Final Exam Poli-110-M002 Prep (review of lessons 1-11)

*A country that has complete state ownership of property, no relevant property rights, and does not allow for political opposition or voter choice has which type of political system?* oligarchy fascist socialist communist

*communist*

*Voters who hold beliefs in private property rights and free enterprise, and who want to enhance individual liberty by keeping government small, subscribe to what political ideology?* fascism liberalism communism conservatism

*conservatism*

*The increasing use of television advertising has added to the __________ in political campaigns.* clout bias costs drama

*costs*

*Realigning elections are also known as __________.* special elections critical elections primary elections general elections

*critical elections*

*The number of independent voters increased in the 1970s, indicating a possibility of __________.* converting realignment critical elections dealignment realignment

*dealignment*

*Which of the following was a Progressive Era reform?* establishment of single-member districts establishment of patronage party conventions direct election of senators

*direct election of senators*

*According to political scientist Gary Jacobson, coattail effects are __________.* modest and predictable erratic and modest large and predictable large and unusual

*erratic and modest*

*On election day, __________ inform(s) the public about who voted and why they voted the way they did.* exit polls media consultants campaign events the horse race

*exit polls*

*In The Federalist, No. 10, James Madison described how a government could be designed to control the effects of __________.* factions political parties trade associations monarchies

*factions*

*Which of the following is the most influential factor when voters develop the political attitudes they take into elections?* school self-reflection mass media family

*family*

*When a case that an interest group is interested in, but not actually sponsoring, comes before a court, the group can __________.* meet with judges to explain the group's policy preferences file a petition to get the group added to the list of plaintiffs file an amicus curiae brief to present the group's analysis of the case file an appeal to move the case to a different court

*file an amicus curiae brief to present the group's analysis of the case*

*The __________ problem occurs when people fail to join a group because they can get the benefits the group offers without contributing to the group's efforts.* free rider collective good group coordination pluralist

*free rider*

*To win their parties' nominations, presidential candidates __________.* must win the Iowa caucus have to appeal to the more ideologically intense individuals in their parties try to adopt policy platforms most appealing to moderate, independent voters must raise more money than any of their opponents

*have to appeal to the more ideologically intense individuals in their parties*

*Which of the following changes to the American electoral system would most help minor parties obtain representation?* if more elections in America were decided with winner-take-all systems if more elections in America took place in single-member districts if elections in America were based on proportional representation if ballot access requirements were strengthened

*if elections in America were based on proportional representation*

*Money spent by individuals or groups who are not associated with candidates to elect or defeat candidates for office is known as __________.* soft money outside intervention independent expenditures self-financing

*independent expenditures*

*Ads that typically attack a candidate but allow the sponsor to avoid disclosure and contribution limitations because the ads do not use electioneering language such as "vote for" or "vote against" are classified as __________.* hard money independent expenditures issue advocacy soft money

*issue advocacy*

When politicians try to influence the "spin" the media give to their actions or issues, they engage in which of these? media control issue politicizing issue control issue framing

*issue framing*

*Newsweek, CNN, Fox News, the New York Times, National Public Radio, and the Daily Dish blog are all examples of what?* objective media mass media self-regulation biased media

*mass media*

*To win the general election, presidential candidates have to win support from __________ who often do not vote in primaries.* Evangelical Christians committedly liberal voters moderate and pragmatic voters intensely conservative voters

*moderate and pragmatic voters*

*In terms of their ideology, most people in the United States are __________.* moderate slightly liberal non-ideological slightly conservative

*moderate*

*Minor parties are the most successful in __________.* multiparty systems winner-take-all systems systems operating under Duverger's Law two-party systems

*multiparty systems*

*In __________ electoral systems, parties at the extremes are likely to have more influence.* majoritarian multiparty two-party plurality

*multiparty*

*When is voter turnout lowest?* midterm primary elections special elections municipal primaries midterm general elections

*municipal primaries*

*In between party conventions, the body in charge of the national party is the __________.* campaign committee party in government national caucus national committee

*national committee*

*Of the following, which is more closely associated with social capital?* interests networks attitudes awareness

*networks*

*There is considerable disagreement about how to interpret low voter turnout. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, what is the principal reason that people do not vote?* too busy no interest political ideology registration problems

*no interest*

*One of the various ways that parties contribute to democratic governance is by __________.* narrowing voter choice nominating candidates dividing the electorate reducing accountability mechanisms

*nominating candidates*

*The FCC fined CBS in 2004 for what infamous television violation?* nudity at the Super Bowl half-time show swearing at the Super Bowl half-time show nudity at the World Series opening ceremony swearing at the World Series opening ceremony

*nudity at the Super Bowl half-time show*

*The __________ is the official statement of party policy established by each party every four years.* party code party mandate party literature party platform

*party platform*

*Compared to liberals, conservatives take a more __________ view of human nature.* optimistic holistic biased pessimistic

*pessimistic*

*Which of the following raise money from individuals and then distribute it in the form of contributions to political candidates?* 501(c)3 organizations political action committees 527 organizations coordinating committees

*political action committees*

*An election in which voters determine party nominees is which type of election?* caucus primary general midterm

*primary*

*If you were an official in the Democratic Party in a state that typically goes Republican, you might be in favor of changing the election system to __________.* single-member representation proportional representation straight election winner-take-all

*proportional representation*

You are a consultant hired to advise state legislators on redistricting plans. A prominent party leader suggested packing a district. Given that your job is to explain the full consequences of this action, what is one disadvantage that you should mention? Packing a district can dilute the party's strength in adjacent districts. Packing rarely produces a long-term advantage for a political party. Packing is typically challenged in court. Packing involves complicated logistics.

Packing a district can dilute the party's strength in adjacent districts.

The __________ Amendment says that says that those powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states. Fourteenth First Eighth Tenth

Tenth

Why are executive orders less enduring than formal laws? They can be overturned by state law. They can be vetoed by Congress. They can be reversed by future presidents. They automatically expire after five years.

They can be reversed by future presidents.

What impact did wire services have on the content of news? They led to greater emphasis on local news. They led to greater sensationalism in news coverage. They further strengthened the trend toward objectivity. They led to a decrease in coverage of elections.

They further strengthened the trend toward objectivity.

What did the Framers do to avoid tyranny or monarchy in the executive branch? They included separation of powers in the Constitution. They limited the number of terms a president can serve. They did not allow the president to have military responsibility. They made the president directly elected by the people.

They included separation of powers in the Constitution.

