History Midterm Study Guide
John Adams
(1797-1801)
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
(1801-1809) , (1809-1817)
John Quincy Adams and Jackson
(1825-1829) , (1829-1837)
Describe why Monroe's presidency was called the Era of Good Feelings
1 political party The Federalist Party died (because they threatened to leave the Union at the Hartford Convention New England was the first to threaten to secede). James Monroe-just that he is the Era of Good Feelings president
Worchester v Georgia
- 1832- jackson overrules - "let him enforce it" says jackson - states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land
the power of the pen
- the olive branch petition, reaching for peace - in return king george III sends 25,000 troops
Describe the Line of Demarcation and WHY it is significant.
- the pope divided the world (the power of the pope) - spain v portugal - Treaty of Tordesillas
What is the significance of Columbus in the Age of Exploration? When?
1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue
Enlightenment
: It exalts reasoning and rational thinking
Describe BC, AD, CE, and BCE and why it is significant.
BC- Before Christ AD- Anno Domini - in the year of our Lord BCE- Before Common Era & CE- Common Era God was taken out of history
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans: Beliefs and demographics (chart with leaders) and the main issue they disagreed on.
The Federalist Party (Hamilton) These were the more affluent and wealthy people. Generally in the North. They supported a looser interpretation of the Constitution, and the National Bank plan put forth by Hamilton. The Democratic-Republican Party (TJ&JM) These were the farmers, the 'common men', they were primarily in the South. This party focused on the rights of individual states and on the strict interpretation of the Constitution. Laissez-Faire.
Describe James K Polk as the Manifest Destiny president using his two campaign slogans and his accomplishments.
"All of Oregon, All of Texas!" "54,40 or fight." James K. Polk was president from 1845-1849.
Describe the Main battles for Texas independence (Alamo, Goliad, and San Jacinto, why was Texas a "Lone Star Republic" till 1845?
"Old 300"- land grants 1836-Texans fight for independence(Mexico) "Remember the Alamo"(183 killed but 1500 Mexicans killed Goliad-300 massacred Santa Ana Lone Star Republic (9yrs own country) 1845 Lone Star State into U.S. A.J. "No" war w/mexico
Dred Scot v Sandford
Who: Roger B. Taney What: Dred Scott is in a state where slavery is banned but is still denied his freedom Why: scott sued sanford Where: wisconsin supreme courtWhen: 1857 How: Dred Scott wanted to buy freedom, Sanford refused, Scott sued her
Deism
believes God exists but not in the supernatural interventions of God.
The Emancipation Proclamation?
"that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious areas "are, and henceforward shall be free." Slavery was not abolished by the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. The proclamation applied only to enslaved people in states that were in rebellion in 1863, namely South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, Arkansas, and North Carolina. The 2nd Inaugural said that the Civil War would be God's punishment for the slave masters. This was after his son Wily died. Fondly do we hope ~ fervently do we pray ~ that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword as was said three thousand years ago so still it must be said 'the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.'
Andrew Jackson
(1829-1837)
What is the significance of Magellan in the Age of Exploration? When?
1519, a portuguese navigator who was the first to circumnavigate the world
Describe 5 Precedents: Biblical Principles and impact
2 terms: He started the precedent of serving only two terms because he believed it shouldn't be one ruler for their whole life like a monarchy. "Mr. President"- He showed that this new government wasn't royalty, it showed his humility. The Cabinet- He set the precedent of having a wise council to guide him in his presidency. This is something found in the Bible and it also showed his great strength as a leader to be able to delegate his power. Most of the roles in the cabinet are still used today. The Judiciary Act- He created what we know today as the Supreme Court. It consisted of 3 circuit courts and 13 district courts. Whiskey Rebellion- He stuck to his word (which is a biblical principle) and kept the Whiskey tax even though the taxation affected his own whiskey farm. He enforced the law and showed federal power over state power.
Ft. Sumter (Civil War started)
April 12, 1861 Federal Outpost in Charleston, SC Confederate officials began surrounding and asked for a surrender This was during Lincoln's presidency and he refused He instead sent supplies The Confederates fired cannons first The fort fell 34 hours later and the Confederates won Some states in the South left the Union after this because they felt like they might have a chance at winning the war in the end.
Describe the Battles of Trenton, Valley Forge, Saratoga, and Yorktown.
Battle of Trenton: Christmas Day 1776. The English were celebrating and drunk. Washington crossed the Delaware at night and captured 900 Hessians with no casualties. Valley Forge: Winter of 77-78, 2000 die here. Crucible of Freedom (molded the militia into an army). Baron von Stuben drilled the soldiers until they were an effective force. Thomas Paine: "Summer soldier, sunshine patriot" and "These are the times that try men's souls." Saratoga: October 1777. 6000 British march. Here, a less powerful American force held off the British and established the turning point of the war. Because of this win, France joins the Union in the fight against Britain Benedict Arnold is the hero here but Gates gets the credit. Yorktown: 1781, 14k British. The battle here ends the war, 8k Brits surrender. "The world turned upside-down."
Describe the role of the French in the War for Independence
Between 1778 and 1782 the French provided supplies, arms and ammunition, uniforms, and, most importantly, troops and naval support to the beleaguered Continental Army. The French navy transported reinforcements, fought off a British fleet, and protected Washington's forces in Virginia.
