary will get drunk faster than bob c. bob will have more withdrawal symptoms than mary d. mary will have more withdrawal symptoms than bob.

b. mary will get drunk faster than bob

When imagining an angry face people are more likely to imagine: a. women b. men c. adults d. children

b. men

With a challenging task, such as taking a difficult exam, performance is likely to peak when arousal is a. very high b. moderate c. very low d. absent

b. moderate

_____ is a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior a. an incentive b. motivation c. homeostasis d. a hierarch of needs

b. motivation

To study a disorder, psychologists and psychiatrists must first____ and___ it a. name; research b. name; describe c. research; name d. describe; research

b. name; describe

Research has shown that a dog will respond with learned helplessness if it has received repeated shocks and has had a. the opportunity to escape b. no control over the shock c. pain or discomfort d. no food or water prior to the shocks

b. no control over the shock

Sharon is just learning to speak. She says words like da-da, kitty, and ma-ma. This is not unusual because, whatever the language, when children begin to speak they tend to use MOSTLY: a. verbs b. nouns c. adjectives d. adverbs

b. nouns

Which of the following statements are true about wealth? a. gaining increasing wealth increases happiness b. once you have enough money for basic needs and a sense of self control, more money doesn't add happiness c. having enough money to do whatever you want makes a person unhappy d. financial stability does not impact happiness

b. once you have enough money for basic needs and a sense of self control, more money doesn't add happiness

Researchers find that conformity to the group increases when all of the following occur EXCEPT: a. the group is unanimous b. one is made to feel secure c. one admires the group's status d. one admires the group's attractiveness

b. one is made to feel secure

Our scores on personality tests best predict a. our behavior on a specific occasion b. our average behavior across many situations c. behavior involving a single trait, such as conscientiousness d. behavior that depends on the situation or context

b. our average behavior across many situations

If several well publicized murders are committed by members of a particular group, we may tend to react with fear and suspicion towards all members of the group. In other words, we a. blame the victim b. overgeneralize from vivid, memorable cases c. view the world as just d. rationalize inequality

b. overgeneralize from vivid, memorable cases

This____________ processing of different aspects of vision and thinking can be explained by our two-track mind a. asynchronous b. parallel c. serial d. disrupted

b. parallel

Of the following, which is not contributed by binge drinking? a. the impact of synaptic growth b. physical development c. the reduce birth rate of new nerve cells d. the death of nerve cells

b. physical development

Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it failed to resemble his___ of a sport a. phoneme b. prototype c. algorithm d. heuristic

b. prototype

Medical doctors who prescribe medications for individuals with serious psychological disorders are a. counseling psychologists b. psychiatrists c. clinical psychologists d. psychiatric social workers

b. psychiatrists

Women tend to be more emotionally expressed than men. This gender difference is an example of a____ influence on the expression of emotion a. sociocultural b. psychological c. physiological d. spill over

b. psychological

According to Freud, fixation refers to a difficulty in the process of a. free association b. psychosexual development c. hypnosis d. projective testing

b. psychosexual development

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates a. unconditional positive regard b. reciprocal determinism c. the self-reference phenomenon d. the spotlight effect

b. reciprocal determinism

A____ test gives consistent scores no matter when an individual takes the test. a. standardized b. reliable c. valid d. normalized

b. reliable

The ability to bounce back from adversity is called a. optimism b. resilience c. recovery d. repair

b. resilience

When a patient in psychoanalysis blocks anxiety laden material from their consciousness, they are experiencing a. depression b. resistance c. transference d. insight

b. resistance

When a patient is psychoanalysis blocks anxiety-laden material from their consciousness, they are experiencing: a. depression b. resistance c. transference d. insight

b. resistance

Social networking tends to_____ your true personality a. hide b. reveal c. exaggerate d. falsify

b. reveal

Social networking tends to_______ your true personality a. hide b. reveal c. exaggerate d. falsify

b. reveal

A person who is prone to depression has increased acitivity in his a. left frontal lobe b. right frontal lobe

b. right frontal lobe

A person who is prone to depression has increased activity in his: a. left frontal lobe b. right frontal lobe c. amygdala d. left hemisphere

b. right frontal lobe

When drug therapies have not been effective, electroconvulsive therapy may be used as treatment largely for people with a. severe obsessive compulsive disorder b. severe depression c. schizophrenia d. anxiety disorders

b. severe depression

Erica is a figure skater preparing for the upcoming national championships. her coach has suggested she practice mentally for the competition. Which of the following would you recommend she imagine? a. She should imagine her mother after the competition and telling her the good news b. she should imagine her jumps and spins while listening to her skating music c. she should imaging the crowd cheering as she skates onto the ice and bows. d. she should imagine herself bending down to have the medal placed around her neck

b. she should imagine her jumps and spins while listening to her skating music

In the term "schizophrenia," "schizo" means_________ and "phrenia" means_________ a. multiple; personalities b. split; mind c. positive; negative d. severe; neglect

b. split; mind

Arturo believes that most young women from California are extremely good looking and that extremely good looking women are usually selfish and egotistical. His beliefs are examples of a. sexual discrimination b. stereotypes c. deindividuation d. mirror image perceptions

b. stereotypes

The Big Five model seems to best capture personality because: a. genetic differences are more important than environmental influences b. studies show that these descriptions show up over a wide range of cultures.

b. studies show that these descriptions show up over a wide range of cultures.

Jane and Sue leave a building and see a dog running toward him. Jane assumes that the dog wants to play. Sue assumes the dog is going to attack. Which of the following is most likely? a. neither Sue nor Jane will experience a negative stress reaction b. sue's stress reaction will be more negative than Jane's c. jane's stress reaction will be more negative than Sue's d. Both Sue and Jane will experience a negative stress reaction.

b. sue's stress reaction will be more negative than Jane's

A patient at a mental health clinic is suffering from involuntary movements of his facial muscles and tongue. It is possible this____ may be a side effect of his long term use of antipsychotic medication a. transcranial stimulation b. tardive dyskinesia c. resistance d. aversive conditioning

b. tardive dyskinesia

In Milgram's experiments, the rate of obedience was highest when a. the "learner" was at a distance from the "teacher" b. the "learner" was close at hand c. other "teachers" refused to go along with the experimenter d. the "teacher" disliked the "learner"

b. the "learner" was close at hand

Researchers have found that low self esteem tends to be linked with life problems. How should this link be interpreted? a. life problems cause low self esteem b. the answer isn't clear because the link is correlational and does not indicate cause and effect c. low self esteem leads to life problems d. because of the self serving bias, we must assume that external factors cause low self esteem

b. the answer isn't clear because the link is correlational and does not indicate cause and effect

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of_____________ in personality functioning a. psychosexual stages b. the collective unconscious c. unconditional positive regard d. inferiority feelings

b. the collective unconscious

An important psychological contributor to drug use is a. inflated self esteem b. the feeling that life is meaningless and directionless c. genetic predisposition d. overprotective parents

b. the feeling that life is meaningless and directionless

According to Ekman, the most long-distnace communicator of emotion is a. the pout b. the frown c. the smile d. clenched teeth

b. the frown

Charles Spearman referred to the general capacity that may underline all of a person's specific mental abilities as: a. factor analysis b. the g factor c. divergent thinking d. emotional intelligence

b. the g factor

All of the following may influence the perceived effectiveness of pschotherapy EXCEPT a. the clinicians' perceptions b. the perception of the client's family and friends c. the client's perception d. outcome research

b. the perception of the client's family and friends

Cultural differences may help explain a. the lack of empathy a therapist has for their client b. the reluctance of minorities to seek out and use mental health services c. the stigma attached to minorities who do seek mental health treatment d. the inability to communicate with a therapist because of a language barrier

b. the reluctance of minorities to seek out and use mental health services

A group of protesters went on a hunger strike and drastically lowered their caloric intake. It is likely that in response to this semi starvation: a. their basal metabolic rate dropped but their weight did not change b. their basal metabolic rate dropped and they lost weight c. they decreased their energy expenditure but did not lose weight.

b. their basal metabolic rate dropped and they lost weight

Critics of ape language research have argued which statement? a. ape language is not just an imitation of the trainer's behavior b. there is little evidence that apes can equal a three-year old's ability to to order words with proper syntax c. apes easily acquire their limited vocabulary d. apes cannot use symbols meaningfully

b. there is little evidence that apes can equal a three-year old's ability to to order words with proper syntax

Dr. Haun developed a test that measures the amount of extrasensory perception (ESP) individuals exhibit. The test is found to be reliable, which means that a. despite what critics say, ESP exists b. this test measures something consistently but it may not be ESP c. this would be a good test to identify people with ESP d. this test is not measuring ESP

b. this test measures something consistently but it may not be ESP

Since Eysenck's study, numerous studies have been conducted to look at the effectiveness of psychotherapy; generally, these studies suggested what about the effectiveness of psychotherapy? a. those that sought therapy were just as likely to improved as those that did not b. those that sought therapy were more likely to improve that those that did not c. those who did not seek therapy saw improvement only when they began taking medication d. those who did not seek treatment were eventually institutionalized

b. those that sought therapy were more likely to improve that those that did not

an attitude of total acceptance toward another person is known as: a. empathy b. unconditional positive regard c. genuineness d. altruism

b. unconditional positive regard

The fundamental attribution error involves a. performing a complex task more poorly when in the presence of others b. underestimating situational influences on another's behavior c. becoming more extreme in one's individual opinions following group discussion d. losing self restraint in groups situations that foster anonymity

b. underestimating situational influences on another's behavior

The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of_________ in this disorder a. oxygen deprivation b. viral infections c. glutamate receptors d. learned helplessness

b. viral infections

Identical twins reared together have intelligence test scores that are: a. as different as unrelated individuals reared together b. virtually as similar as those of a single person taking the same test twice c. as different from each other as fraternal twins reared together d. as different as many sibling reared together

b. virtually as similar as those of a single person taking the same test twice

In terms of the bystander effect, the best odds of us helping someone include all of these EXCEPT: a. we are in a good mood b. we are in a hurry c. the victim is similar to us d. the victim appears to need and deserve help

b. we are in a hurry

We are MORE likely to make the fundamental attribution error if: a. we have a long-term friendship with the person we are observing b. we are not familiar with the person we are observing c. if we have prior information about the person we are observing d. if we have a happy marriage with the person we are observing

b. we are not familiar with the person we are observing

About half of all adults experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, but only about ________ men develop PTSD a. 1 in 5 b. 1 in 15 c. 1 in 20 d. 1 in 22

c. 1 in 20

In one study of 103,788 veterans returning home from Iraq or Afghanistan, about________ was diagnosed with a psychological disorder, most frequently PTSD a. 1 in 6 b. 1 in 5 c. 1 in 4 d. 1 in 7

c. 1 in 4

By the age of___, an infant's typical babbling has changed so that a trained ear can identify the language of the household a. 6 months b. 8 months c. 10 months d. 12 months

c. 10 months

The risk of suicide is________ times greater in individuals who have experienced depression a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 10

c. 5

If an identical twin has schizophrenia, the co-twin's chances of being similar afflicted are_________ they shared a placenta a. 7 in 10 b. 9 in 10 c. 6 in 10 d. 4 in 10

c. 6 in 10

The Pew Research Center found that_______ percent of Americans report they are "pretty" or "very" happy a. 54 b. 64 c. 84 d. 44

c. 84

According to______, there is a pyramid of human needs, such that the most basic physiological needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs become active. a. Barbara Rogoff b. Carl Rogers c. Abraham Maslow d. Ancel Keys

c. Abraham Maslow

Amanda loves desserts (especially ice cream), but she would like to eat less of them. What is one strategy she could use to reduce the amount of dessert she eats? a. Amanda should buy a variety of five different chocolate desserts to eat instead. b. Amanda can serve herself ice cream using a large scoop. c. Amanda can buy one kind of ice cream to limit her choices. d. Amanda can serve the ice cream in a large bowl.

c. Amanda can buy one kind of ice cream to limit her choices.

Cliff is homeless, hungyr, and desperate for food and shelter. He will do almost anything to satisfy these needs. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Cliff will ignore his other needs, which include: a. his actualization needs b. his need to be loved and to love himself c. Cliff will ignore all the needs listed d. his self esteem needs

c. Cliff will ignore all the needs listed

Which of the following is NOT a way to balance online activity and real-world connections? a. try turning off your handheld devices or leaving them elsewhere for awhile b. refocus by taking a nature walk c. Make sure that you keep in touch online with all your close friends d. Keep a log of how you use your time

c. Make sure that you keep in touch online with all your close friends

Of these individuals, who is MOST likely to benefit form the use of lithium? a. Olivia, who experiences delusions and auditory hallucinations b. Landon, who experiences a generalized sense of apprehension and anxiety c. Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement d. Ivan, who experiences sudden brief episodes of intense dread and panic

c. Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement

Of the following individuals, who is most likely to benefit from the use of lithium? a. Olivia, who experience delusions and auditory hallucinations b. Landon, who experiences a generalized sense of apprehension and anxiety c. Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitment d. Ivan, who experiences sudden brief episodes of intense dread and panic

c. Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitment

Children will master the past tense for a regular verb like "push" (i.e., "pushed") before they will learn the bast tense construction of an irregular verb like "go" ("went"). This phenomenon is best explained by a. B.F. Skinner b. Benjamin Lee Whorf c. Noam Chomsky d. Jean Gleason

c. Noam Chomsky

_____ maintains that the human capacity for developing language is natural and quick because people come equipped with an inherent language acquisition device. a. steven pinker b. john watson c. Noam chomsky d. B.F. Skinner

c. Noam chomsky

Although once considered an anxiety disorder, this disorder is no longer classified as such by the DSM-5 a. generalized anxiety disorder b. phobias c. PTSD d. social anxiety disorder

c. PTSD

_____ conceded that people's brains process and react to vast amounts of information without their conscious awareness a. Walter Cannon b. Carroll Izard c. Richard Lazarus d. Robert Zajonc

c. Richard Lazarus

Many critics would agree and suggest that this personality test is not very reliable and that it has limited validity a. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory b. Thematic Apperception Test c. Rorschach inkblot test d. Draw a Person test

c. Rorschach inkblot test

Who first emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process? a. Hans Eysenck b. Albert Ellis c. Sigmund Freud d. Ivan Pavlov

c. Sigmund Freud

To experience an emotion, a person must be phsyically aroused and cognitively label that arousal. This theory of emotion was suggested by: a , William James and Carl Lange b. Walter Cannon and Philip Bard c. Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer d. Aron Ralston and George Mallory

c. Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer

The Stanford Prison Experiment consisted of male college students who volunteered to participate in the simulation of a prison. Half of the students became guards, the other half prisoners. What is the name of the psychologist who had to call off the study in only six days because of the degrading behaviors displayed by the guards and the way the prisoners became passive, broke down, or rebelled? a. Milgram b. Asch c. Zimbardo d. Festinger

c. Zimbardo

Which of the following is a genetically predisposed response to food? a. an aversion to eating cats and dogs b. an interest in novel foods c. a preference for sweet and salty foods d. an aversion to carbohydrates

c. a preference for sweet and salty foods

Pilippe Pinel suggested that mental illness was a. caused by demon possession b. the result of sinful behavior c. a sickness of the mind d. created by a lack of religious conviction

c. a sickness of the mind

Which of the following statements are true of exercise? a. aerobic exercise decreases serotonin activity b. exercise does not impact neurotransmitter activity in the brain c. aerobic exercise increases arousal d. exercise increases arousal and anxiety

c. aerobic exercise increases arousal

According to a study, good therapies share much in common, including a. a new perspective b. hope for demoralized people c. all of the answers listed d. an empathetic, trusting, caring relationship

c. all of the answers listed

Medications are not the only way to lift an individual's mood. What else can help decrease depression and/or reduce anxiety? a. cognitive therapy b. exercise c. all of the reasons listed can improve an individual's mood d. cognitive behavioral therapy

c. all of the reasons listed can improve an individual's mood

Humanistic therapies began to take hold in reaction to what aspect of the psychodynamic approach? a. overemphasis on Freud b. old-fashioned thinking c. an overly negative view d. overly intrusive techniques

c. an overly negative view

Under the new program, infection and mortality rates a. have risen slightly b. are slightly lower c. are dramatically lower d. have remained the stable

c. are dramatically lower

Which of the following is not part of the evidence presented to support the view that humans are strongly motivated by a need to belong? a. students who rated themselves as very happy also tend to have satisfying close relationships b. social exclusion such as exile or solitary confinement is considered sever form of punishment c. as adults adopted children tend to resemble their biological parents and to yearn for affiliation with them d. children who are extremely neglected become withdrawn, frightened, and speechless.

c. as adults adopted children tend to resemble their biological parents and to yearn for affiliation with them

Being significantly overweight increases the risk of developing the following health problems, EXCEPT a. high blood pressure and gallstones b. diabetes and high blood pressure c. asthma and allergies d. arthritis and certain kinds of cancer

c. asthma and allergies

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events are called a. algorithms b. attributions c. attitudes d. perceptions

c. attitudes

To help Jacob overcome his smoking habit, a therapist puts him in a room with a carton of cigarettes laced with a chemical to induce nausea. He displays images of the dangers of smoking on the walls on a television set. This approach to treatment BEST illustrates: a. systematic desensitizaiton b. light exposure therapy c. aversive conditioning d. client centered therapy

c. aversive conditioning

To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter tasting substance. This approached to treatment best illustrates a. systematic desensitization b. light exposure therapy c. aversive conditioning d. client centered therapy

c. aversive conditioning

Outward signs of emotion tend to_____________ in different cultures a. be different b. changes over time c. be the same d. none of the answers is correct

c. be the same

The environmental influence that has the clearest, most profound effect on intellectual development is a. exposing normal infants to educational DVD's before age 1 b. growing up in an economically disadvantaged hoe or neighborhood c. being raised in conditions of extreme deprivation d. being an identical twin

c. being raised in conditions of extreme deprivation

In judging jellybeans, the group's average judgement was: a. only slightly worse than the best individual's judgement b. better than the average male's judgment but worse than the average female's judgment c. better than any individuals' judgement d. worse than most but not all individual judgments

c. better than any individuals' judgement

Many psychologists reject the "disorders as illness" view and instead contend that our factors may also be involved: for example, the person's bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the_______________ approach a. medical b. evil spirits c. biopsychosocial d. diagnostic labels

c. biopsychosocia

_________ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania a. major depressive disorder b. schizophrenia c. bipolar disorder d. generalized anxiety disorder

c. bipolar disorder

Mark is embarrassed at the fact that he displays emotion while watching a film with sad or sentimental scenes. What could Mark do to help control these emotions while viewing this type of film? a. tap his foot b. pull his hair c. bite on a popsicle stick d. scratch his head.

c. bite on a popsicle stick

After study participants were told a video taped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases like "passive type" or "frightened of his own impulses." this study best illustrates the a. dangers of dissociative identity disorder b. unreliability of the DSM-5 c. blasing power of diagnostic labels d. shortcomings of the social cognitive perspective

c. blasing power of diagnostic labels

Gordon Allport was the first to determine that a. environment has a profound influence on personality traits b. personal traits can be described according to two primary variations in extraversion and neuroticism c. certain consistencies in a person's behavior may reflect some sort of inner psychological quality d. a model with five individual differences does the best job of describing main personality traits

c. certain consistencies in a person's behavior may reflect some sort of inner psychological quality

therapy is likely to be most effective when a client's problem is a. the result of unconscious conflicts b. less focused c. clear cut d. schizophrenia

c. clear cut

In Stanley Milgram's experiments, the level of obedience was highest when the "teacher" was__________ the experimenter and______ the "learner" a. close to; close to b. far from; far from c. close to; far from d. far from; close to

c. close to; far from

Whether people feel angry or depressed in response to a low exam grade depends on whether they attribute the poor grade to an unfair test or to their own lack of academic ability. This BEST illustrates that emotions are influenced by: a. incentives b. homeostasis c. cognitive appraisals d. genetic predispositions

c. cognitive appraisals

Which of the following types of therapies is supported by research? a. recovered memory b. energy c. cognitive behavioral d. rebirthing

c. cognitive behavioral

Zajonc and LeDoux maintain that some emotional reactions occur before we have had the chance to label or interpret them. Lazarus disagreed. These psychologists differ about whether emotional responses occur in the absence of a. physical arousal b. the hormone epinephrine c. cognitive processing d. learning

c. cognitive processing

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people is known as an a. prototype b. heuristic c. concept d. analogy

c. concept

The learning perspective proposes that phobias are a. the result of individual genetic makeup b. a way of repressing unacceptable impulses c. conditioned fears d. a symptom of having been abused as a child

c. conditioned fears

Describing his physical and mental state, Steve tells his therapist that he is a. unable to describe how he feels b. alternately debilitated and frenzied c. constantly exhausted d. dependent on how his medications are working

c. constantly exhausted

The secretion of PYY_____________ hunger and the secretion of orexin____________ hunger a. decreases; decreases b. increases; increases c. decreases; increases d. increases; decreases

c. decreases; increases

The aspect of X-rated films that most directly influences men's aggression toward women seems to be the a. length of the film b. eroticism portrayed c. depictions of sexual violence d. attractiveness of the actors

c. depictions of sexual violence

Refusing to hire qualified job applicants because of the color of their skin is to engage in a. sexual discrimination b. mirror image perceptions c. discrimination d. deindividuation

c. discrimination

Alcohol may act as a________, which slows down brain activity of the areas that control judgment and inhibitions a. hallucinogen b. stimulant c. disinhibitor d. sedative

c. disinhibitor

Jorge was reprimanded for an accounting error by his boss in front of his co-workers. Jorge goes home from his job and yells at his wife for not having dinner ready. His wife then yells at the children for leaving their toys all over the house. This BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as: a. rationalization b. projection c. displacement d. reaction formation

c. displacement

When a physiological need such as hunger creates an aroused tension state, this: a. creates instinct drive b. is a basal metabolic rate c. drives the organism to reduce the need d. causes homeostasis

c. drives the organism to reduce the need

According to Freud's view of personality structure, the executive system, the_____________ seeks to gratify the impulses of the_________ in more acceptable ways a. id; ego b. ego; superego c. ego; id d. id; superego

c. ego; id

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with a. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors b. eye movement descensitization and reprocessing c. electroconvulsive therapy d. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

c. electroconvulsive therapy

Sharon was admitted to the hospital with severe depression. She nearly killed herself by slitting her wrists. The only reason she survived is because her husband came home from work early. One type of treatment that might bring her out of depression quickly and potentially save her life is a. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) b. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors c. electroconvulsive therapy d. electrocardiogram

c. electroconvulsive therapy

This treatment was originally performed without a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment a. eye movement movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) b. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) c. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) d. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulating (rTMS)

c. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

The goal of behavior therapy is to a. identify and treat the underlying causes of the problem b. improve learning and insight c. eliminate the unwanted behavior d. improve communication and social sensitivity

c. eliminate the unwanted behavior

Attempting to alleviate stress directly avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction is known as___ coping a. problem minded b. problem focused c. emotion focused d. social focused

c. emotion focused

The MMPI was originally developed to identify: a. a hierarchy of needs b. unconditional positive regard c. emotional disorders d. psychosexual stages

c. emotional disorders

The researcher who was lost in a dense fog and then shown to safety by a family of whales believes these animals are capable of: a. American Sign Language b. calculus c. empathy d. concept formation

c. empathy

A personality disorder, such as antisocial personality, is characterized by a. depression b. hallucinations c. enduring and inflexible behavior patterns that impair social functioning d. an elevated level of autonomic nervous system arousal

c. enduring and inflexible behavior patterns that impair social functioning

It has been suggested that raised eyebrows are universally associated with a surprised expression because they effectively widen the eyes to enhance the perception of unexpected circumstances. This suggestion Best illustrated the: a. physiological perspective b. two-factor theory c. evolutionary perspective d. spillover effect.

c. evolutionary perspective

A teacher prepares a lecture on the benefits of exercise that will not highlight which of theses? a. exercise increases mood-boosting chemicals such as serotonin b. exercise modestly enhances cognitive abilities c. exercise provides decreased warmth and body arousal d. exercise increases arousal

c. exercise provides decreased warmth and body arousal

Veda is sociable, fun loving and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures a. conscientiousness b. agreeableness c. extraversion d. openness

c. extraversion

Which of the following people is demonstrating creating thinking? a. twelve-year-old Marcie is an excellent spelling be competitor b. seventeen year old David consistently scores well on various aptitude test c. forty one year old Mary is a worldwide traveler who invents various dishes that combine dishes she had sampled from around the world. d. thirty four year old Sash is known as a problem solver who is very competent at solving mathematic equation

c. forty one year old Mary is a worldwide traveler who invents various dishes that combine dishes she had sampled from around the world.

Cathy had gastric bypass surgery for her sever obesity. This has helped to lessen her appetite and cause her to lose weight because her remaining stomach produces less: a. orexin b. leptin c. ghrelin d. PYY

c. ghrelin

Cathy went through gastric bypass surgery for her serve obesity. The surgery reduced the size of her stomach. This helped reduce her appetite because her remaining stomach produced less: a. leptin b. PYY c. ghrelin d. orexin

c. ghrelin

Cathy went through gastric bypass surgery for her severe obesity. The surgery reduce the size of her stomach. This helped reduce her appetite because her remaining stomach produced less: a. leptin b. PYY c. ghrelin d. orexin

c. ghrelin

Terrell is not feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because his: a. level of orexin is high b. blood glucose level has dropped c. ghrelin levels are low d. PYY levels are low

c. ghrelin levels are low

A system of rules for deriving meaning from sounds and for ordering words into sentences is called a. algorithms b. heuristics c. grammar d. syntax

c. grammar

Evidence suggests that heredity influences some aspects of alcohol abuse problems. Which finding supports this theory? a. an adopted child is less susceptible to alcoholism if both his biological parents have a problem with alcoholism b. an adopted child is more susceptible to alcoholism if his adoptive parents have a problem with alcoholism c. having an identical twin who suffers from alcoholism is greater risk factor than having a fraternal twin who suffers from alcoholism d. having a fraternal twin who suffers from alcoholism is a greater risk factor than having an identical twin who suffers from alcoholism.

c. having an identical twin who suffers from alcoholism is greater risk factor than having a fraternal twin who suffers from alcoholism

Jose's friends ask him to participate in some activities. He feels pressure to join them even though the adventures might not be in his best interest. Which of the following reasons might be strengthening Jose's conformity to the group? a. he is made to feel secure b. the group has less than three people c. he admires the group's status and attractiveness d. his culture strongly discourages following social norms.

c. he admires the group's status and attractiveness d. his culture strongly

Terrell is not feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because: a. his blood glucose level has dropped b. his PYY levels are low c. his ghrelin levels are low d. his level of orexin is high

c. his ghrelin levels are low

Terrell is not feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because a. his blood glucose level has dropped b. his PYY levels are low c. his ghrelin levels are lows d. his level of orexin is high

c. his ghrelin levels are lows

According to one study, good therapies share much in common, including a. a professional, slightly removed relationship with the therapist b. the length of the therapeutic relationship c. hope for demoralized people d. the goal of insight into unconscious conflict

c. hope for demoralized people

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is best able to tell us a. what part of an individual's intelligence is determined by genetic inheritance b. whether the test taker will succeed in a job c. how the test taker compares with other adults in vocabulary and arithmetic reasoning d. whether the test taker has specific skills for music and the performing arts

c. how the test taker compares with other adults in vocabulary and arithmetic reasoning

When the blood glucose level drops,____ increases a. visual acuity b. weight c. hunger d. sexual drive

c. hunger

Executives from a Japanese automobile company decide to build an automobile plant in the US. In Japan, workers in automobile plants work together in teams. According to research on social loafing why would this not be as good an idea for US workers? a. workers in the US do not understand the concept of team cooperation b. in collectivistic cultures social loafing would be more likely and decrease production c. in individualist cultures, social loafing would be more likely and decrease production d. production would not be affected if the US workers worked in teams.

c. in individualist cultures, social loafing would be more likely and decrease production