Which institutional resource is closest to the president? Joint Chiefs of Staff Executive Office of the President White House staff the cabinet

White House staff

The gender gap is illustrated in which of the following? Women are more likely than men to vote as Independents. Women are more likely than men to vote for Republican candidates. Women are more likely than men to favor government-provided health insurance. Women are more likely than men to support abortion rights.

Women are more likely than men to favor government-provided health insurance.

What has to happen in Congress before the president can be removed? The Senate can impeach the president by a simple majority; the House does not have a vote. The Senate can impeach the president with a two-thirds majority; the House does not have a vote. The House can impeach the president by a simple majority; the Senate needs a two-thirds majority. The House can impeach the president by a simple majority; the Senate does not have a vote.

The House can impeach the president by a simple majority; the Senate needs a two-thirds majority.

The only way to stop a Senate filibuster is with __________. a party caucus a pocket veto a cloture vote the closed rule

a cloture vote

What is the term for an election in which a candidate can win by getting the most votes, even if it is less than 50 percent of the votes? a plurality a majority a runoff election a recall election

a plurality

The national and state governments may have their own lists of powers, but the national government relies on four constitutional pillars for its ultimate authority over the states. Of the following, which is one of those four pillars? the excise power the full faith and credit clause the equal protection clause the commerce clause

commerce clause

A __________ grant is a large grant to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines. block business federal commerce

block

How does the Constitution guard against tyranny of the majority? by highlighting certain rights, such as freedom of speech by requiring the Supreme Court to issue decisions supported by public opinion by giving states the power to nullify federal laws by requiring free and fair elections

by highlighting certain rights, such as freedom of speech

Prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, how were senators selected? by direct election by state legislators by the president by state governors

by state legislators

Which of the following is a method of ratification for a constitutional amendment? by three-fourths of voting-age citizens by three-fourths of the state governors by half of the state legislatures by three-fourths of the state legislatures

by three-fourths of the state legislatures

What is the principle that each branch of the federal government has the means to thwart or influence actions by other branches of government? checks and freedoms balances and powers freedom and power checks and balances

checks and balances

Which type of federalism is being practiced when a state is forced to operate a program without funding from the U. S. government? coercive cooperative new competitive

coercive

During the period between 1820 and 1830, newspapers began to shift their appeal away from an upper-class, English-speaking readership to which demographic group? common men and women Abolitionists the merchant class the carriage trade

common men and women

A federal program in which states compete with each other to secure grants for education funding is an example of __________. layer-cake federalism competitive federalism restrictive federalism new federalism

competitive federalism

Which of the following is a power delegated to the states? coin money conduct elections create post offices regulate interstate commerce

conduct elections

Recent FCC rulings have produced a trend in media __________. bias regulation independence conglomeration

conglomeration

Sectional distinctions in the United States refer to differences based on __________. geography and region education and wealth census and demographic statistics race and ethnicity

geography and region

What is meant by constitutional democracy? simple participatory democracy required voting by law government by representative politicians voting rights tied to property ownership

government by representative politicians

In The Federalist No. 51, James Madison explained how the Constitution both __________ and __________ powers. democratizes; grants grants; limits centralizes; devolves creates; eliminates

grants; limits

One example of the Framers' intent to insulate the Senate from the tyranny of the majority was to __________. have members appointed by their respective state legislatures have members appointed by incumbent senators give the Senate authority to overturn a Supreme Court decision give the Senate authority to overturn a presidential veto without House ratification

have members appointed by their respective state legislatures

Because of 24/7 news cycles and on-the-spot reporting, many citizens feel their elected leaders should make decisions in what manner? intelligently deliberately instantly collaboratively

instantly

Internet piracy legislation has been proposed as a way to prevent __________ theft. personal property intellectual property patent identity

intellectual property

According to Daniel Bell, the organizing device for the postindustrial era is __________. education technology computer skills knowledge

knowledge

One benefit of the federal system is the ability of the states to operate as __________ for new ideas. classrooms cradles courts laboratories

laboratories

One concern raised by proposals to crack down on Internet piracy is that it might __________. accelerate media consolidation lead to censorship inadvertently cause the Internet to crash limit people's access to the Internet

lead to censorship

California stands out in U.S. politics today because __________. nearly one in eight U.S. citizens lives in the state, making it the most populous state in the Union it has 155 presidential electoral votes, more than any other state it has more members of the U.S. House of Representatives than the next 10 states combined 20 states owe California more than a billion dollars each, making it the largest lender to other states

nearly one in eight U.S. citizens lives in the state, making it the most populous state in the Union

Unlike the Supreme Court or the president, what kind of news coverage is Congress likely to receive? positive negative sporadic balanced

negative

Media outlets that tell people what is happening in the world, regardless of the level of entertainment, are known as __________. news media infotainment subjective journalism objective journalism

news media

Many political and campaign events do not receive attention from the media because news outlets do not consider them to be __________. newsworthy framed opportunistic transparent

newsworthy

What is the idea called that a just government must derive its powers from the people it governs? popular consent equality electoral politics statism

popular consent

The greatest amount of news coverage during political campaigns occurs in which type of race? congressional governor presidential state legislative

presidential

Which of the following is a central feature of capitalism? private property freedom from poverty separation of powers political equality

private property

Historian Charles Beard argued that the primary motive of the Framers of the Constitution was which of the following? westward expansion of the country the enshrinement of the majority rule principle protection of their own economic self-interests protection from foreign threats

protection of their own economic self-interests

Presidents with high levels of __________ have an easier time influencing Congress, while those with low levels find influencing Congress more difficult. third-party connections impeachment power executive privilege public approval

public approval

President Barack Obama __________ because his campaign understood that younger voters get most of their information and news this way. participated in television debates reached out to voters via the Internet appeared on as many magazine covers as possible wrote two memoirs

reached out to voters via the Internet

When social and economic differences buttress one another, making political conflict more intense and polarizing, social scientists call them __________. predisposing cleavages polarizing cleavages cross-cutting cleavages reinforcing cleavages

reinforcing cleavages

Most delegates to the Constitutional Convention accepted the idea of __________. state supremacy executive hegemony republican government direct democracy

republican government

Although not mentioned by name in the Constitution, the Supreme Court interpreted the Constitution, in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), to protect which of the following rights? right to free speech right to make contracts right to bear arms right to privacy

right to privacy

When a gun owner does not agree with an editorial writer's call for a ban on assault rifles, it can be attributed, in part, to her __________. selective exposure regionalism selective perception lack of education

selective perception

When individuals perceive only what they want to in the media, it is known as __________. biased perception political association selective perception political bias

selective perception

How do the majority of people sometimes feel about the quality of news received via the Internet? informed disinterested reassured skeptical

skeptical

Which type of media, with its immediacy, visual imagery, and drama, has an emotional impact that cuts across age groups, educational levels, social classes, and races? newsmagazines newspapers television the Internet

television

What do most campaign consultants believe about negative campaigning? that it is less effective than positive advertising that it suppresses voter turnout that it is effective that it galvanizes the opposition

that it is effective

The Constitution gives __________ the power to draw House district lines. the House the Supreme Court the Senate the states

the states

The Framers of the Constitution did not endorse a national church because __________. they were not people of faith themselves they believed that religious liberty flourishes when there is no official faith they wished for the people to be allowed to vote for a national church they were Deists

they believed that religious liberty flourishes when there is no official faith

What was the original motivation for the creation of the Internet? to create a communications network that could survive a nuclear attack to create new revenue sources for media conglomerates to enable large scale social networking to facilitate communication between government and citizens

to create a communications network that could survive a nuclear attack

In crafting the executive branch, what was the motive behind the decisions of the Constitution's Framers? to create an effective national leader directly tied to the citizens to create a leader with enough authority to protect the nation from domestic and foreign threats but not so strong that he or she would jeopardize liberty to create a strong national leader who would have direct ties to state governors to create a weak national leader that could easily be dominated by Congress

to create a leader with enough authority to protect the nation from domestic and foreign threats but not so strong that he or she would jeopardize liberty

What purpose does the filibuster serve? to force a bill to floor of the House to break a tie vote in the Senate to delay proceedings in the Senate and prevent a vote on a controversial bill to reconcile different versions of a bill

to delay proceedings in the Senate and prevent a vote on a controversial bill

Why were the proceedings of the Constitutional Convention kept secret? to encourage delegates to speak freely to make it difficult for delegates to change their minds after debate and discussion so that foreign leaders wouldn't sabotage the convention so that opponents of the convention wouldn't have easy arguments against decisions made at the convention

to encourage delegates to speak freely

Why did the Framers adopt the separation of powers system? to promote efficiency to ensure flexibility in the governing system to promote democratic rule to prevent autocracy

to prevent autocracy

Which article provides that the Constitution shall be the supreme law of the land? Article VII Article II Article VI Article V

Article VI

In the 1980s, states raised the minimum drinking age to 21. What role did the federal government play in bringing this about? Congress made raising the drinking age an eligibility requirement for a competitive grant program. The Supreme Court issued a decision invalidating state laws that allowed drinking by people under 21. Congress required states to raise the drinking age as a condition for receiving federal highway funding. The president issued an executive order requiring states to raise the drinking age.

Congress required states to raise the drinking age as a condition for receiving federal highway funding.

In the modern history of investigatory journalism, the code name that is associated with Mark Felt is which of the following? Tricky Dick Carl Bernstein Space Ghost Deep Throat

Deep Throat

__________ are conservative Christians who have become an important force in the Republican Party and in some local governments. Fundamentalists Mormons Baptists Catholics

Fundamentalists

Based on the poll conducted by the Pew Global Attitudes Project, which country shows the highest level of agreement on the need to further restrict immigration? Japan China Mexico India

India

*Federal law prevents a state from closing voter registration more than __________ before a federal election.* 6 months 2 months 30 days 15 days

*30 days*

*California has 53 seats in the House of Representatives. How many Electoral College votes does it have?* 12 53 55 25

*55* Every state gets two votes for the two senators they have in congress (because congress is the senate, and every state has 2 senators, no more & no less) in addition to however many seats they have in the house of representatives.

*What was the major achievement of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (LDA)?* All lobbyists are now required to register with the Clerk of the House of Representatives or the Secretary of the Senate. Lobbyist registration and reports are now available to the public online. Disclosure laws now apply to people who indirectly try to influence policy or legislation. Nearly 100 percent of data in all lobbyist reports can now be verified.

*All lobbyists are now required to register with the Clerk of the House of Representatives or the Secretary of the Senate.*

*What television network provides uninterrupted coverage of congressional deliberations and presidential nominating conventions?* MSNBC CNN CBS C-SPAN

*C-SPAN*

*The Supreme Court decision in which case rejected the longstanding ban on unions and corporations using their general funds on ads about the election or defeat of a candidate?* McCain v. Buckley Buckley v. Valeo Citizens United v. FEC McConnell v. FEC

*Citizens United v. FEC*

*The __________ is an independent regulatory agency charged with licensing television and radio stations.* FCC FED FDA EPA

*FCC*

*What organization was created in 1974 to administer new campaign reform laws?* Federal Finance Commission (FFC) U.S. Electoral Commission (USEC) Electoral Finance Commission (EFC) Federal Election Commission (FEC)

*Federal Election Commission (FEC)*

*Which of the following was a success of the Federal Election Campaign Act?* For 20 years, presidential candidates accepted limitations on fund-raising and campaign spending to receive federal matching funds. For 20 years, challengers in congressional elections have had greater success in getting elected, thanks to limitations on campaign fund-raising and spending. Since the law was passed, minor parties have had greater success in getting candidates elected. Since the law was passed, virtually all campaign fund-raising and spending has been fully disclosed.

*For 20 years, presidential candidates accepted limitations on fund-raising and campaign spending to receive federal matching funds.*

*Why do interest groups offer campaign contributions to help elect candidates?* Through campaign contributions, interest groups are able to offer input into the political party platforms. Helping to elect candidates creates a relationship between the interest group and the elected official that the group may be able to exploit later. Helping to elect candidates is the easiest way to influence government policy. Through campaign contributions, interest groups are able to elect their own staff members to positions in government.

*Helping to elect candidates creates a relationship between the interest group and the elected official that the group may be able to exploit later.*

*In a midterm election year, the economy is doing very well. How would you expect the president's party to do?* *If the president's popularity remains the same, his or her party will likely lose seats in the House.* *If the president's popularity remains the same, his or her party will likely gain seats in the House.* *The president's party is likely to lose a number of seats in the House.* *The president's party will neither gain nor lose seats in the House.*

*If the president's popularity remains the same, his or her party will likely gain seats in the House.*

*Which of the following groups is least likely to participate in politics?* Democrats Libertarians Republicans Independents

*Independents*

*How did issue advocacy allow interest groups to circumvent disclosure and contribution limits starting in the mid-1990s?* Any group that defined itself as advocating a single issue was exempt from reporting contributions to the government. Individuals were allowed to select one issue-based interest group and make an unlimited contribution to that group. Interest groups were able to make election ads without words like "vote for" or "vote against." By focusing on issues rather than candidates, interest groups could appeal to a broader segment of the population.

*Interest groups were able to make election ads without words like "vote for" or "vote against."*

*Which of the following is a major criticism of Super PACs?* They have little influence on elections, compared to other types of PACs and interest groups. It is questionable whether they are truly independent of candidates. They are overwhelmingly biased in favor of Democrats. They have little knowledge of the electoral process.

*It is questionable whether they are truly independent of candidates.*

*The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act is also known as the __________.* Palin-Biden Act Reid-Boehner bill McCain-Feingold bill McCain-Kerry bill

*McCain-Feingold bill*

*Congress granted citizenship and voting rights to which group in 1924?* Japanese immigrants ex-Confederate soldiers Native Americans railroad workers

*Native Americans*

*Which U.S. constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote on the national level?* Twenty-Third Nineteenth Sixth Twelfth

*Nineteenth*

*You are the leader of a consumer rights group that has been unable to get a meeting with its elected representative in Congress. How could you get the attention of your legislator on the issues your group cares about?* Draft a bill and introduce it in Congress. File an amicus curiae brief. Contact the Consumer Products Safety Commission. Organize a demonstration in the representative's district and invite the media.

*Organize a demonstration in the representative's district and invite the media.*

*How do PAC contributions differ from independent expenditures?* PAC contributions are given directly to candidates, whereas independent expenditures are not given to candidates. PAC contributions are given to congressional candidates, whereas independent expenditures are given to judicial candidates. PAC contributions are given directly to candidates, whereas independent expenditures are given to political parties. PAC contributions are given to candidates in federal elections, whereas independent expenditures are given to candidates in state elections.

*PAC contributions are given directly to candidates, whereas independent expenditures are not given to candidates.*

*How would you characterize the distribution of PAC money to congressional candidates since 1998?* Contributions to challengers steadily increased through 2012. PAC contributions have decreased significantly. PACs continue to contribute disproportionately to incumbents. Incumbents continue to receive fewer contributions than their challengers.

*PACs continue to contribute disproportionately to incumbents.*

*What is the difference between party regulars and candidate activists?* Party regulars focus on individual candidates, while candidate activists focus on issues. Party regulars are more uncompromising than candidate activists. Party regulars tend to be ideologically driven, while candidate activists are more willing to compromise. Party regulars are more concerned with party cohesiveness, while candidate activists tend to be ideologically driven.

*Party regulars are more concerned with party cohesiveness, while candidate activists tend to be ideologically driven.*

*The lowest rate of voter turnout is among __________.* Pure Independents Libertarians Independent-leaning Democrats Independent-leaning Republicans

*Pure Independents*

*Which minor party candidate may have influenced the 2000 election?* John Anderson Ross Perot George Wallace Ralph Nader

*Ralph Nader*

*Which of the following is a key difference between House and Senate races?* Overall spending on Senate races surpasses overall spending on House races. Super PACs are more involved in House races than in Senate races. Senate elections are more seriously contested than House elections. House elections are more seriously contested than Senate elections.

*Senate elections are more seriously contested than House elections.*

*How has television coverage of politics changed over time?* Television coverage of politics has become increasingly liberal. Television stations now devote more time to reporting on Congress. Television stations now devote less time to reporting on elections. Television coverage of politics now focuses more on policymaking.

*Television stations now devote less time to reporting on elections.*

*Why did the party convention come to replace the caucus as a mechanism to nominate candidates for political office?* The caucus system overly favored urban business interests. The caucus system was too clearly controlled by the executive branch. The caucus system was opaque, favoring party elites and incumbents. The caucus system was inefficient and arbitrary.

*The caucus system was opaque, favoring party elites and incumbents.*

*Which of the following was a consequence of Wisconsin's 2011 law limiting public employee union rights?* The number of union members fell sharply. The state experienced a shortage of public school teachers. The number of union members rose dramatically as public sector workers fought to repeal the law. Governor Scott Walker was voted out of office in a recall election.

*The number of union members fell sharply.*

*Which of the following is a requirement for third-party candidates to participate in presidential debates?* They must officially register as presidential candidates with the Commission on Presidential Debates. They must be on the ballot in enough states to be able to win the election. They must have an average of 5 percent or higher in five major election polls. They must meet a minimum fund-raising threshold.

*They must be on the ballot in enough states to be able to win the election.*

*Collective bargaining is a process whereby which of the following occurs?* Interest group leaders solicit input from their members about the group's goals. Members of Congress debate the merits of a bill. PAC contributors decide how to distribute their funds. Unions represent a group of employees in negotiations with management.

*Unions represent a group of employees in negotiations with management.*

*How is a Super PAC different from a PAC?* Unlike PACs, Super PACs are allowed to endorse candidates. Unlike PACs, Super PACs may accept donations of any size. Super PACs are formed when two or more PACs join together to raise funds for a particular candidate. PACs operate on the state level, while Super PACs are involved in politics on a national scale.

*Unlike PACs, Super PACs may accept donations of any size.*

*How does contemporary liberalism differ from classical liberalism?* Unlike classical liberals, contemporary liberals favor limited government involvement in foreign affairs. Unlike classical liberals, contemporary liberals believe that government intervention in the economy is necessary. Contemporary liberals focus more on morality and lifestyle. Contemporary liberals place greater emphasis on individualism.

*Unlike classical liberals, contemporary liberals believe that government intervention in the economy is necessary.*

*In what way do libertarians and conservatives differ?* Unlike libertarians, conservatives cherish individual liberties. Unlike conservatives, libertarians favor government regulation of the financial markets. Unlike conservatives, libertarians oppose restrictions on illicit drugs. Unlike libertarians, conservatives favor deregulation.

*Unlike conservatives, libertarians oppose restrictions on illicit drugs.*

*Which of the following is true of network news programs on ABC, CBS, and NBC?* They provide more comprehensive coverage than radio programs. They have been surpassed by cable news in terms of viewership. They are biased in a liberal direction. Viewership has decreased dramatically since the late 1980s.

*Viewership has decreased dramatically since the late 1980s.*

*Which of the following is an example of a public interest group?* a labor union a professional association a consumer rights group a group representing a state government

*a consumer rights group*

*A minority reporter would be most likely to work at which of the following outlets?* a local newspaper a radio station a national newspaper a local television station

*a national newspaper*

*You are a lawyer who believes that the standards for admission to the state bar have been set too low. What type of group should you form to attempt to change the admission standards?* a professional association a labor union a public interest group a trade association

*a professional association*

*The majority of Americans sees the press as __________.* more conservative than liberal unlikely to mold public opinion biased toward a particular political party a watchdog over the government

*a watchdog over the government*

*A "permanent Congress" is a result of __________.* advantages held by incumbents coattail effects the Supreme Court's ruling in Pelosi v. Constituents high levels of competition in House elections

*advantages held by incumbents*

*Crossover voting is permitted in what type of primary?* a closed primary an open primary a partisan primary a direct primary

*an open primary*

*An election with no incumbent running is called __________.* a toss-up a referendum party polling an open seat

*an open seat*

*Most people acquire party identification at which age?* in their 20s in their 40s as children as teenagers

*as children*

*What term is used to describe an interest group that appears to be grassroots, but whose activity is orchestrated or initiated centrally?* closed shop astroturf free rider elitist

*astroturf* it's funny, because astroturf is literally fake grass. So, if a grassroots supporter is a real and organic supporter (starting on the ground, at the bottom and most local level) supporting politicians at the top, then astroturf would be a fake person that politicians hire to pretend that they have real, honest, hard-working, humble and credible supporters.

*In most parliamentary democracies, the party in power calls elections __________.* at fixed intervals of two years at a time of the party's choosing only when the government receives a no-confidence vote every five years on average

*at a time of the party's choosing*

*How do lobbyists typically seek to influence members of Congress?* by filing amicus curiae briefs by providing technical assistance on policy issues by organizing protests and demonstrations on Capitol Hill by introducing bills

*by providing technical assistance on policy issues*

*How could a local government overcome the free rider problem with respect to providing street lights?* by forming a trade association to lobby the state legislature by asking residents to donate money to pay for the lights by forming a public sector interest group to lobby the state legislature by requiring residents to pay taxes to pay for the lights

*by requiring residents to pay taxes to pay for the lights*

*One strategy you could use as a candidate during the primaries to manage media expectations would be to __________.* claim you will probably not do very well so that your actual results look "better than expected" claim that you will probably do very well so that your actual results will not get much attention avoid as much media attention as possible enlist the media in critiquing your opponents' positions

*claim you will probably not do very well so that your actual results look "better than expected"*

*Which of the following is an activity that lobbyists regularly engage in?* speaking on behalf of elected officials at press conferences answering e-mails from elected officials' constituents providing legal counsel to interest groups in court cases providing elected officials with information about an interest group's position on a bill or issue

*providing elected officials with information about an interest group's position on a bill or issue*

*What is the key to ensuring that a relatively small number of people can accurately represent the opinions of a larger population?* indexing response rate random sampling question format

*random sampling*

*Libertarians support which of the following?* repealing laws regulating abortion creating programs to protect children from drugs taxing the wealthy more heavily instituting a public jobs program

*repealing laws regulating abortion*

*In the U.S. political system, a vote for a minor party candidate is considered a wasted vote. What election reform would decrease the likelihood of a vote being wasted on an unelectable candidate?* single-member districts runoff elections caucuses Duverger's Law

*runoff elections*

*Which type of survey question is best formulated to address concerns about errors in public opinion polling resulting from difficulty in measuring intensity?* yes-or-no questions approve-or-disapprove questions scale questions close-ended questions

*scale questions*

*While the United States has had several minor parties, only the two major parties have much of a chance to win elections. What features of the U.S. political system contribute to the dominance of two parties?* single-member districts and a nonpartisan blanket primary system multimember districts and a proportional voting system single-member districts and a winner-take-all voting system multimember districts and a winner-take-all voting system

*single-member districts and a winner-take-all voting system*

*Money that can be raised in unlimited amounts for party-building purposes is called __________.* party-independent expenditures soft money coordinated expenditures hard money

*soft money*

*An interest group's success depends not only on its size, but also its __________, or the extent to which its membership is concentrated or dispersed.* unity spread cohesion diversity

*spread*

*Which of the following is an example of an economic interest group?* the American Association of Retired People (AARP) the Chamber of Commerce the National Education Association the National Organization for Women

*the Chamber of Commerce*

*Interest groups use __________ to obtain the specific language and deadlines of proposed regulations.* amicus curiae briefs issue networks collective bargaining the Federal Register

*the Federal Register*

*What is the top circulating U.S. newspaper?* the Wall Street Journal the New York Times the Washington Post USA Today

*the Wall Street Journal*

*Which of the following probably has the MOST impact on who wins a presidential election?* the state of foreign affairs the current state of the economy which candidate has aired the most ads which candidate is backed by unions

*the current state of the economy*

*People tend to belong to the same political party as __________.* their neighbors their parents their close friends their peers

*their parents*

*As a result of the Voting Rights Act and the ban on the poll tax, __________.* the Republican Party became stronger in the South there was a dramatic expansion of registration and voting by African Americans registration increased, but overall voter turnout decreased the Democratic Party became stronger in the South

*there was a dramatic expansion of registration and voting by African Americans*

*How does the Democratic Party allocate delegates at the national party convention?* through a winner-take-all system, with all of a state's delegates going to the winner of the primary through a proportional system, in which candidates receive delegates in proportion to their share of the primary vote through a vote of the "superdelegates" through a combination of winner-take-all and proportional voting

*through a proportional system, in which candidates receive delegates in proportion to their share of the primary vote*

*Duverger's Law is associated with which of the following?* two-party systems multiparty systems national party committees party identifiers in the electorate

*two-party systems*

*In public opinion research, the _________ is the group of people whose preferences the researcher wants to measure.* demographic group sample universe subject group

*universe*

*Who is included in the "party in the electorate"?* delegates to the national party convention party officers who educate the public on party policies voters registered with the political parties public officials who are registered with one major party

*voters registered with the political parties*

*In which of the following situations would a presidential election MOST likely be decided by the House of Representatives?* when Democrats control the House but Republicans control the Senate when there are three or more strong candidates running when the same party controls both Congress and the White House during a time of war

*when there are three or more strong candidates running*

*Although as a group, African Americans vote at lower rates than white Americans, when are African Americans likely to vote at the same rate as Caucasians?* when their income levels mirror those of white Americans when they have college degrees when they live in geographic zones other than the Deep South when they are part of two-earner families

*when they have college degrees*

*Before the advent of objective journalism in the early twentieth century, __________ focused on exaggeration and sensationalism.* junk journalism biased journalism yellow journalism party journalism

*yellow journalism*

To be elected to the Senate, one must be __________. 30 years old and a citizen for 7 years 25 years old and a citizen for 9 years 25 years old and a citizen for 7 years 30 years old and a citizen for 9 years

30 years old and a citizen for 9 years

The House Ways and Means Committee is so powerful because __________. it both raises and authorizes spending it has the power to reconcile different versions of a bill it has the power to set the terms of floor debate it both authorizes spending and appropriates funds

?????

