Final exam review (exam 1 questions)

23) The hypothalamus controls secretion in the adenohypophysis by A) direct neural stimulation. B) indirect osmotic control. C) secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system. D) altering ion concenrauons and pH in the

C) secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system.

37) Vasopressin is a common term for this hormone. A) ADH B) GH C) oxytocin D) prolactin E) TSH

A) ADH

18) Type II diabetes is characterized by A) a lack of response by target cells to insulin. B) a decrease in secretion by pancreatic beta cells. C) excessive secretion of glucagon. D) inadequate insulin production. E) low blood-glucose concentration.

A) a lack of response by target cells to insulin.

30) All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they A) are produced by the adrenal medulla. B) are derived from cholesterol. C) are produced by reproductive glands. D) bind to receptors within the cell. E) are lipids.

A) are produced by the adrenal medulla.

11) The humoral control of hormone release may be triggered by which of the following factors? A) blood level of an ion like calcium B) blood level of a pituitary hormone C) blood level of a hypothalamic hormone D) nervous stimuli E) neurotransmitter activation

A) blood level of an ion like calcium

27) The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n). organ. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) renal D) muscular E) hepatic

A) endocrine

41) A tumor in the pituitary gland could directly result in all of the following except A) hypercortisolism. B) pituitary dwarfism. C) diabetes insipidus. D) gigantism. E) hypogonadism.

A) hypercortisolism.

10) Hormonal actions on cells affect all of the following except A) quantities of enzymes. B) activities of enzymes. C) synthesis of enzymes. D) gating of ion channels. E) thickness of the plasma membrane.

Answer: E

9) Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except A) peptides. B) steroids. C) eicosanoids. D) amino acid derivatives. E) acetylcholine derivatives.

Answer: E

39) Milk production is stimulated by milk ejection is stimulated by A) somatomedin; MSH B) prolactin; oxytocin C) oxytocin; prolactin D) MSH; somatomedin E) LH; FSH

B) prolactin; oxytocin

20) If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). A) alarm B) resistance C) exhaustion D) extension E) prolonged

B) resistance

42) Hormones that stimulate endocrine glands to release other hormones are A) humoral. B) tropic. C) reflexive. D) up-regulators. E) paracrine factors.

B) tropic.

28) Neurons of the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture A) CRF and GNRH. B) TSH and FSH. C) ADH and oxytocin. D) FSH and PRL. E) GHIH and GHRH.

C) ADH and oxytocin.

8) Steroid hormones A) are proteins. B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes. C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. D) act on target ceis by acivaung second

C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

24) Hypophyseal portal system capillaries are A) lined by tight junctions. B) lined by microglial cells. C) fenestrated. D) impermeable. E) lined by podocytes.

C) fenestrated.

36) Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in A) diabetes insipidus. B) a diabetogenic effect. C) hypogonadism. D) a glucose-sparing effect. E) hypocortisolism.

C) hypogonadism.

19) During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is A) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. B) decreased mental alertness. C) mobilization of energy reserves. D) increased urine release. E) decreased rate of respiration.

C) mobilization of energy reserves.

31) Growth hormone does all of the following except A) promote bone growth. B) promote muscle growth. C) promote cortisol release. D) spare glucose. E) promote amino acid uptake by cells.

C) promote cortisol release.

2) Endocrine cells A) are a type of nerve cell. B) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface. C) release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood. D) contain few vesicles. E) are modified connective tissue cells.

C) release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.

46) Excess production of hormones by the zona reticularis may lead to which disorder? A) aldosteronism B) gigantism C) pheochromocytoma D) adrenogenital syndrome E) Cushing's disease

D) adrenogenital syndrome

22) Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of the following hormones? A) somatostatin B) thyroxine C) growth hormone D) androgens E) insulin

D) androgens

6) Hormones known as "catecholamines" are A) lipids. B) peptides. C) steroids. D) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. E) derivatives of reproductive glands.

D) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.

26) The most complex endocrine responses involve the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) adrenal glands. D) hypothalamus. E) thymus glang.

D) hypothalamus.

38) The pituitary gland is located within this structure. A) the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone B) hypoglossal canal C) crista galli D) sella turcica of the sphenoid bone E) petrous part orme temporanpone

D) sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

29) Peptide hormones are

Produced by the adrenal glands

32) The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH

14) Cells that respond to a hormone are called cells

Target

45) Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

Thyroid gland

13) If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose?

glucagon

47) During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),

lipid reserves are mobilized.

33) The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce or store how many hormones?

9

23) The hypothalamus controls secretion in the adenohypophysis by A) direct neural stimulation. B) indirect osmotic control. C) secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system. D) altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. E) gap synaptic junctions.

C) secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system.

44) The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

Calcitonin

15) A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except A) the rate of glucose synthesis by the liver. B) the rate of glycogen formation by the liver. C) the level of fatty acids in the blood. D) fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells. E) ACTH levels.

E) ACTH levels.

25) All of the following are true of oxytocin except? A) It promotes uterine contractions. B) It is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. C) It triggers prostate gland contraction. D) It is produced in the hypothalamus. E) It is stored in the anterior pituitary.

E) It is stored in the anterior pituitary.

1) Which of the following is true of the endocrine system? A) It responds rapidly to stimuli. B) It responds specifically to digestive stimuli. C) It communicates by the release of neurotransmitters. D) It responds with motor output. E) It responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions.

E) It responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions.

24) If the hypophyseal portal system is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones? A) TSH B) ACTH C) PRL D) ADH and OXT E) TSH, ACTH, PRL

E) TSH, ACTH, PRL

17) A patient is receiving exogenous cortisol in the form of hydrocortisone shots for a sinus infection. Their natural adrenal secretion of cortisol will decrease due to negative feedback on the reducing the secretion of A) hypothalamus; ACTH B) anterior pituitary; CRH C) hypothalamus; cortisol D) anterior pituitary; cortisol E) anterior pituitary; ACTH

E) anterior pituitary; ACTH

16) All of the following are known effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues except A) increased oxygen consumption. B) increased heart rate. C) increased sensitivity to autonomic stimulation. D) increased body temperature. E) decreased cellular metabolism

E) decreased cellular metabolism

21) The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is A) testosterone. B) aldosterone. C) cortisol. D) thyroid hormone. E) epinephrine.

E) epinephrine.

A) tropic hormones. B) androgens. C) somatotropins. D) immunogens. E) gonadotropins.

E) gonadotropins.

12) Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors? A) insulin B) epinephrine C) cortisol D) calcitriol E) insulin and epinephrine

E) insulin and epinephrine

40) All of the following are functions of LH except A) triggering ovulation. B) stimulating secretion of testosterone. C) stimulating the formation of the corpus luteum. D) stimulating the secretion of progesterone. E) stimulating follicle development.

E) stimulating follicle development.

3) are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

a. Hormones

43) The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.

34) The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland can be divided into three parts: the pars distalis, the pars intermedia, and the pars

tuberalis.