Twelve-year old TOmmy was watching the movie Jaws with his 10-year old. He wanted her to become scared during certain parts of the movies, so he displayed a fearful facial expression during parts of the movie to stimulate fear in his little sister. According to the facial feedback, while he did succeed in stimulating fear in his sister he is likely to a. become angry b. decrease his own fear during parts of the movie he displayed the fearful facial expression c. increase his own fear during the parts of the movie he displayed the fearful facial expression d. have very little emotional response

c. increase his own fear during the parts of the movie he displayed the fearful facial expression

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system: a. increases salivation and increases blood pressure b. decreases salivation and decreases blood pressure c. increases salivation and decreases blood pressure d. decreases salivation and increases blood pressure.

c. increases salivation and decreases blood pressure

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system: a. increases salivation and increases blood pressure b. decreases salivation and decreases blood pressure c. increases salivation and decreases blood pressure d. decreases salivation and increases blood pressure

c. increases salivation and decreases blood pressure

After the world championships, the winner of the diving competition, discussed how hard she had worked and the dedication and sacrifices she made to reach her goal to be a gold medal winner. From this interview, you can ascertain that she is likely from a(n)_______ culture a. democratic b. socialist c. individualist d. collectivist

c. individualist

When Charle's parents called the police after his behavior had deteriorated, the police a. forced him to enter a psychiatric hospital b. convinced him to retrieve his hidden pills c. informed the parents that there was nothing they could do d. arrested him because he was an obvious danger

c. informed the parents that there was nothing they could do

_____ is a hormone secreted by the pancreas to control blood glucose a. orextin b. leptin c. insulin d. PYY

c. insulin

Larry cannot be involuntarily committed to a mental hospital unless he a. is diagnosed by a psychiatrist as suffering from paranoid schizophrenia b. harms someone c. is an imminent danger d. demonstrates he is psychotic and out of contact with reality

c. is an imminent danger

Thirty-seven-year old Steven is a single male who has suffered from depression all his life. He has been in treatment for the last week and a half and has begun taking an antidepressant. He is starting to feel better, but he is tired of living this way and doesn't want to face another depressive episode. in terms of risk factors for suicide, Steven: a. is equally as likely to attempt suicide as the general population b. is likely to attempt suicide because he is on medication c. is more likely to attempt suicide, because his energy and initiate are rebounding d. is likely to commit suicide than a married male

c. is more likely to attempt suicide, because his energy and initiate are rebounding

The James Lange-theory of emotion suggest that people's experience of emotion a. is their subjective experience of emotion b. is their cognitive label of arousal c. is their awareness of their physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli d. cannot be measured

c. is their awareness of their physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Dissociative identity disorder is controversial because a. dissociation is actually quite rare b. it was reported frequently in the 1920s but rarely today c. it is almost never reported outside US d. its symptoms are nearly identical to those of obsessive compulsive disorder

c. it is almost never reported outside US

Zelda was adopted when she was an infant. Her adoptive parents' intelligence test scores are in the average range. Her biological parents, on the other hand, have test scores well above average. When Zelda is 30,, what can we predict about her performance on an intelligence tests? a. it will be more similar to her adoptive parent's test scores. b. it will drop precipitously due to the Flynn effect c. it will be more similar to her biological parents' test scores. d. it will increase dramatically due to stereotype threat

c. it will be more similar to her

A statement by 21 social scientists studying the effects of pornography noted that violent pornography a. has little effect on most viewers b. is the primary cause of reported and unreported rapes c. leads viewers to be more accepting of coercion in sexual relations d. has no effect, other than short term arousal and entertainment

c. leads viewers to be more accepting of coercion in sexual relations

Grandma Jones was recently admitted to a nursing home. She was quite ill and on a restricted diet, so the staff made all the decisions for her. They chose her meals, her clothes, and when she was able to get out of bed. As Grandma Jone's health improved, her grandchildren noticed that she seemed to have difficulty asserting herself with the staff. This can be explained by: a. personal control b. resistance c. learned helplessness d. exhaustion

c. learned helplessness

Studies show that parents of delinquent young people tend to sue beatings to enforce discipline. This suggests that aggression can be a. learned through direct rewards b. triggered by exposure to violent media c. learned through observation of aggressive models d. caused by hormone changes at puberty

c. learned through observation of aggressive models

After a construction accident, James was left without the ability to comprehend and express language because of damage sustained in his a. amygdala b. hypothalamus c. left temporal lobe d. right occipital lobe

c. left temporal lobe

Today, patients are very rarely treated using_____, a psychosugrical procedure in which the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion controlling centers of the inner brain are cut a. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) b. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) c. lobotomy d. tardive dyskinesia

c. lobotomy

Today, patients are very rarely treated using__________, a psychosurgical procedure in which the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion controlling centers of the inner brain are cut a. electroconvulsive therapy b. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation c. lobotomy d. tardive dyskinesia

c. lobotomy

Which of the following is not a way to balance online activity and real-world connections? a. try turning off your handheld devices or leaving them elsewhere for a while b. refocus by taking a nature walk c. make sure that you eep in touch online with all your close friends d. keep a log of how you use your time.

c. make sure that you eep in touch online with all your close friends

Which of the following is true regarding gender/sex differences in intellectual abilities? a. males tend to have higher verbal and spatial abilities than females b. males tend to have higher IQs than females c. males mental abilities vary more than females d. males tend to have lower expectations for success than females

c. males mental abilities vary more than females

Research examining genetic contributions to depression suggests that depression is the result of: a. a single malfunctioning gene b. hormonal imbalances c. many genes working together d. abnormality within the structure of the human brain

c. many genes working together

According to the drive-reduction theory we are pushed by our____ and pulled by our_____ a. needs; desire b. instincts; drives c. needs; incentives d. incentives; needs

c. needs; incentives

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are most characteristic of a. antisocial personality disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. obsessive compulsive disorder d. panic disorder

c. obsessive compulsive disorder

Under Kendra's Law, families and/or doctors can a. ask the courts to force a mentally ill person to be committed to a hospital b. have criminal charges filed against psychiatric patients c. obtain a court order to force a mentally ill person to undergo treatment, without commitment to a hospital or institution

c. obtain a court order to force a mentally ill person to undergo treatment, without commitment to a hospital or institution

Data indicated that Jeff's fidgeting accounted for___of his calorie burn a. virtually all b. one-quarters c. one-half d. three quarters

c. one-half

Humans broadcast their emotions with extreme subtlety, which is a. why they are so hard to read b. only understood by studying instincts in other animals c. only matched by the skill we have in decoding them d. why there is so much conflict in the world

c. only matched by the skill we have in decoding them

In a residential treatment facility for troubled youth, adolescent children receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes, make their beds, and come to meals on time. The children return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or to watch television. This BEST illustrates an application of a. insight b. systematic desensitization c. operant conditioning d. virtual reality exposure therapy

c. operant conditioning

When given____, rats become ravenously hungry a. melatonin b. serotonin c. orexin d. insulin

c. orexin

People with high self esteem have feelings of high self worth and tend to: a. give up when faced with a difficult task b. have more sleepless nights c. persist when faced with a difficult task d. succumb more often to pressure to conform

c. persist when faced with a difficult task

Hakeem is a fourth year medical student. He has the tendency to downplay every successful exam. Every little set back is evidence to him that he will never graduate even though he as had several successful evaluations. Hakeem has a(n)_____________ explanatory style a. optimistic b. controlled c. pessimistic d. Type B

c. pessimistic

In his general adaptation syndrome, Hans Selye noted that the greatest threat to one's immune system is during a. phase 1 b. phase 2 c. phase 3 d. phase 4

c. phase 3

All of the following have been successfully treated with cognitive therapy EXCEPT: a. anxiety b. PTSD c. phobias d. depression

c. phobias

Which of the following is not a reason religiously active people tend to have a longer life-expectancy? a. they have more social support b. they tend to drink less c. prayer stimulates lymphocytes d. they smoke less

c. prayer stimulates lymphocytes

Which of these drugs is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)? a. clozaril b. thorazine c. prozac d. xanax

c. prozac

Those who emphasize the importance of the g factor would most likely to encourage a. discontinuing special programs for intellectually advantage children. b. driving adult intelligence test scores from the ratio of mental age to chronological age c. quantifying intelligence with a single numerical score d. using a small standardization sample in the process of intelligence test construction

c. quantifying intelligence with a single numerical score

Albert Bandura's social cognitive perspective highlights the importance of a. free association b. self actualization c. reciprocal determinism d. factor analysis

c. reciprocal determinism

Anxious people tend to be on the lookout for potentiall threatening events; that is, they perceive the world as threatening. Their personalities shape how they interpret and react to events. This is known as: a. social facilitation b. unconditional positive regard c. reciprocal determinism d. self-actualizaiton

c. reciprocal determinism

Researcher George Vaillant found that_____ is/are what really matter(s) in life. a. self transcendence b. self-actualization c. relationships with other people d. fulfilling career goals

c. relationships with other people

Jennifer took the same personality test two different times, and received the same results. We can conclude that the test was a. not reliable but not valid b. not reliable or valid c. reliable and possibly valid d. reliable and valid

c. reliable and possibly valid

Research on the faith factor has found that a. pessimists tend to be healthier than optimists b. our expectations influences our feelings of stress c. religiously active people tend to outlive those who are not religiously active d. religiously engagement promotes isolation, repression, and ill health

c. religiously active people tend to outlive those who are not religiously active

