Chap 8 sb

The states that border Mexico all have ______ registered lobbyists

800

African Americans are an important part of the Democratic Party's coalition; nearly ______ percent of them regularly vote for Democrats.

90

Which two presidential candidates lost by overwhelming landslides in part because they diverged too far from the middle of the ideological spectrum?

Barry Goldwater George McGovern

Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?

Democratic-Republic and Federalist

True or false: Local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines.

False

Whereas Jefferson's party had operated largely at the leadership level, Jackson sought an

Grassroots party

How have advances in technology affected the free-rider problem?

It has lessened it.

What purpose does party competition serve in American politics?

It narrows down options for voters. It allows groups of voters to act in unison.

Which political leader wrote that the government must dilute the influence of factions and interest groups by filtering their views through properly structured governing institutions?

James Madison

Which of the following are ways in which members of Congress benefit from ties to lobbyists?

Lobbyists testify at committee hearings. Lobbyists identify bills that need their attention. Lobbyists provide information on specific pieces of legislation.

Which of the following states have 800 or more registered lobbyists within the state?

New York, California, and Texas

Which of the following states have closed/partially closed primaries?

North Carolina Florida Nevada

What usually happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a U.S. national election?

One or both major parties will try to co-opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful.

A group that raises and spends money for the purpose of influencing the outcome of an election is known as ______.

Political Action Committee

The strongest ideological party in U.S. history was the ______.

Populist Party

Which of the following statements is true regarding a single-member district electoral system?

The candidate with more votes than any opponent wins the election in the district.

Which of the following statements describe how U.S. campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered?

The same parties are represented nationwide. Candidates organize their own campaigns.

Which of the following are true of grassroots parties?

They are open to all citizens. They operate at the local level.

What has happened to the New England states since the 1980s

They have shifted toward the Democrats.

How did many of the founders of the United States view political parties?

They viewed political parties with suspicion.

True or false: The median voter theorem helps to explain why a party may lose an election when it veers too far from the middle of the ideological spectrum.

True

Modern lobbyists primarily concentrate on providing lawmakers with ______.

arguments and evidence for their position

Which of the following is a way in which special interest groups can donate money to candidates?

by forming a political action committee (PAC)

Although party organizations still manage many tasks related to elections, the lead role in elections now lies with the ______

candidate

______ goods are those that belong to all people and cannot be withheld on an individual basis, such as clean air or water.

collective

Which of the following types of interest groups is not classified as an economic interest group?

consumer

Which of the following help interest groups participate more effectively in group politics?

contacts money skills

Lobbying elected officials includes which of the following activities

face-to-face meetings with members of Congress

The fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic Party is an example of a(n) ______ gap.

gender

In an iron triangle, ______ provide campaign contributions to ______ in order to gain their support for a particular policy proposal.

groups; members of Congress

Political parties began to emerge in the United States ______

in spite of many of the founding fathers' mistrust of them.

Rather than using threats, interest groups tend to influence lawmakers by providing them with

info that supports the group's policy decisions

The interest group strategy that includes face-to-face meetings with legislators and providing policy information to policymakers is known as ______.

inside lobbying

A(n) consists of a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who seek to develop policies beneficial to a particular interest.

iron triangle

Which of the following are private goods?

jobs retirement plans

What percentage of voters today cast a split ticket?

less than 20 percent

______ refers broadly to efforts by groups to influence public policy through contact with public officials.

lobbying

Jobs, higher wages, and tax incentives are all examples of ______ incentives to joining interest groups.

material

A ______ political system is made up of at least three political parties.

multiparty

Which of the following would be considered outside lobbying activities used by interest groups?

organizing a protest on the steps of Congress creating public service announcements to be aired on television having group members send letters to their legislators

______ incentives for joining an interest group include the satisfaction that you are participating in a worthy effort.

purposive

A permanent shift in party allegiances or electoral support is known as a party ______.

realignment

Which type of third party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changed?

reform parties

Third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as ______.

single-issue parties

Which of the following voting blocs migrated to the Republican Party during the 1980s and 1990s?

southern whites

Many voters cast a ______, where they only vote for candidates of one party.

straight ticket

What was Madison's constitutional solution to the problem of factions?

system of checks and balances

America's plurality, or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of ______.

third parties

A state that permits all registered voters, regardless of party affiliation, to vote in a primary election has what type of primary system?

to open

How many major political parties are there in the United States today?

two

The U.S. government functions as a(n) ______ system.

two-party

State parties are involved with which of the following activities?

voter registration & election of US Senators

What three basic elements are usually involved in a party realignment?

- a shift in voters' partisan support in elections - an enduring change in the parties' policies and coalitions - unusually powerful and divisive issues