What position would a centralist be most likely to take on the restrictive immigration laws in Arizona and Alabama? A centralist would support Arizona's law, but oppose Alabama's. A centralist would oppose these laws, based on a preference for a consistent national policy over varying state policies. A centralist would support these laws, based on the principle that each state should be able to create its own immigration policy. A centralist would oppose both policies on the grounds that government should not be involved in immigration issues.

A centralist would oppose these laws, based on a preference for a consistent national policy over varying state policies.

In terms of media consumption, how does the United States differ from other countries? A higher percentage of Americans turn to the Internet for news. A lower percentage of Americans read newspapers. A higher percentage of Americans rely on the radio for news and information. A lower percentage of Americans pay attention to political news.

A higher percentage of Americans turn to the Internet for news.

In a speech at the U.S. Air Force Academy, President Obama stated, "Never bet against the United States . . . the United States has been, and will always be, the one indispensable nation in world affairs." What belief is illustrated in this quotation? American diplomacy American exceptionalism manifest destiny ethnocentrism

American exceptionalism

As education is a good predictor of political participation, which racial groups would be most likely to be politically active? blacks and whites Asian/Pacific Islanders and whites whites and Hispanics Hispanics and Asian/Pacific Islanders

Asian/Pacific Islanders and whites

A bill has made its way to the final floor debate in the Senate before a vote will be taken. You are a senator who opposes the bill. How can you decrease the odds that the bill will pass? Give the bill an unfavorable markup. Attach a rider. Propose a closed rule. Issue a pocket veto.

Attach a rider.

__________ committees pass the laws that set policy, whereas __________ committees determine funding levels. Budget; revenue Authorizing; oversight Budget; appropriations Authorizing; appropriations

Authorizing; appropriations

How might domestic or international crises affect presidential politics? Crises lead to drops in presidential approval ratings, making passage of their agendas more difficult. Crises make presidents more politically cautious. Crises permanently increase presidential approval ratings, guaranteeing reelection. Crises tend to temporarily increase presidential approval ratings, providing windows of opportunity to press for action on their agendas.

Crises tend to temporarily increase presidential approval ratings, providing windows of opportunity to press for action on their agendas.

How do some members of Congress justify the practice of earmarking federal funds? Earmarks are evenly distributed across congressional districts. Earmarks are a legitimate way to give taxpayers a fair return on their taxes. Earmarks do not increase the federal budget deficit. Earmarks are dedicated to helping the poor and disabled.

Earmarks are a legitimate way to give taxpayers a fair return on their taxes.

Which of the following is an example of a rally point? George W. Bush's popularity was boosted following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. George H. W. Bush was reelected after winning the first Gulf War. During the Watergate investigation, Richard Nixon's approval ratings soared. Ronald Reagan's approval rating increased sharply during the Iran-Contra scandal.

George W. Bush's popularity was boosted following the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

What role did George Washington play in the Constitutional Convention? He presided over the meeting, but spoke little during deliberations. He represented the views of the Antifederalists. He was the chief negotiator of the three-fifths compromise. He did not attend the convention, though he supported the creation of a new constitution.

He presided over the meeting, but spoke little during deliberations.

Which of the following is a limitation on states' taxing authority? It cannot unduly burden commerce among the states. It must be used to fund public services. It cannot unduly burden commerce within a state. It cannot exceed a federal tax on the same goods or services.

It cannot unduly burden commerce among the states.

How has competition from cable news stations influenced broadcast news coverage? It has led broadcast news to provide more objective news coverage. It has led broadcast news to adopt an ideological perspective. It has led broadcast news to provide extended news coverage. It has led broadcast news to boost its entertainment value.

It has led broadcast news to boost its entertainment value.

How did the penny press alter the content of news? It led to an increase in human-interest stories. It led to more objectivity in news coverage. It led to more liberal news coverage. It led to more political coverage.

It led to an increase in human-interest stories.

Which of the following is a drawback of divided government? It makes Congress unable to check the power of the president. It leads to a significant decrease in governmental performance. It makes it difficult for voters to hold anyone or any party accountable. It leads to lower trust in government.

It makes it difficult for voters to hold anyone or any party accountable.

Which of the following is true of judicial review? It originated in the United States and has been adopted by many other countries. It has been used only twice in U.S. history. The United States is the only country in which judicial review is legal. It has given the president significant power over the judiciary in the United States.

It originated in the United States and has been adopted by many other countries.

If the 2010 census had employed statistical sampling, how would the count have changed? It would have produced a more accurate count of inner-city Hispanics and African Americans. It would have produced a more accurate count of the population aged 18 and younger. It would have produced a more accurate count of non-Hispanic whites. It would not have had a significant impact on the count.

It would have produced a more accurate count of inner-city Hispanics and African Americans.

The highest poverty rates in the United States occur among __________. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Hispanic Americans Native Americans and Alaskan Natives African Americans

Native Americans and Alaskan Natives

Recent changes to the age of the American population are most likely to put a strain on which of the following? public schools national security immigration services Medicare

Medicare

Which statement is true of the House of Representatives? Members are elected every four years and apportioned to states based on population. Members are elected every two years and apportioned to states based on geographic size. Members are elected every two years and apportioned to states based on population. Members are elected every four years and apportioned to states based on geographic size.

Members are elected every two years and apportioned to states based on population.

The __________ counsels the president on how much money should be distributed to each government agency and reports on each agency's effectiveness. Office of Management and Budget secretary of commerce secretary of the treasury chief of staff

Office of Management and Budget

Which of the following is an example of an executive order? President Obama's proposal to reform health care policy President Nixon's order to hold back funding for the Clean Water Act President Obama's order raising the minimum wage of federal contractors President Bush's order to send troops to Afghanistan

President Obama's order raising the minimum wage of federal contractors

__________ is the process of allotting congressional seats to each state according to its proportion of the population. Gerrymandering Redistricting Delegation Reapportionment

Reapportionment

. In the House of Representatives, the __________ decides who will speak on the floor and rules on points of order. president pro tempore majority leader Speaker majority whip

Speaker

Which of the following demonstrates the impact of the privileges and immunities clause on state governments? States must enforce judicial settlements from other states. States must return individuals charged with crimes to the states in which the alleged crimes occurred. States must comply with federal law when federal and state laws conflict. States may not impose unreasonable residency requirements.