Today, Ellen is going to the mental health clinic for treatment. During the procedure her brain will be exposed to repeated pulse of magnetic energy. This type of treatment is known as a. electroconvulsive therapy b. electrocardiogram c. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

c. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Today, Ellen is going to the mental health clinic for a new treatment. During the procedure her brain will be exposed to repeated pulses of magnetic energy. This type of treatment is known as a. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) b. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor c. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) d. electrocardiogram (EKG)

c. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Compared to college students in the 1960's, today's college students a. report both wealth and a meaningful life as being equally important b. reprot having a meaningful life as being more important than being wealth c. report being wealthy as more important than having a meaningful life d. report both wealth and a meaningful life as being equally unimportant

c. report being wealthy as more important than having a meaningful life

The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from a. outcome research b. randomized clinical trials c. reports of clinicians and clients d. a government study of treatment for depression

c. reports of clinicians and clients

Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of: a. reaction formation b. erogenous zones c. repression d. displacement

c. repression

Evidence shows that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the_____ theory. a. cognitive dissonance b. social exchange c. scapegoat d. attribution

c. scapegoat

Although some psychological disorder are culture bound, others cross cultures. For example, in every known culture some people have a. bulimia nervosa b. ADHD c. schizophrenia d. susto

c. schizophrenia

All of Ernest's basic physiological and safety needs have been met, and he feels a solid sense of belonging and of being loved. According to Maslow, this suggests that he will next week seek to satisfy his need for: a. catharsis b. self-actualization c. self-esteem d. unconditional positive regard

c. self-esteem

This afternoon, Mary's boss wants to meet with her. She is sure it is about the customers who complained about her yesterday. The best case scenario would be for Mary's boss to decide that her behavior was the result of: a. none of the explanations would produce positive results as there is no "best-case" scenario b. a dispositional attribution c. situational influences d. Mary's personality traits

c. situational influences

Some antipsychotic drugs, used to clam people with schizophrenia, can have unpleasant side effects, most notably a. hyperactivity b. convulsions and momentary memory loss c. sluggishness, tremors, and twitches d. paranoia

c. sluggishness, tremors, and twitches

Elijah notices that he eats more foods when he has dinner with his large family. He eats less when he dines alone, even if the food is prepared and presented exactly the same way. This is an example of a. a tendency to avoid unfamiliar foods b. universal food preference c. social facilitation d. the influence of serving size on eating

c. social facilitation

When we perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, this is called a. social loafing b. normative social influence c. social facilitation d. deindividuation

c. social facilitation

A person in a group tends to exert MORE effort when he is individually accountable than when he is working with others towards a common goal: this is known as a. social facilitation b. deindividuation c. social loafing d. normative social influence

c. social loafing

Social networking____ our connections to people we already know a. undermines b. do not affect c. strengthens d. weakens

c. strengthens

Social networking____ our connections to people we already know a. undermines b. does not affect c. strengthens

c. strengthens

Social networking_____ our connections to people we already know a. undermines b. does not affect c. strengthens

c. strengthens

Social networking___________________ our connections to people we already know a. undermines b. does not affect c. strengthens d. weakens

c. strengthens

Compared with monkeys left in stable groups, those that were housed with three or four new roommates each month were more likely to experience a. shrinkage of the adrenal cortex b. reduction of blood cholesterol levels c. suppressed production of lymphocytes

c. suppressed production of lymphocytes

In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns (e.g., "green car") This illustrated an English language rule of a. semantics b. algorithms c. syntax d. phonemes

c. syntax

____ refers to the rules of combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language a. semantics b. associative learning c. syntax d. grammer

c. syntax

Qwan often finds himself anxious in social situations. He avoids eye contact with other and regularly dismisses his fears of blushing uncontrollably as shyness. If Qwan was Japanese, he might be suffering from: a. depression b. susto c. taijin-kyofusho d. bulimia nervosa

c. taijin-kyofusho

A patient at a mental hospital clinic is suffering from involuntary movement of his facial muscle and tongue. It is possible this________ is a side effect of his long term use of antipsychotic medication a. transcranial effect b. dystonia c. tardive dyskinesia d. dysnthymia

c. tardive dyskinesia

It is difficult to evalutate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because a. it is difficult to locate participants after therapy has concluded b. clients generally do not speak well of their therapists after therapy has concluded c. testimonials from former patients can be misleading d. clients have no need to believe or promote that the therapy was effective

c. testimonials from former patients can be misleading

Zander has been struggling with personal issues and has decided to seek help at a mental health clinic. Unfortunately, he was put on a waiting list and told he would likely have to wait several weeks before he could meet with a therapists. According to Hans Eysenck's findings, what do you predict will happen to Zander? a. The chances are very good that he will decline rapidly b. the chance are not good that he will improve during the waiting period c. the chances are good that he will improve during this waiting period d. it is impossible to predict what will happen, since he was not in therapy

c. the chances are good that he will improve during this waiting period

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called: a. deindividuation b. the mere exposure effect c. the fundamental attribution error d. the bystander effect

c. the fundamental attribution error

Which of the following is NOT characteristics of a collectivist culture? a. a person's identity is closely tied to the identity of a larger group such as a family or village b. the needs and goals of the group are valued over the needs and goals of the individual c. the importance of self-reliance achievement are emphasized d. they are more commonly found in Asia and South America than in North America and Europe

c. the importance of self-reliance achievement are emphasized

Researchers have found that a person is most likely to conform to a group if a. the group members have diverse opinions b. the person feels competent and secure c. the person admires the group's status d. no one else will observe the person's behavior

c. the person admires the group's status

Because she mistakenly believes the herbal remedy she is using will help her lose weight, Mrs. Redding is feeling a considerable reduction in her appetite. This BEST illustrates: a. systematic desensitization b. progressive relaxation c. the placebo effect

c. the placebo effect

Which of the following Freudian concepts is not widely embraced by contemporary psychodynamic theorists? a. childhood shapes personality b. internal conflicts c. the psychosexual stages d. the unconscious

c. the psychosexual stages

Arianna displays very dysfunctional behavior. She is unable to care for herself, cannot dress herself, and has limited understanding of her surroundings. Prior to the reform movement influenced by Philippe Pinel, Arianna's behavior would most likely have been considered: a. incurable b. a sickness of the mind c. the result of demon possession d. normal

c. the result of demon possession

Arianna displays very dysfunctonal behavior. She is unable to care for herself, cannot dress herself, and has limited understanding of her surroundings. Prior to the reform movement influenced by Philippe Pinel, Arianna's behavior would most likely have been considered: a. incurable b. a sickness of the mind c. the result of demon possession d. normal

c. the result of demon possession

To say that the heritability of intelligence is about 50 percent means that 50 percent of a. an individual's intelligence is due to genetic factors b. the similarities between two groups of people are attributable to genes c. the variations intelligence within a group of people is attributed to genetic factors d. intelligence is due to the mother's genes and the rest is due to the father's genes

c. the variations intelligence within a group of people is attributed to genetic factors

Emotion researchers today agree that a. the emotional experience is limited to the pure form of each basic emotion b. facial expressions for the basic emotions vary across cultures c. there are a limited number of emotions experienced by all humans. d. none of these choices is correct

c. there are a limited number of emotions experienced by all humans.

How are the theories of Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg similar? a. they both propose eight independent intelligences b. neither believes that g is an important factor in understanding intelligence c. they both agree that multiple abilities can contribute to life success d. neither takes into consideration the research in fluid and crystalized abilities

c. they both agree that multiple abilities can contribute to life success

Sultan, a chimpanzee, studied by Wolfgang Kohler, showed evidence for animal cognition. He was given a short stick that could not reach a banana, but then seemed to have an Aha experience. He used the short stick: a. as a weapon to scare off other chimpanzees b. to bang on the cage to get Kohler's attention c. to pull in a longer stick, which he used to reach the banana d. to pull in a longer stick, which he used to poke Kohler

c. to pull in a longer stick, which he used to reach the banana

Two-year old Alma has numerous new toys in her playpen. Nonetheless, even before playing with these toys, she wants to explore the room and tries with all her being to escape. She is motivated to escape the playpen: a. to reduce incentives b. to satisfy physiological needs c. to seek optimum levels of arousal d. to achieve homeostasis

c. to seek optimum levels of arousal

When Greg's autonomic nervous system was aroused, he misinterpreted from his past experience that the harmless symptoms as indicators of an impending her attack. this misinterpretation caused him an unusually intense level of fear. His emotional response is best understood in terms of the: a. Cannon-Bard theory b. relative deprivation principle c. two-factor theory d. James-Lange theory

c. two-factor theory

Donald takes 15-minutes lunch breaks, has his cell phone with him at all times, checks his tablet the moment he wake up, and puts in 14-hour days at the office. Donald is a: a. type B personality b. type C personality c. type A personality d. type D personality

c. type A personality

Kate comes home with three A's and two B's to which her mother replies, "Is that the best you could do?" and walks away. Rogers refers to this attitude as the opposite of: a. companionate love b. genuineness c. unconditional positive regard d. confirmation bias

c. unconditional positive regard

Which of the following statements is true? a. we underestimate both the duration of our emotions and our resilience b. we overestimate the duration of our emotions and our resilience c. we overestimate the duration of our emotions and underestimate our resilience d. we underestimate the duration of our emotions and overestimate our resilience

c. we overestimate the duration of our emotions and underestimate our resilience

Julie is competing in a basketball free-throw contest. SHe is likely to perform____ if her physiological arousal during the performance is____. a. well; very low b. poorly; very high c. well; moderate d. poorly; moderate

c. well; moderate

Although bipolar disorder is as maladaptive as depression, it is much less common and it affects a. more women than men b. more men than women c. women and men equally d. primarily scientists and doctors

c. women and men equally

Depression is a serious, common psychological problem that affects many people. Although questions remain concerning the cause or causes of depression, we do know that: a. most major depressive episodes do not self terminate b. the rate of major depressive disorder is decreasing c. women are nearly twice as likely to suffer from major depression than men d. major depressive episodes are never preceded by stressful events

c. women are nearly twice as likely to suffer from major depression than men

Which of the following can be predicted from scores on the big five trait theory? a. future salary b. levels of happiness c. words used in blog posts d. behavior at a party

c. words used in blog posts

If 8-year-old Edie had responded to the original Standford-Binet with proficiency of an average 10-year-old child, she would said to have an IQ of a. 80 b. 110 c. 100 d. 125

d. 125

The IQ of a 6 year old with a measured mental age of 9 would be a. 67 b. 133 c .86 d. 150

d. 150

ECT was first introduced in a. 1918 b. 1908 c. 1928 d. 1938

d. 1938

After 3 days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to_______________ for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect a. 1 week b. 2 weeks c. 3 weeks d. 4 weeks

d. 4 weeks

These lymphocytes release antibodies that fight bacterial infections a. G lymphocytes b. L lymphocytes c. T lymphocytes d. B lymphocytes

d. B lymphocytes

Alone in the woods, a man hears a noise. He thinks he sees a bear coming towards him. His heart starts pounding and, at the same time, he realizes he is afraid. This sequence of events is best explains by which theory of emotion? a. Schachter-Singer theory b. two-factor theory c. James-Lange theory d. Cannon-Bard theory

d. Cannon-Bard theory

Which researcher confirmed that basic facial expressions are culturally universal? a. Freud b. Matsumoto c. Darwin d. Ekman

d. Ekman

What day of the week are people most likely to post statuses with emotionally positive moods on Facebook? a. Monday b. Tuesday c. Wednesday d. Friday

d. Friday

This person insisted that madness was not "demon possession" but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stresses and inhumane conditions a. Tuke b. Walters c. Freud d. Pinel

d. Pinel

What is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. self-esteem b. safety c. self-actualization d. Self transcendence

d. Self transcendence

Of the following, who BEST illustrates, Sterberg's concept of analytical intelligence? a. Freda, a business executive who effectively motivates her sales staff b. Trudy, a student who receives lower grades in physical education than in any other course c. Nicole, a teenager who completes the road test for her driver's license without a single error d. Selma, a 9-year old who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time.

d. Selma, a 9-year old who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time.

Tarek has many friends that are overweight. According to researchers about obesity, what hypothesis can you make about Tarek? a. There is no way to make a prediction about his weight b. Tarek is probably fit and muscular c. Tarek is probably underweight d. Tarek is probably overweight as well

d. Tarek is probably overweight as well

Around the world, people may experience the same gentically based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for what model? a. the medical model b. association studies c. linkage analysis d. a biopsychoscoial approach

d. a biopsychoscoial approach

Around the world, people may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for what model? a. the medical model b. association studies c. linkage analysis d. a biopsychosocial approach

d. a biopsychosocial approach

Evidence of a biochemical influence on aggression is the finding that a. aggressive behavior varies widely from culture to culture b. animals can be bred for aggressiveness c. stimulation of an area of the brain's limbic system produces aggressive behavior d. a higher than average level of the hormone testosterone is associated with violent behavior in males

d. a higher than average level of the hormone testosterone is associated with violent behavior in males

According to one study, good therapies share much in common, including a. the length of the therapeutic relationship b. the goal of insight into unconscious conflict c. a professional, slightly removed relationship with the therapist d. a new perspective

d. a new perspective

A depressive disorder is most likely characterized by: a. a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal b. alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism c. a persistent irrational fear of other people d. a persistently sad mood and low energy level

d. a persistently sad mood and low energy level

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck BEST illustrate: a. unconditional positive regard b. reciprocal determinism c. the spotlight effect. d. a self serving bias d. a self serving bias

d. a self serving bias

The correct order of the general adaption syndrome is a. resistance, exhaustion, alarm reaction b. exhaustion, alarm reaction, and resistance c. alarm reaction, exhaustion, resistance d. alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion

d. alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion

According to one study, good therapies share much in common, including a. a new perspective b. hope for demoralized people c. an empathetic, trusting, caring relationship d. all of the answers listed

d. all of the answers listed

Emotions involve: a. a physiological response b. a subjective experience c. a behavioral or expressive response d. all of these choices are correct

d. all of these choices are correct

In a crowd of faces, researchers have found that people are quickest to detect a(n)____face a. male b. female c. happy d. angry

d. angry

Bob has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would most likely be diagnosed as having: a. dissociative identity disorder b. major depressive disorder c. schizophrenia d. antisocial personality disorder

d. antisocial personality disorder

In__________, the affected person is aggressive and ruthless and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing a. dissociative identity disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. obsessive compulsive disorder d. antisocial personality disorder

d. antisocial personality disorder

____________ are characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety a. psychotic disorders b. personality disorders c. adjustment disorders d. anxiety disorders

d. anxiety disorders

People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder a. are prone to sleep too much b. suffer from delusions c. interrupt conversations and act impulsively d. are tense and apprehensive all of the time

d. are tense and apprehensive all of the time

The vocal sounds NOT included in one's native language first begin to disappear from usage toward the end of the___ stage of language development. a. one-word b. two-word c. telegraphic d. babbling

d. babbling

As a parent, you are skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When you arrive at the psychologist's office, you ask about what is the empiriclaly supported treatment of bed wetting as your 6 year old son has been having difficulties. You learn that___________ is the empirically supported treatment a. family therapy b. psychodynamic therapy c. cognitive therapy d. behavior modification or conditioning therapies

d. behavior modification or conditioning therapies

This therapy is empirically supported for treating bed wetting a. cognitive behavior therapy b. family therapy c. psychodynamic therapy d. behavior therapy

d. behavior therapy

This therapy is empirically supported for treating compulsions a. family therapy b. psychodynamic therapy c. cognitive therapy d. behavior therapy

d. behavior therapy

When Judy's professor failed to recognize Judy that her hand raised to answer a question, Judy began to think her professor was unfriendly. Judy later learned that the professor's limited vision kept from seeing her raised hand, but she continued to think he was unfriendly. Judy's reaction BEST illustrates: a. the framing effet b. fixation c. the availability heuristic d. belief perseverance

d. belief perseverance

Maia has plenty of food and lives in a nice house. Now, she feels she needs to fin a lover or even a close friend or two with whom she can share her life. According to Abraham Maslow, what is motivating her? a. self-actualization needs b. esteem needs c. safety needs d. belongingness and love needs

d. belongingness and love needs

According to Noam Chomsky, childrne have an inherent____that is "turned on" as they are exposed to language during a critical period. a. availability heuristic b. concept formation c. category hierarchy d. biological predisposition

d. biological predisposition

What do twins and adoption studies tell us about intelligence? a. it is impossible to determine the relative effect of genes and the environment or intelligence in general b. level of intelligence is mostly determined by genetics c. the environment has the largest effect on intelligence. d. both genetic factors and the environment affect intelligence.

d. both genetic factors and the environment affect intelligence.

A therapy is likely to be MOST effective when a client's problem is a. self-inflicted b. a response to a stressful life situation c. the result of unconscious conflicts d. clear-cut and specific

d. clear-cut and specific

Studies have demonstrated that this therapy is effective for coping with depression a. behavior therapy b. pschodynamic therapy c. family therapy d. cognitive theory

d. cognitive theory

Your therapist believes in using only empirically supported therapies for treating your depression She will probably use a. family therapy b. psychodynamic therapy c. behavior conditioning d. cognitive therapy

d. cognitive therapy

_____ is demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas. a. practical intelligence b. analytical intelligence c. intrapersonal intelligence d. creative intelligence

d. creative intelligence

Carl Rogers said, "The only question which matters is, "Am I living in a way that is deeply satisfying to me?" Critics of Rogers are likely to object to this statement because a. it encourages too much individualism which can lead to self-indulgence and selfishness b. it encourages too much individualism, which can lead to an erosion of moral restraints c. it fails to recognize that people who focus beyond themselves are more likely to experience life satisfaction d. critics of Carl Rogers are likely to voice all of the objections listed

d. critics of Carl Rogers are likely to voice all of the objections listed

Dr. James has dedicated that his 50th birthday would be perfect to begin writing an introductory psychology textbook. Because he has accumulated years of knowledge about psychology, it would be a demonstration of his___ intelligence a. constant b. fluid c. cross d. crystallized

d. crystallized

According to the medical model, mental illness needs to be__________ through__________ a. diagnosed; treatment b. cured; intervention c. treated; diagnosis d. cured; therapy

d. cured; therapy

Long term use of Ecstasy can a. depress sympathetic nervous system activity b. deplete the brain's supply of epinephrine c. deplete the brain's supply of dopamine d. damage serotonin producing neurons

d. damage serotonin producing neurons

Emotions do not consist of which component? a. physiological reactions b. behavioral expressions c. conscious feelings d. decision-making

d. decision-making

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system: a. increases salivation and increases blood pressure b. decreases salivation and decreases blood pressure c. increases salivation and decreases blood pressure d. decreases salivation and increase blood pressure

d. decreases salivation and increase blood pressure

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long term memory by a. increasing delusions b. decreasing depression c. increasing anxiety d. decreasing the amount of time spent in REM sleep

d. decreasing the amount of time spent in REM sleep

During a riot, a large sporting event, or mob action, we lose self-awareness and self-restraint. This is known as: a. social facilitation b. normative social influence c. social loafing d. deindividation

d. deindividation

According to the medical model, mental illness needs to be__________ based on its________ a. treated; symptoms b. defined; symptoms c. cured; symptoms d. diagnosed; symptoms

d. diagnosed; symptoms

A train is rapidly approaching, and Antonio's car stalls in the middle of the railroad tracks. His emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by: a. a decreased blood sugar level b. a decreased respiration rate c. contraction of the arteries d. dilation of his pupils

d. dilation of his pupils

Last week Becky read that labels can bias perceptions, so she does not support placing diagnostic labels on psychological probelms. If you were trying to convince her that these types of labels do have benefits, you might tell her that mental health professionals use labels to: a. choose the most effective course of treatment b. comprehend the underlying causes of psychological problems c. communicated about their clients d. do all of the things listed

d. do all of the things listed

Last week Becky read that labels can bias perceptions, so she does not support placing diagnostic labels on psychological problems. If you were trying to convince her that these types of labels do have benefits, you might tell her that mental health professionals use labels to: a. choose the most effective course of treatment b. comprehend that underlying causes of psychological problems c. communicate about their clients d. do all the things listed

d. do all the things listed

The double blind technique is MOST likely to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of a. cognitive therapies b. behavior therapies c. human therapies d. drug therapies

d. drug therapies

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate? a. eating is the same thing as hunger b. eating is a biological motive c. eating is directly related to hunger d. eating is a complex interaction of factors

d. eating is a complex interaction of factors

This treatment was originally performed without a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment a. selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors b. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation c. eye movement descensitization and reprocessing d. electroconvulsive therapy

d. electroconvulsive therapy

______is/are the main source of the body's energy a. insulin b. fat c. simple sugar glucose d. enzymes

d. enzymes

The MOST effective psychotherapists seem to those who a. employ personality tests to accurately diagnose their clients' difficulties b. discourage clients from using antianxiety or antidepressant drugs c. have had many years of experience practicing psychotherapy d. establish an emphatic, caring relationship with their clients

d. establish an emphatic, caring relationship with their clients

Therapists who make decisions based on research evidence, clinical experience, and their knowledge of the client are using: a. cognitive behavioral therapy b. active listening techniques c. eclectic approaches d. evidence based practice

d. evidence based practice

Which type of therapy most often uses virtual reality technology? a. light exposure therapy b. psychodynamic therapy c. humanistic therapy d. exposure therapy

d. exposure therapy

This big five personality factor involves the following endpoints: sociable versus retiring and affectionate versus reserved a. conscientiousness b. openness c. agreeableness d. extraversion

d. extraversion

Bremmer has found that in victims such as Dennis there is______________ activity in a part of the cortex that normally shuts down the automatic fear response a. far more b. no c. the same d. far less

d. far less

Bradly served two tours of duty during the war in Iraq. Since his return home, however, Bradly finds himself reliving many of his experiences from his time in the Armed Forces. Sometimes he swears he smells gun fire and feels the terror of being shot at. Bradley is most likely suffering________ associated with__________ a. flashbacks; OCD b. nightmares; OCD c. nightmares; generalized anxiety disorder d. flashbacks; PTSD

d. flashbacks; PTSD

Which term describes how a specific biological factor (like height) might produce social advantages, depending cultural and historical factors a. predict validity b. factor analysis c. social cultural perspective d. gene-environmental interaction

d. gene-environmental interaction

A stereotype is BEST described as a a. belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate b. perceived incompatibility of goals or actions c. hostile feeling that triggers discrimination d. generalization belief about a group of people

d. generalization belief about a group of people

Why do people in groups sometimes behave badly? a. people only behave in groups as they would behave as individuals b. norms that typically restrain us are reinforced by others in groups c. all of these choices are true d. groups can make us feel deindividuated

d. groups can make us feel deindividuated

Denia is an expert on psychometrics and assessment; however, three of the clinicians disagree on her choice of scales. She decides to change her opinion for the good of the group. This BEST illustrates: a. group polarization b. the bystander effect c. social facilitation d. groupthink

d. groupthink

The assistant chief of police has decided to forego using the polygraph test on a suspect and will use a different technique to assess the suspects' physiological response to crime-scene details. this is known as the: a. facial feedback effect b. drive reduction principle c. adaptation-level principle d. guilty knowledge test

d. guilty knowledge test

The assistant chief of police has decided to use a variation of a polygraph test on a suspect and will assess the suspect's physiolgoical responses to a series of very specific crime-scene details, known only to the police and the perpetrator of the crime. This is known as the: a. catharsis hypothesis b. relative deprivation principle c. adaptation level principle d. guilty knowledge test

d. guilty knowledge test

Dysfunctional and stressful behaviors are more likely to be considered discorded when also judged to be: a. enabling b. a bother to others c. gratifying d. harmful

d. harmful

Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. On the other hand, Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. All of these reasons explain why ONLY Naima's hand washing is considered part of a psychological disorder EXCEPT the behavior. a. causes Naima distress b. is deviant for someone whose work does not demand it c. is dysfunctional for Naima d. has been part of Naima's upbringing

d. has been part of Naima's upbringing

In terms of his strong interest in painting, Dick reports that a. he had always wanted to pursue a career as an art teacher b. he always hated are in elementary school c. drawing had always been a hobby, but previously he had not had time to pursue it d. he enjoyed doing art in school forty years ago

d. he enjoyed doing art in school forty years ago

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that we must satisfy basic physiological and safety needs before we seek ultimate psychological needs, such as self actualization. Maslow based his needs on a. Freudian theory b. his experiences with patients c. a series of laboratory experiments d. his study of healthy, creative people

d. his study of healthy, creative people

Carlos' wife is going to the hospital for painful spinal tap procedure and he is permitted to be with her during the procedure. What advice would you give Carlos that would reduce the stress for his wife? a. ask a nurse to hold her hand b. play a video c. play music d. hold her hand and talk to her about funny events in her life

d. hold her hand and talk to her about funny events in her life

The concept of a settling point is relevant to possibly understanding the experience of a. sexual motivation b. achievement motivation c. the need to belong d. hunger

d. hunger

Cliff is homeless, hungry, and desperate for food and shelter. He will do almost anything to satisfy these needs. According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy, Cliff will ignore his other needs, which do nOT include his: a. need to be loved and to love himself b. self-esteem needs c. self-actualization needs d. hunger and thirst

d. hunger and thirst

Orexin is an appetite hormone secreted by the: a. liver b. stomach c. pancreas d. hypothalamus

d. hypothalamus

Type A personality is to Type B personality as_____________ is to_____________ a. epinephrine; norepinephrine b. obesity; cancer c. time-conscious; competitive d. irritable; calm

d. irritable; calm

Recently, people heard a horrible story about a 14-year old girl who was kept in isolation by her parents and was not exposed to any type of language. Now that she is out of isolation, what is the MOST likely outcome for her language development? a. in an enriched environment, she will be able to master a language b. in a normal family environment, she will be able to master a language. c. with special training and a normal family environment, she will be able to master a language. d. it is very unlikely she will be able to master any language.

d. it is very unlikely she will be able to master any language.

Marcus is going through a particularly difficult time because of work-related stress, health problems with is parents, impending final exams, and term paper deadlines. Marcus has a history of not dealing well with stress. the continuous stress is likely to cause all of the following except: a. it would alter his immune system so he does not fight off disease as well b. he would catch a bad cold c. it would cause the blister on Marcus' foot to heal slower than normal d. it would cause cancer

d. it would cause cancer

Women are more valuable to alcohol because they a. do not have as much self control as men b. are more prone to drink excessively then men c. do not drink as much as men and therefore do not have as much of tolerance for alcohol d. lack an enzyme in their stomachs that help metabolize alcohol

d. lack an enzyme in their stomachs that help metabolize alcohol

Exuberant infants and alert, energetic adults are especially likely to show high levels of brain activity in the: a. limbic system b. sensory cortex c. cerebellum d. left frontal lobe

d. left frontal lobe

David's occupation is that of a: a. high school mathematics teacher b. school social worker c. nuclear physicist d. marine microbiologists

d. marine microbiologists

Gerri's psychologist has suggested that she take time to relax and silently pay attention to her inner state. This technique is called: a. personal control b. psychoneuroimmunology c. emotion-based coping d. mindfulness meditation

d. mindfulness meditation

Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in her career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from a(n) a. dissociative disorder b. phobia c. antisocial personality disorder d. mood disorder

d. mood disorder

One of the most consistent findings of psychological research is that happy people are also a. more likely to express anger b. generally luckier than others c. concentrated in the wealthier nations d. more likely to help others

d. more likely to help others

After vigrous exercise, you meet an attractive person, and you are suddenly seized by romantic feelings for that person. This response supports the two factor theory of emotion which assumes that emotions; such as passionate love, consist of physical arousal plus a. a reward b. proximity c. companionate love d. our interpretation of that arousal

d. our interpretation of that arousal

Roger has a good amount on his plate. He works full-time, he also has a part time job, and has a new consulting company in response to his son's special needs. He seems to be coping with everything quite well, for the moment anyway. According to Selye, he is in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome a. phase 4, unable to recover b. phase 1, experiencing an alarm reaction c. phase 3, in a state of exhaustion d. phase 2, in a state of resistance

d. phase 2, in a state of resistance

Although________ are more common, depression is the number one reason people seek mental health services a. personality disorders b. traumas c. dissociative disorders d. phobias

d. phobias

An approach that seeks to identify and alleviate conditions that put people at high risk for developing psychological disorders is called a. deep brain stimulation b. the mood stabilizing perspective c. spontaneous recovery d. preventive mental health