Bleeding Kansas (Use Kansas Nebraska Act, Missouri Compromise, Popular sovereignty, and Border ruffians and Mini-Civil War). 1854-1859:
Bleeding Kanas was a series of violent battles between those for slavery and those against it. They fought for control of the new territory of Kansas, and the right for it to be a free or slave state. Proslavery (border ruffians) advocates came from the Missouri border and flooded into Kansas. Kansas-Nebraska Act: Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed for popular sovereignty (letting the people in each state pick if they were a slave or free state.) This overturned what the Missouri Compromise said, as it drew a line that divided states into free and slave states.
Describe the Three Branches of Government in detail
Checks and balances (examples) Judicial branch: Evaluate laws, interpret the law, determine the constitutionality of the law, and apply it to every case Examples: Supreme court Legislative branch: Makes all laws, declares war, regulates interstate and foreign commerce, and controls taxing and spending policies Examples: House, Senate Executive branch: Enforces the law, and has responsibility for the governance of a state, puts the government laws and programs into effect Examples: President, Vice president
Change in Lincoln-Compare 1st Inaugural, Emancipation Proclamation (specifically what states) and 2nd Inaugural (using God)
During the 1st Inaugural, Lincoln was all about saving the Union. "If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that."
Marbury v. Madison
Established judicial review
Jonathan Edwards:
Famous sermon: SHAG (Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God) Went to Yale at 13 years old Northampton, Mass
What is the role of the French in the Age of Exploration?
Fish, fur trade
Describe the God stories: Ft. McHenry, Burning of Washington, Battle of New Orleans-Andrew Jackson
Fort McHenry: the British planned a bombing which failed because the cannonball didn't ignite the shell causing them to leave their land and Baltimore assault Burning of Washington: The British went to Washington and burned important buildings including the capitol and the white house. A hurricane(providence) put out the fires and a tornado killed many of the British Battle of New Orleans-Andrew Jackson: Jackson led American troops to the battle with Britain and 2000 British-13 Americans died The battle made a great sense of nationalism Providence is shown in this battle by allowing Jackson and his men to get ahead
1st Amendment
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
2. Describe the role of each in Abolitionism: Wm. Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass Lloyd Garrison:
Garrison publicly committed himself to Black abolitionists' demands for an immediate uncompensated end to slavery and political and social equality. Frederick Douglass: Douglass joined the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1841 as an agent. His role was to travel and deliver speeches, distribute pamphlets, and get subscribers to the Liberator.
Describe the First Great Awakening-UNDER GOD - George Whitefield:
George Whitefield: Anglican kicked out of church Preaches in the open field Travels to America 7x More popular than G. Washington Preached up to 30,000 people (B. Franklin calculated it)
How do you see God in the 1774 First Continental Congress-three ways and Patrick Henry's quote?
God was present in the Congress when Ben Franklin insisted they pray for 3 hours. Psalm 35 speaks to them from God Patrick Henry "I'm not a Virginian, I'm an American" One nation Under God.
When was the first Great Awakening?
Great Awakening (1740's-1770's)
Describe: Implied powers, Elastic Clause (special phrase) Loose Constructionist, Strict Constructionist, and Laissez-Faire
Implied Powers: Implied powers are political powers granted to the United States government that aren't explicitly stated in the Constitution. Elastic Clause: This gave the Constitution a little flexibility. Gave the government power to do what was 'necessary and proper' for the country. In the Hamilton v Jefferson debate, Hamilton argued that the National Bank was necessary and proper for the United States to truly be 'united'. Loose Constructionist: Has a more interpretive view of the Constitution. Strict Constructionist (Laissez-Faire): Has a more literal view of the constitution.
Describe JQA term and service in the House of Representatives (use the Gag rule)
JQA first former president to go into the House of Reps and fight for slavery and the gag rule. Gag rule- not allowed to talk about slavery. JQA leaves the presidency and goes to Congress to fight against slavery and eventually dies for it.
James Madison's and Benjamin Franklin's role
James Madison: Major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution, wrote the Federalist Papers, referred to as the father of the Constitution Benjamin Franklin: Best known as the founding father who signed all three documents that freed America from Britain
Jamestown 5w's and an H
Jamestown: John Smith Virginia Company 1st settlement of New World 90% died during "starving time" First slaves arrived 1619 (15+) Virgina For gold, glory, and God 1607
Describe Marbury v. Madison and the precedent it set for the Supreme Court
John Adams had the "Midnight appointments" to fill the supreme Court with federalists. Marbury wanted an appointment and asked Madison to get him one, but Madison didn't do it because he believed it was unconstitutional. Marbury sued and it was brought to the Supreme Court, and Chief Justice John C. Marshall although being a Federalist like Marbury, ruled against him because he agreed that it was unconstitutional. It set the precedent for judicial review
What is the significance of John Cabot in the Age of Exploration?
John Cabot was the first English explorer who claimed newland for England while looking for a NW passage
Describe the Election of 1860
Lincoln was elected president on November 6th, 1860 This is ultimately what led to the South (South Carolina first) leaving the Union as they feared that Lincoln would get rid of slavery In the beginning, Lincoln's mindset was focused on the union (he was willing to keep slavery if needed), however, he soon became strongly against slavery
William Tennent:
Log College aka Princeton Taught leaders of the G.A Results: L-liberty E-equality G-growth (Bap. and Pres. church) E-education (Brown, Rutgers, Dartmouth, Princeton) N-nationalism D-division (old and new light) UNITY
Describe the legacy of political freedom in America-Describe each with their dates:
Magna Carta- limits the king's power 1215 Mayflower Compact- The pilgrim's 1st form of self-government. Signed before they ever got off the boat. Written in 1620 Virginia House of Burgesses- the first time they saw representative government. 1619 Act of Toleration- