Final Exam Review PSYC-2319

45. _____ describes the five steps that must be met before a bystander will intervene to help in an emergency. a. The Decision Model of Bystander Intervention b. The Empathy-altruism Model of Prosocial Behavior c. The Cost-benefit Analysis Model d. The Egoistic Relief model

A

12. The idea that women should stay home and take care of the children while men should go out and earn money for the family best describes the notion of: a. sexism. b. racial prejudice. c. gender prejudice. d. gender stereotypes.

D

13. Glick and colleagues have found that ambivalent sexism is more prevalent in people from: a. countries with the greatest wealth. b. countries with greatest degree of economic and political inequality between races. c. countries that have very low educational achievement d. countries with the greatest degree of economic and political inequality between the sexes.

D

34. ________ states that similarity does not actually have any effect on attraction. a. The matching hypothesis b. Proportion of similarity c. Reciprocity d. The repulsion hypothesis

D

11. Prejudice is to ___________ as discrimination is to ___________. a. behavior; attitudes b. attitudes; behavior c. emotions; attitudes d. feelings; attitudes

B

14. Stereotypes are most closely associated with which of the following? a. reasoned action b. automatic processing c. discrimination d. controlled processing

B

16. Which of the following terms describes the process of dividing people into categories according to common attributes, such as race and gender? a. ingroup favoritism b. social categorization c. outgroup homogeneity effect d. outgroup favoritism

B

17. The idea that one's own group is naturally superior to other groups is known as__________. a. social supremacy orientation b. social dominance orientation c. just-world hypothesis d. outgroup homogeneity effect

B

25. According to your textbook, honor killings are more prevalent in: a. individualistic cultures. b. Arab nations. c. Asian cultures. d. Western cultures.

B

26. The correlation between alcohol consumption and aggressive behavior is best characterized as: a. nonlinear b. positive c. negative d. negative and nonlinear

B

30. Pain, overcrowding, and attacks can all be considered examples of: a. aggressive cues. b. aversive experiences. c. frustration. d. relative deprivation.

B

33. According to your book, ___________ is the most visible trait in social interactions. a. behavior b. appearance c. demeanor d. character

B

35. Research suggests that we like people more if they reveal _____ about themselves in a conversation. a. less b. more c. nothing d. non-personal information

B

36. What attitude is considered to underlie the formation of attachment styles? a. Affection. b. Interpersonal trust. c. Self-respect. d. Interpersonal trust and self-respect.

B

38. Which of the following is NOT a component of the triangular theory of love? a. passion b. empathy c. commitment d. intimacy

B

4. The three antecedent conditions associated with deindividuation are anonymity, arousal and_________. a. increased feelings of responsibility b. reduced feelings of responsibility c. anti-social personality tendencies d. poor impulse control

B

42. Engaging in actions that restore, in one's own mind, the proper moral order is known as: a. altruistic cleansing b. morally cleansing c. ethnic cleansing d. honor cleansing

B

44. Two social norms that can affect when people decide to help are: a. reciprocity and social engagement. b. reciprocity and social responsibility. c. social responsibility and social conscientiousness. d. social responsibility and descriptive.

B

46. As the number of people present in a situation ________ responsibility to help ________. a. is constant; decreases b. increases; decreases c. decreases; decreases d. increases; increases

B

49. Researchers have found that mimicry leads to: a. decreased helping. b. more charitable donations. c. a negative mood. d. less prosocial behavior.

B

7. ________ refers to the tendency for people to take greater risks than individuals would alone. a. Group polarization b. Risky shift c. Deindividuation d. Group transfer effect

B

9. ________ is a manner of thinking where the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic evaluation of other solutions. a. Group polarization b. Groupthink c. social facilitation d. social loafing

B

1. According to the concept of social facilitation, a social psychologist would predict that a talented pool player will perform ________ in front of an audience. a. better b. worse c. the same d. slightly worse

A

15. Brian believes in conformity and obedience to authority figures. In addition, he is intolerant of people who appear to display any form of weakness. This represents which personality type? a. authoritarian b. neurotic c. unconventional d. authoritative

A

2. ________ is the idea that one's performance will be hindered or heightened due to approval or disapproval from others. a. Evaluation apprehension b. Mere presence c. Arousal d. Assessment apprehension

A

20. __________ refers to the belief that increased communication and contact between different racial groups reduces levels of prejudice and discrimination. a. The contact hypothesis b. Just-world hypothesis c. The communication hypothesis d. Jigsaw classroom hypothesis

A

23. Men are more __________ aggressive while women are more __________ aggressive. a. physically; relationally b. verbally; physically c. relationally; verbally d. relationally; physically

A

24. One of the first places that social psychologists began to study cultures of honor was in: a. the Southern United States. b. Russia. c. the Eastern United States. d. Ireland.