d. preventive mental health

___ is to addressing work problems with a colleague as____ is to talking to your hair stylist about all of the problems at work. a. unperceived control; perceived control b. emotion-focused coping; problem-focused coping c. perceived control; problem focused coping d. problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping

d. problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping

In the video, Ginger the dog's main role is described as a. helping with exercise b. contributing to a lively atmosphere c. maintaining security d. providing affection

d. providing affection

____ is the therapeutic technique developed by____. The goal of this type of therapy is to help patients gains insight into repressed impulses and conflicts. a. rational-emotive; Albert Ellis b. cognitive therapy; Aaron Beck c. client centered therapy; Carl Rogers d. psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud

d. psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud

Carl learns that he failed an exam. His self esteem is temporarily lowered, and he is more likely to a. be extra critical about his wife's cooking b. express some underlying racial prejudice c. make disparaging comments about his mother-in-law d. react in all of the ways listed

d. react in all of the ways listed

Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self doubt. bRYCE best ILLUSTRATES THE USE OF A DEFENSE MECHANISM KNOWN AS: A. regression b. projection c. displacement d. reaction formation

d. reaction formation

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates a. the self reference phenomenon b. unconditional positive regard c. the spotlight effect d. reciprocal determinism

d. reciprocal determinism

Being significantly overweight increases the risk of developing all of the following health problems, except a. increased health care costs b. shortened life span c. reduced quality of life d. reduced health care costs

d. reduced health care costs

During the drive he takes after weeks of therapy, Sean a. must pull off the road because of anxiety b. is barely able to suppress his anger c. continues to express uncontrollable rage d. remains calm and relaxed

d. remains calm and relaxed

Women appear to be more sensitive to nonverbal cues than men. Which research finding supports this? a. women surpass men at reading emotional cues b. women across various cultures report themselves open to feelings c. women surpass men in determine whether a male-female couple is genuinely romantic or phony d. research has found all of these things are true.

d. research has found all of these things are true.

The second phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by: a. exhaustion b. an alarm reaction c. low blood pressure d. resistance

d. resistance

A lie detector is used to to monitor a person's: a. insulin levels b. stomach contraction c. brain activity d. respiration

d. respiration

A lie detector, or polygraph, is used to monitor a person's a. insulin levels b. stomach contraction c. brain activity d. respiration

d. respiration

According to the Schachtter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, which is the correct sequence of events when a car drives directly toward a group and they experience emotion? a. see an oncoming car; heart pounds; experience fear b. see an oncoming car; heart pounds and, at the same time, fear is experienced c. see an oncoming car; experience fear d. see an oncoming car; heart pounds, and at the same time, the arousal is cognitively labeled; experience fear

d. see an oncoming car; heart pounds, and at the same time, the arousal is cognitively labeled; experience fear

Compared with psychoanalysis, humanistic therapies are more likely to emphasize a. hidden or repressed feelings b. childhood experiences c. psychological disorders d. self fulfillment and growth

d. self fulfillment and growth

What is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. self-esteem b. safety c. self-actualization d. self-transcendence

d. self-transcendence

___ psychologists explore why the same person will act differently in different situations. a. cognitive b. developmental c. psychoanalytic d. social

d. social

Penny is an intensely shy person who rarely attends social gatherings. In addition, she normally will not accept dinner invitations and refuses to speak in public, even if it is among a group of friends. Penny mostly likely suffers from a. OCD b. PTSD c. panic disorder d. social anxiety disorder

d. social anxiety disorder

Amanda blames herself for her recent job loss. Her therapist suggest that her depression results from this self blame rather than due to the slumping economy. her therapist's suggestion BEST illustrates a a. DSM-5 diagnosis b. linkage analysis c. medical model d. social cognitive perspective

d. social cognitive perspective

In general, neo-Freudians such as Adler and Horney accepted many of Freud's views but placed more emphasis than he did on a. development throughout the life span b. the collective unconscious c. the role of the id d. social interactions

d. social interactions

If you have an intense fear of speaking in public, eating out, or going to parties, you may be suffering from a. generalized anxiety disorder b. obsessive compulsive disorder c. dysthymic disorder d. social phobia

d. social phobia

People who have close relationships are less likely to die prematurely than those who do not, supporting the idea that a. social ties can be a source of stress b. gender influences longevity c. type a behavior is responsible for many premature deaths d. social support has a beneficial effect on health

d. social support has a beneficial effect on health

An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are a. stable and specific b. temporary and global c. global and stable d. specific and temporary

d. specific and temporary

Ruth was walking through the woods during a thunderstorm. A tree struck by lightening form the storm toppled over narrowing missing Ruth as she fled. The fact that Ruth now has a fear of all trees not just the one that nearly harmed her is an example of a. OCD b. PTSD c. specific generalization d. stimulus generalization

d. stimulus generalization

Emotionally intelligence people tend to a. seek immediate gratification b. understand their own emotions but not those of others c. understand others' emotions but not their own d. succeed in their careers

d. succeed in their careers

According to Sigmund Freud, this part of the personality represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations. a. phallic b. id c. ego d. superego

d. superego

In the Prince, Machiavelli warned rulers not to: a. listen to the masses b. be controlling c. turn the other cheek d. surround themselves with "yes" men

d. surround themselves with "yes" men

Mr. hoffman has alwasy been cautious with hims money. But, over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice about how to make millions in the stock market. mr. hoffman's behavior is mOST indicative of; a. major depressive disorder b. dissociated identity disorder c. obsessive compulsive disorder d. technically, this behavior is not indicative of a disorder; the symptoms would need to be severe and prolonged to indicate a disorder

d. technically, this behavior is not indicative of a disorder; the symptoms would need to be severe and prolonged to indicate a disorder

Two-year old Dirk's sentences: "Dad come," "Mom laugh," and "Truck gone" are examples of: a. receptive language b. babbling c. universal grammar d. telegraphic speech

d. telegraphic speech

It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because a. clients generally do not speak well of their therapists after therapy has concluded b. clients have no need to believe or promote that the therapy was effective c. it is difficult to locate participants after therapy has concluded d. testimonials from former patients can be misleading

d. testimonials from former patients can be misleading

It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because a. clients have no idea to believe or promote that the therapy was effective b. clients generally do not speak well of their therapists after therapy has concluded c. it is difficult to locate participants after therapy has concluded d. testimonials from former patients can be misleading

d. testimonials from former patients can be misleading

It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because a. clients have no need to believe or promote that the therapy was effective b. clients generally do not speak well of their therapists after therapy has concluded c. it is difficult to locate participants after therapy has concluded d. testimonials from former patients can be misleading

d. testimonials from former patients can be misleading

Three in the four US teens use: a. email b. facebook or other social networking sites c. online dating sites d. text messaging

d. text messaging

Around the world, people describe other's personality traits in terms that are consistent with a set of factors called a. psychosexual stages b. defense mechanisms c. the hierarchy of needs d. the Big Five

d. the Big Five

Mick never seems to be satisfied with his achievements. He is not depressed; he does celebrate achievements, but his achievements become normal after some time, and he moves on to the next big thing. This is best explained in terms of a. his level of pessimism b. the emotion-focused coping c. learned helplessness d. the adaption-level phenomenon

d. the adaption-level phenomenon

A judgement that alarm is unwarranted shuts down: a. the cerebral cortex b. brain circuits c. the heart d. the amygdala

d. the amygdala

The easier it is for a person to remember a circumstance in which a friend betrayed him, the more he expects such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of: a. framing b. the representativeness heuristic c. fixation d. the availability heuristic

d. the availability heuristic

After receiving exciting news about his grandson's healthy birth, Mr. Haney was easily persuaded to contribute a generous sum of money to a neighborhood church. This BEST illustrates: a. the two-factor theory b. the adaption level phenomenon c. an internal locus of control d. the feel good, do good phenomenon

d. the feel good, do good phenomenon

The hospital therapists asks each patient to write a letter to: a. their future selves, describing their success in overcoming their illness b. themselves, describing the conflict they experience in needing to eat and wanting to lose weight c. their closest friend for support in overcoming their eating disorder d. the part of their body that they are unhappy with

d. the part of their body that they are unhappy with

Obese people find it very difficult to lose weight permanently This is due to several factors, including the fact that a. it takes less energy to maintain weight than it did to gain it b. the set point of obese people is lower than average c. with dieting, metabolism increases d. there is a genetic influence on body weight

d. there is a genetic influence on body weight

Compared to the general population how much time do lonely people spend online? a. there is no clear trend in time spent online b. they spend less than average time online c. there is no difference in time spent online d. they spend a greater than average amount of time online

d. they spend a greater than average amount of time online

Which of the following is not one of the three main types of stressors? a. catastrophes b. significant life changes c. daily hassles d. threatening events that we hear about

d. threatening events that we hear about

Benny enjoys the feelings created by drinking alcohol. However, over the last several years he has noticed that it takes more and more alcohol to create the desired effects. This phenomenon may be result of a. withdrawal b. addiction c. adaptation d. tolerance

d. tolerance

James Surowiechi's analysis is consistent with the slogan that a. birds of a feather flock together b. opposites attract c. too many cooks spoil the broth d. two heads are better than one

d. two heads are better than one

Jaydon does not realize that his alcohol abuse and family neglect is leading to the destruction of both his family and his career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon is showing signs of a: a. strong ego b. strong superego c. weak id d. weak ego

d. weak ego

Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a: a. catatonic state b. personality disorder c. multiple personality d. world salad

d. world salad