Final Exam Multiple Choice Questions

By 2050, the ratio of workers to retirees in Europe is expected to be:

2:1

Examples of ecosystem services include:

All of the above. (Forests storing carbon Vegetation preventing erosion. Wild fish providing food.)

Spain and ________ used gold and silver from the Americas to increase their wealth during the colonial period.

Portugal

What are the three main language groups in Europe?

Romance, Germanic, Slav

What river is London is located on?

Thames

Which of the following is not true about the concept of "modernity"?

Thinkers and artists emphasized tradition over innovation

The global movement of air that transports heat and moisture and explains the climates of different regions is called:

atmospheric circulation

Higher mortality rates affecting older Russian men is attributed to:

increasing poverty and alcoholism

The original resource base of the Urals region include:

iron ore, copper, nickel

The "Golden Age" of Russian high culture was:

late 19th and early 20th centuries

How has global warming affected Siberia?

increased forest fires

Compared to men, women in Europe generally earn:

16% less per hour

When was the beginning of the Anthropocene epoch?

1750

When did the Bolshevik Revolution occur?

1917

The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union lasted from:

1950-1989

The Central Asian geosyncline has oil reserves equivalent to ________ of the world's proven reserves.

2.7%

What is the approximate current population of Russia, Central Asia and the Transcaucasus combined?

232 million

In 2012, global fur retail sales totaled more than:

$15 billion

What is Europe's approximate population density per square kilometer?

100

Russia's current population is approximately:

100 million

Europe is home to approximately ________ Muslims.

15-20 million

In 2012, the average number of children per family in Europe was:

1.6

Approximately how many Jews were put to death during the Holocaust?

6 million

Which of the following is the best example of the process of globalization?

All of the above are correct (Consumer demand for iPhones in countries across the world, Production of iPhones occuring through a network of people and places around the world, Apple stores selling iPhones in multiple countries throughout the world)

This natural water body is steadily shrinking as a result of diversion of water for irrigation in Central Asia.

Aral Sea

Which of the following is the largest inland sea in the world?

Caspian

This physiographic region has many important coalfields within Europe.

Central Plateaus

Ethnonationalist movements have occurred in all of the following, except:

Chernobyl

In modern Europe, which of the following is not a legacy of the Roman Empire in the landscape?

Delphi and Olympia

Where is the region of origin for most of the immigrants going to the Netherlands?

Indonesia

The pirozhki is an example of:

hybrid culture of Europe and Asia

Which Russian leader defeated the Tatars at the battle of Kazan?

Ivan the Terrible

Which country defeated Russia in 1904 and halted Russia's territorial expansion?

Japan

The Aral Sea is located mostly in which country?

Kazakhstan

In the 1990s, the most extreme example of ethnic cleansing occurred in the ________ region.

Kosovo

Rising mortality rates and declining health care in Russia, have brought life expectancy levels identical to:

Krygyzstan

The deepest lake in the world is:

Lake Baykal

Which region hosts more than half of the world's biodiversity?

Latin America and Caribbean

Besides the Black Death, what was the other factor halting the "great medieval colonization?"

Little Ice Age

Which of the following has been a "world city" since the 17th century and is influential in contemporary globalization?

London

"Which climate zone is characterized by temperate, persistently wet and somewhat colder climates?"

Marine West Coast climates

What is the climate of South Europe?

Mediterranean

Which of the following is the fastest-growing religious grouping in Russia?

Muslims

Which of the following is an example of irredentism—the claim of government over a minority living outside its borders?

Nazi Germany on Austria

Which country first developed polder landscape techniques?

Netherlands

During the Russian Diaspora of the early 20th century, 1/4 of these migrants settled in which American City?

New York City

Which of these countries never had a Communist government?

None of these countries ever had a Communist government.

The "Southern Crescent" of Europe includes all these cities except:

Paris

Which of the following is the largest of the European peninsulas?

Scandinavian Peninsula

Which of the following is not true about feminism in Europe?

Scandinavian young men are threatened by feminist laws

Which of the following is true about the Chechen independence movement?

Stalin accused Chechens of being Nazi collaborators; Chechnya has major oil and gas reserves

This is the collective name given to a network of overland trade routes that connected China with Mediterranean Europe.

The Silk Road

After the fall of the Soviet Union, some 25 million Russians found themselves to be ethnic minorities in newly independent countries. The largest number of minorities was found in what state?

Ukraine

What mountain range is sometimes used to mark the boundary between Europe and Asia?

Urals

Who was the first leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics?

Vladimir (Nikolai) Lenin

What is xenophobia?

a hate or fear of foreigners

The term "Slavic" denotes both ethnicity and:

a language group

What are Pirozhkis?

a small pie, stuffed with savory meats

This has been the overall result of the European Union's policy toward agriculture.

a withdrawal from mixed farming in Europe

Less than 3% of the European Union workforce is employed in this sector of the economy.

agriculture

Which of the following is true about multinational corporations (MNCs)?

all of the above ( outsource jobs to places with cheaper labor, move jobs from places with regulated labor laws, offshore key assets to host banking countries)

Which of the following is true about Eastern Orthodox Christianity?

all of the above (75% of Russians, result of "the Great Schism" between Rome and Constantinople, rooted in Greek, Slavic, and Middle Eastern traditions)

Which factor(s) weakened the Commonwealth of Independent States?

all of the above (annexation of Crimea Ukraine's departure Eastern Europe's expansion to NATO)

What is a result of European colonialism?

all of the above (forced movement of millions of Africans, wealth derived from resource exploitation in Asia and Africa, political and regional boundaries around the world)

Which of the following is true about Indigenous people in the Russian Arctic?

all of the above (seasonal ice is integral to life, the tundra environment influences culture, Dolgan people herd reindeer)

Which of the following was true about Soviet industrialization?

all of the above (secrecy from external military expansion in less-developed regions regional production complexes environmental problems)

Which of the following is an example of a supranational organization?

all of these (European Union, North American Free Trade Agreement, World Trade Organization)

This term refers to the variety and differences in the types and number of species in different regions of the world.

biodiversity

One of the results of the Post-Soviet economy was the rise of:

business elites

Life expectancies have fallen dramatically in Russia. Today, the leading cause of death in this country is:

cardiovascular disease

What bowl-shaped basins are part of glaciated landscapes in the Northwestern Uplands?

cirque

Massive water diversions irrigated what crop grown in Central Asia:

cotton

Wild bees pollinating human corn crops are an example of _____________.

ecosystem services

What are culturally distinct territories that are surrounded by the territory of different cultural groups?

enclave

How did the BRICS challenge the International Monetary Fund?

established a development bank

Which of the following is true about women in Russia, after the collapse of the Soviet Union?

female salaries, on average, are 64% of male salaries

For the Russian people, the "near abroad" signifies:

former components of the Soviet Union

In 1985, an official policy was introduced by Gorbachev that stressed open government and increased access to information as well as more honest discussion about the country's social issues and concerns. What was this policy called?

glasnost

What does the German word Gastarbeiter mean?

guest worker

1. Which of the following is not true about immigration to Europe?

host populations have combined "European-ness" with Islam

Which of the following is a fertile, wind-borne soil?

loess

The Russian Federation, Central Asia and Transcaucasus region includes the following four climates, except:

maritime

What is a compact chain of mountains separate from other ranges?

massif

After an unsuccessful initiative program, this became the goal of COMECON.

mutual trade among the Soviet bloc

The original purpose of the city of St. Petersburg was:

national capital

The decline of the Mongol Empire in the 16th century saw the rise of:

nomadic people and khans

Chernobyl, Ukraine, has become famous because of this event in 1986.

nuclear reactor accident

What is permafrost?

permanently frozen subsurface material

Beginning around 750 B.C.E., the ancient Greeks developed a series of fortified city states called:

poleis

The Siberian timber industry has transformed from government extraction to:

privatization

What is the concept of reintroducing a key species or its equivalent to an ecosystem?

rewilding

Dissident or banned literature produced through systems of clandestine printing and distribution is called:

samizdat publications

What political institution exercises power over territory and people, and is recognized by other states?

sovereign state

This vegetation type of drought-resistant grasses also refers to a very dry climate, characteristic of southern Russia, Ukraine, and northern Central Asia.

steppe

In which region is the wheat belt of the Russian Federation found? (1)

steppe (1)

Which vegetation type found in the Russian Federation represents a cold-resistant, coniferous forest?

taiga

The provision of services constitutes this form of employment.

tertiary

The region of the Siberian Plain frozen for nine months annually and where cold-resistant vegetation grows is known as:

tundra

In 2008, gas and oil accounted for roughly ________ of Russia's export earnings.

two-thirds

The Russian steppe region is famous for its production of what crop?

wheat