States may not impose unreasonable residency requirements.

How does the White House staff differ from the president's cabinet? The White House staff has greater access to and more influence on the president than does the cabinet. The cabinet is less democratic and less accountable than the White House staff. The cabinet has more access to the president than does the White House staff. The president can fire the White House staff but only Congress can dismiss a member of the cabinet.

The White House staff has greater access to and more influence on the president than does the cabinet.

__________, the total value of someone's possessions, is more concentrated than __________. Income; wealth Wealth; income Wealth; debt Income; assets

Wealth; income

Using a photo op and a large gathering of supporters to convey a specific message as to whom the candidate really is, the politician is creating which of these? a television operation a campaign event a horse race a social event

a campaign event

In which type of election is news coverage likely to be most influential? a presidential election a Senate race a city council election a House race

a city council election

What was The Federalist? a device by the Antifederalists to encourage opposition to the Annapolis Convention a book written by Thomas Jefferson while he was in Paris as the U.S. ambassador to France a series of essays written to encourage ratification of the proposed Constitution a book written by George Washington explaining the reasons for American independence

a series of essays written to encourage ratification of the proposed Constitution

What did the Federalists favor? strong economic ties to Europe an all-powerful central government a strong central government, relative to the state governments strong state governments, relative to the central government

a strong central government, relative to the state governments

What power gives the Senate the ability to shape the federal judiciary far into the future? oversight advice and consent unanimous consent rescission

advice and consent

What was Shays' Rebellion? the initial uprising by the Americans against the British in 1753 a demonstration of the need for every state to deal with domestic unrest on its own a revolt by slaves in South Carolina that led to the inclusion of the three-fifths compromise in the Constitution an uprising by farmers in western Massachusetts protesting mortgage foreclosures

an uprising by farmers in western Massachusetts protesting mortgage foreclosures

In which capacity is a modern vice president particularly influential in American politics? as an adviser in the policy-making process as a lead negotiator for executive agreements as presiding officer of the Senate as a leader of the cabinet

as an adviser in the policy-making process

Why are senators more vulnerable to defeat than their colleagues in the House? because voter turnout is higher in Senate races because Senate races are influenced by gerrymandering because Senate candidates are more evenly matched in spending because citizens are more aware of senators' voting patterns

because Senate candidates are more evenly matched in spending

Why is the South becoming less distinct? because of the large number of people leaving the South because it is becoming more racially homogenous because it is becoming more balanced between Democrats and Republicans because of the large number of people moving to the South from other regions

because of the large number of people moving to the South from other regions

Most U.S. news media are committed to __________. expressing conservative viewpoints providing international coverage expressing liberal viewpoints being unbiased

being unbiased

What are the two types of powers given to the national government under the United States Constitution? suggested; explicit implied; explicit delegated; implied express; suggested

delegated; implied

Which of the following is a major reason the U.S. Constitution has endured for 225 years? due to the face that it created an independent judiciary due to the power it concentrates in the chief executive due to the public's widespread acceptance of the Constitution due to the fact that it gives most power to the states

due to the public's widespread acceptance of the Constitution

Article IV, Section 1, the "full faith and credit" clause, applies primarily to __________. allowing recognition of foreign laws in the United States sorting out jurisdiction in criminal proceedings between two different states enforcing judicial settlements and court awards laws between states

enforcing judicial settlements and court awards

The U.S. government's commitment to public education through Head Start, a program for disadvantaged preschool children, reflects Americans' belief in __________. balanced government political equality individualism equal opportunity

equal opportunity

In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court decided that segregation by race violated which of the following? full faith and credit clause necessary and proper clause equal protection clause due process clause

equal protection clause

The use of __________ in foreign matters is an example of the president acting as diplomat in chief. executive agreements executive orders executive privilege pocket vetoes

executive agreements

Based on the Constitution's Take Care clause, __________ direct specific actions by government as a whole or individual departments or agencies, but do not have the force of law. executive orders executive memoranda signing statements executive agreements

executive memoranda

Which of the following carries the full force of law and does not require congressional approval, although it is subject to legal challenge? impoundment executive privilege executive order constitutional elaboration

executive order

Which of the following describes the power of the president to keep communications confidential? separation of powers impoundment constitutional restriction executive privilege

executive privilege

Which of the following is the best characterization of the Framers of the Constitution? spokesmen for the average person visionary idealists political philosophers experienced, practical politicians

experienced, practical politicians

What was the most important means the Framers used to make sure government officials would observe the constitutional limits on their powers? partisanship unified government the Electoral College free and fair elections

free and fair elections

A __________ is one tactic to signal the leadership that a Senate member may have objections to a bill. referral markup pocket veto hold

hold

The network news is reporting that a prominent U.S. Senate race is very close, with the polls showing that the incumbent leads the challenger by just two percentage points. This is an example of what type of news coverage? horse race coverage partisan-based non-substantive yellow journalism

horse race coverage

When did the era of "objective journalism" begin? in the early twentieth century in the early 1800s in the 1870s in the 1950s

in the early twentieth century

The role media played in revealing the National Security Administration's secret surveillance operation is an example of __________ journalism. television gonzo new investigatory

investigatory

Some of those who object to free trade with China are drawing attention to Chinese human rights abuses. This type of action is known as what? socializing political socialization issue framing media bias

issue framing

James Madison sought to prevent the tyranny of the __________ by distributing governmental authority among several branches. minority majority wealthy king

majority

The true leader of the Senate is the __________, elected by the majority party. Senate chair president pro tempore majority leader Speaker

majority leader

Governance according to the expressed preferences of the majority is known as which of the following? individual rights majority rule plurality principle tyranny of the majority

majority rule

George W. Bush's decision to embed reporters in the Iraq War was an example of an elected official __________ the news coverage. clarifying exposing manipulating repudiating

manipulating

The power of both the state and federal governments to levy taxes is an example of __________. a mandate layer-cake federalism devolution marble-cake federalism

marble-cake federalism

Rupert Murdoch's ownership of numerous television stations, newspapers, and other media companies is an example of __________. the privatization of the news pack journalism media consolidation media fragmentation

media consolidation

Image making in politics has resulted in an increased number of what? political contributions CEOs journalists media consultants

media consultants

The Internet began as a(n) __________. military project in the 1960s project by Google bet between two math professors outgrowth of IBM's interest in computers

military project in the 1960s

Franklin Delano Roosevelt's use of the "fireside" radio chats is an example of which role that presidents play? morale builder president as role model president as persuader agenda setter

morale builder

What best explains the overwhelming advantage incumbents possess in seeking reelection? name recognition, access to media, and useful connections additional financial support from constituent taxes name recognition, free postage, and access to district taxes additional financial support from the federal government campaign fund

name recognition, access to media, and useful connections

Creating stable and enduring governments that respect basic human rights is referred to as __________. constitutionalism democratic consensus nation building federalism

nation building

On what basis did the Supreme Court uphold the portion of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that requires Americans to purchase health insurance? on the basis of Congress's taxing authority on the basis of the supremacy clause on the basis of Congress's authority to regulate interstate commerce on the basis of the equal protection clause

on the basis of Congress's taxing authority

According to U.S. Bureau of the Census projections, the non-Hispanic white American population will decline to about what fraction of the population by the year 2050? one-third two-thirds one-half one-quarter

one-half

Fundamentalists typically take which of the following positions? support of women's rights support of affirmative action opposition to public education funding opposition to gun control

opposition to gun control

If one political party controls Congress or one of its chambers and the other party controls the White House, which of the following is intensified? influence of the Electoral College partisanship power of the president autocracy

partisanship

The __________ enabled newspapers to be more financially independent, moving away from the financial support of political parties to profit from an expanded circulation and advertising. yearly subscription fees penny press quarterly subscription fees reliance on home delivery

penny press

You are a member of the House of Representatives and wish to introduce a bill. What do you do? offer the bill as an amendment to pending legislation offer the bill to the Speaker of the House announce the bill on the floor after a motion to the presiding officer place the bill in the hopper

place the bill in the hopper

A disadvantage of federalism is that variations in which of the following can create redundancies, inefficiencies, and inequalities? resources attitudes education policies

policies

Outside of family, the media is one of the strongest factors in __________. the horse race selective perception objectivity political socialization

political socialization

The process by which individuals develop their political attitudes, values, and beliefs is called __________. social development cultural assimilation political socialization peer influence

political socialization

In the 1960s, southern segregationists used the creed of __________ to justify their views. equal opportunity states' rights manifest destiny American exceptionalism

states' rights

Article VI of the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law is __________ in conflicts between federal and state law. supreme irrelevant secondary persuasive authority

supreme

The notion of inherent powers is derived from the __________ clause. take care veto power war power impeachment

take care

More than any other invention, __________ has changed U.S. politics. the printing press television Facebook radio

television

Politicians who want to raise taxes on the wealthy are often accused of "class warfare." What is implied in this accusation? that people should not perceive themselves in terms of social class that revolution is imminent that the upper and lower classes have nothing in common that the middle class is the most politically moderate

that people should not perceive themselves in terms of social class

The Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison hinged on an interpretation of __________. the privileges and immunities clause in Article IV the Court's original jurisdiction in Article III the commerce clause in Article I the necessary and proper clause in Article I

the Court's original jurisdiction in Article III

The closest contemporary example of a confederation is __________. the Arab League China Great Britain the European Union

the European Union

Which of the following is a policy office within the White House? the press office the Environmental Protection Agency the presidential campaign committee the National Economic Council

the National Economic Council

As a delegate from a small state at the Constitutional Convention, you would have been most likely to support which of the following as the basis for representation in the legislature? the supremacy clause the Connecticut Plan the New Jersey Plan the bicameral plan

the New Jersey Plan

Ohio is part of what sectional grouping of states? the Snow Belt the Rust Belt the Battleground States the Bible Belt

the Rust Belt

Decentralists justify their position on the basis of __________. the Tenth Amendment the Supreme Court's decision in Gibbons v. Ogden The Federalist Article I of the Constitution

the Tenth Amendment

Despite their formal powers, presidents need to exercise which of the following leadership abilities to be successful? the ability to negotiate treaties the ability to persuade members of Congress and the American public the ability to enter into executive agreements the ability to write legislation

the ability to persuade members of Congress and the American public

What was the turning point that gave rise to the modern institutional presidency? the social strife arising from the civil rights movement the demands of managing a modern army during World War I the rise and importance of television as a mechanism that brought the president into the living rooms of American citizens the economic and social turmoil of the Great Depression

the economic and social turmoil of the Great Depression

Which of the following is an enumerated power of Congress? the power to issue executive orders the power to make treaties the power to lay and collect taxes the power to appoint federal judges

the power to lay and collect taxes

What political actor is considered newsworthy in any public activity, regardless of whether it has a political function? the Speaker of the House the president the Senate majority leader the vice president

the president

Why was the War Powers Resolution (1973) adopted by Congress? to expand the powers of the president in the conduct of war to limit the powers of the military-industrial complex in influencing foreign policy to empower the president to act unilaterally when American troops are in harm's way to reinvigorate the role of Congress in the conduct of war

to reinvigorate the role of Congress in the conduct of war

The Executive Office of the President was created in 1939 to serve what purpose? to supervise the growing federal government to lobby Congress in defense of the president's budget to prepare the president's budget to assess legislative proposals for budgetary issues

to supervise the growing federal government

An advantage of federalism is that it checks the growth of which of the following? tyranny wealth violence inequality

tyranny

James Madison stated that the accumulation of all powers—legislative, executive, and judiciary—in the same hands is the definition of which of the following? majority centralization tyranny democracy

tyranny

James Madison warned that one of the greatest sources of faction is __________. ethnicity immigration religion unequal distribution of property

unequal distribution of property

Governance in which one party controls both the White House and both houses of Congress is referred to as what? checks and balances unified government divided government autocracy

unified government

In a(n) __________ system, local and regional governments derive authority from the national government. federal constitutional bicameral unitary

unitary

When are bills introduced in Congress most likely to meet their demise? after the final floor debate after they arrive on the president's desk after being read into the congressional record upon referral to a committee or subcommittee

upon referral to a committee or subcommittee

Presidents often use the __________ clause to argue that they control everything that happens in the executive branch after a bill becomes law. due process commerce necessary and proper vesting

vesting

Members of Congress differ from the larger American population in that they are disproportionately__________. socially and fiscally moderate socially liberal and fiscally conservative socially conservative and fiscally liberal white, upper middle class, and male

white, upper middle class, and male

The decline in newspaper readership is especially pronounced among __________. the elderly nonvoters young people Independent voters

young people