A

27. Which of the following was identified in your textbook as a common cause of frustration? a. Relative deprivation. b. Absolute deprivation. c. Social withdrawal. d. Nonconformity

A

28. Albert Bandura exposed children to an adult model displaying aggressive behavior towards a Bobo doll. He then placed them in a mildly frustrating situation before observing and recording their behavior. He found that: a. children exposed to the aggressive adult model were more likely to imitate aggressive acts compared with a control group. b. children exposed to the aggressive adult model were less likely to imitate aggressive acts compared with a control group. c. children exposed to the aggressive adult model were more likely to verbally abuse other children compared with a control group. d. children exposed to the aggressive adult model were less likely to share compared with a control group.

A

3. According to the distraction conflict theory, when an individual is tackling a simple task, their motivation _____________ compared to if she is tackling a difficult task. a. increases b. decreases c. stays the same d. deteriorates

A

31. The desire to establish and maintain rewarding relationships is called _________. a. need for affiliation. b. need for cognition. c. need for closure. d. need for association.

A

32. Which of the following factors is likely to lead to an increase in attraction and liking? a. proximity b. opposite personalities c. competition. d. reduced exposure.

A

39. In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, physical attraction and sexual consummation represents the component __________. a. passion b. empathy c. commitment d. intimacy

A

41. ________ is behavior intended to benefit others. a. Prosocial behavior b. Self-centered behavior c. Prejudiced behavior d. Chauvinistic behavior

A

47. When an individual feels less personal responsibility to help this is known as________. a. diffusion of responsibility b. reciprocity c. pluralistic ignorance d. kin selection

A

48. People who are self-aware are _______ to help others. a. more likely b. less likely c. unlikely d. not able

A

8. Researchers have found that __________is present in terrorist organizations. a. group polarization b. social loafing c. social facilitation d. evaluation apprehension

A

10. A(n)________leader welcomes new approaches for problem solving and creates internal motivation among group members. a. transactional b. authoritarian c. transformational d. totalitarian

C

18. Wendy believes that mothers on welfare have gotten themselves into their situation and don't deserve any government assistance. This best illustrates which of the following? a. ingroup favoritism b. ultimate attribution error c. just-world hypothesis d. outgroup homogeneity effect

C

21. __________ is defined as behavior, either verbal or physical, that is used to intentionally harm another individual. a. Anger b. Assault c. Aggression d. Belligerence

C

22. A man hits his wife because he is angry with her and wants her to feel pain. This serves as an example of: a. indirect aggression b. instrumental aggression c. hostile aggression d. non-injurious aggression

C

29. An action or process that strengthens a behavior is known as: a. relative deprivation. b. modeling. c. reinforcement. d. positive punishment.

C

37. Which attachment style is considered the most successful? a. preoccupied b. fearful-avoidant c. secure d. dismissive

C

40. Negative attributional style occurs when: a. a person describes his or her partner's behaviors in positive ways. b. a person explains his or her partner's behaviors in negative ways. c. a person reacts negatively to his or her partner's behaviors. d. a person ignores his o her partner's negative behaviors.

C

5. Kristen spends as little time as possible on a group paper that is due at the end of the semester because she knows that her teacher will not be able to tell how much she has contributed. Kristen's behavior is an example of: a. social facilitation. b. deindiviudation. c. social loafing. d. diffusion of responsibility.

C

6. Research suggests that as self-awareness decreases ________ will likely increase. a. evaluation apprehension b. performance c. deindividuation d. social facilitation

C

19. Which of the following is described in your textbook as a consequence of stereotyping? a. self-fulfilling prophecies b. stereotype threat c. decreased prejudice and discrimination d. both self-fulfilling prophecies and stereotype threat

D

43. Research has shown that people will help under which of the following circumstances? a. If helping will increase recognition from others. b. If helping will bring them rewards like money. c. If helping will improve their mood. d. Research has shown that people will help for increased recognition, rewards, and improved mood.

D

50. According to information presented in your text, which of the following would be considered a more effective way to increase helping behavior? a. Remind people of how good they will feel if they help others. b. Require people to help. c. Provide monetary rewards for helping. d. Provide models of prosocial behavior.

D