Final Exam Multiple Choice Questions
By 2050, the ratio of workers to retirees in Europe is expected to be:
2:1
Examples of ecosystem services include:
All of the above. (Forests storing carbon Vegetation preventing erosion. Wild fish providing food.)
Spain and ________ used gold and silver from the Americas to increase their wealth during the colonial period.
Portugal
What are the three main language groups in Europe?
Romance, Germanic, Slav
What river is London is located on?
Thames
Which of the following is not true about the concept of "modernity"?
Thinkers and artists emphasized tradition over innovation
The global movement of air that transports heat and moisture and explains the climates of different regions is called:
atmospheric circulation
Higher mortality rates affecting older Russian men is attributed to:
increasing poverty and alcoholism
The original resource base of the Urals region include:
iron ore, copper, nickel
The "Golden Age" of Russian high culture was:
late 19th and early 20th centuries
How has global warming affected Siberia?
increased forest fires
Compared to men, women in Europe generally earn:
16% less per hour
When was the beginning of the Anthropocene epoch?
1750
When did the Bolshevik Revolution occur?
1917
The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union lasted from:
1950-1989
The Central Asian geosyncline has oil reserves equivalent to ________ of the world's proven reserves.
2.7%
What is the approximate current population of Russia, Central Asia and the Transcaucasus combined?
232 million
In 2012, global fur retail sales totaled more than:
$15 billion
What is Europe's approximate population density per square kilometer?
100
Russia's current population is approximately:
100 million
Europe is home to approximately ________ Muslims.
15-20 million
In 2012, the average number of children per family in Europe was:
1.6
Approximately how many Jews were put to death during the Holocaust?
6 million
Which of the following is the best example of the process of globalization?
All of the above are correct (Consumer demand for iPhones in countries across the world, Production of iPhones occuring through a network of people and places around the world, Apple stores selling iPhones in multiple countries throughout the world)
This natural water body is steadily shrinking as a result of diversion of water for irrigation in Central Asia.
Aral Sea
Which of the following is the largest inland sea in the world?
Caspian
This physiographic region has many important coalfields within Europe.
Central Plateaus
Ethnonationalist movements have occurred in all of the following, except:
Chernobyl
In modern Europe, which of the following is not a legacy of the Roman Empire in the landscape?
Delphi and Olympia
Where is the region of origin for most of the immigrants going to the Netherlands?
Indonesia
The pirozhki is an example of:
hybrid culture of Europe and Asia
Which Russian leader defeated the Tatars at the battle of Kazan?
Ivan the Terrible
Which country defeated Russia in 1904 and halted Russia's territorial expansion?
Japan
The Aral Sea is located mostly in which country?
Kazakhstan
In the 1990s, the most extreme example of ethnic cleansing occurred in the ________ region.
Kosovo
Rising mortality rates and declining health care in Russia, have brought life expectancy levels identical to:
Krygyzstan
The deepest lake in the world is:
Lake Baykal
Which region hosts more than half of the world's biodiversity?
Latin America and Caribbean
Besides the Black Death, what was the other factor halting the "great medieval colonization?"
Little Ice Age
Which of the following has been a "world city" since the 17th century and is influential in contemporary globalization?
London
"Which climate zone is characterized by temperate, persistently wet and somewhat colder climates?"
Marine West Coast climates
What is the climate of South Europe?
Mediterranean
Which of the following is the fastest-growing religious grouping in Russia?
Muslims
Which of the following is an example of irredentism—the claim of government over a minority living outside its borders?
Nazi Germany on Austria
Which country first developed polder landscape techniques?
Netherlands
During the Russian Diaspora of the early 20th century, 1/4 of these migrants settled in which American City?
New York City
Which of these countries never had a Communist government?
None of these countries ever had a Communist government.
The "Southern Crescent" of Europe includes all these cities except:
Paris
Which of the following is the largest of the European peninsulas?
Scandinavian Peninsula
Which of the following is not true about feminism in Europe?
Scandinavian young men are threatened by feminist laws
Which of the following is true about the Chechen independence movement?
Stalin accused Chechens of being Nazi collaborators; Chechnya has major oil and gas reserves
This is the collective name given to a network of overland trade routes that connected China with Mediterranean Europe.
The Silk Road
After the fall of the Soviet Union, some 25 million Russians found themselves to be ethnic minorities in newly independent countries. The largest number of minorities was found in what state?
Ukraine
What mountain range is sometimes used to mark the boundary between Europe and Asia?
Urals
Who was the first leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics?
Vladimir (Nikolai) Lenin
What is xenophobia?
a hate or fear of foreigners
The term "Slavic" denotes both ethnicity and:
a language group
What are Pirozhkis?
a small pie, stuffed with savory meats
This has been the overall result of the European Union's policy toward agriculture.
a withdrawal from mixed farming in Europe
Less than 3% of the European Union workforce is employed in this sector of the economy.
agriculture
Which of the following is true about multinational corporations (MNCs)?
all of the above ( outsource jobs to places with cheaper labor, move jobs from places with regulated labor laws, offshore key assets to host banking countries)
Which of the following is true about Eastern Orthodox Christianity?
all of the above (75% of Russians, result of "the Great Schism" between Rome and Constantinople, rooted in Greek, Slavic, and Middle Eastern traditions)
Which factor(s) weakened the Commonwealth of Independent States?
all of the above (annexation of Crimea Ukraine's departure Eastern Europe's expansion to NATO)
What is a result of European colonialism?
all of the above (forced movement of millions of Africans, wealth derived from resource exploitation in Asia and Africa, political and regional boundaries around the world)
Which of the following is true about Indigenous people in the Russian Arctic?
all of the above (seasonal ice is integral to life, the tundra environment influences culture, Dolgan people herd reindeer)
Which of the following was true about Soviet industrialization?
all of the above (secrecy from external military expansion in less-developed regions regional production complexes environmental problems)
Which of the following is an example of a supranational organization?
all of these (European Union, North American Free Trade Agreement, World Trade Organization)
This term refers to the variety and differences in the types and number of species in different regions of the world.
biodiversity
One of the results of the Post-Soviet economy was the rise of:
business elites
Life expectancies have fallen dramatically in Russia. Today, the leading cause of death in this country is:
cardiovascular disease
What bowl-shaped basins are part of glaciated landscapes in the Northwestern Uplands?
cirque
Massive water diversions irrigated what crop grown in Central Asia:
cotton
Wild bees pollinating human corn crops are an example of _____________.
ecosystem services
What are culturally distinct territories that are surrounded by the territory of different cultural groups?
enclave
How did the BRICS challenge the International Monetary Fund?
established a development bank
Which of the following is true about women in Russia, after the collapse of the Soviet Union?
female salaries, on average, are 64% of male salaries
For the Russian people, the "near abroad" signifies:
former components of the Soviet Union
In 1985, an official policy was introduced by Gorbachev that stressed open government and increased access to information as well as more honest discussion about the country's social issues and concerns. What was this policy called?
glasnost
What does the German word Gastarbeiter mean?
guest worker
1. Which of the following is not true about immigration to Europe?
host populations have combined "European-ness" with Islam
Which of the following is a fertile, wind-borne soil?
loess
The Russian Federation, Central Asia and Transcaucasus region includes the following four climates, except:
maritime
What is a compact chain of mountains separate from other ranges?
massif
After an unsuccessful initiative program, this became the goal of COMECON.
mutual trade among the Soviet bloc
The original purpose of the city of St. Petersburg was:
national capital
The decline of the Mongol Empire in the 16th century saw the rise of:
nomadic people and khans
Chernobyl, Ukraine, has become famous because of this event in 1986.
nuclear reactor accident
What is permafrost?
permanently frozen subsurface material
Beginning around 750 B.C.E., the ancient Greeks developed a series of fortified city states called:
poleis
The Siberian timber industry has transformed from government extraction to:
privatization
What is the concept of reintroducing a key species or its equivalent to an ecosystem?
rewilding
Dissident or banned literature produced through systems of clandestine printing and distribution is called:
samizdat publications
What political institution exercises power over territory and people, and is recognized by other states?
sovereign state
This vegetation type of drought-resistant grasses also refers to a very dry climate, characteristic of southern Russia, Ukraine, and northern Central Asia.
steppe
In which region is the wheat belt of the Russian Federation found? (1)
steppe (1)
Which vegetation type found in the Russian Federation represents a cold-resistant, coniferous forest?
taiga
The provision of services constitutes this form of employment.
tertiary
The region of the Siberian Plain frozen for nine months annually and where cold-resistant vegetation grows is known as:
tundra
In 2008, gas and oil accounted for roughly ________ of Russia's export earnings.
two-thirds
The Russian steppe region is famous for its production of what crop?
wheat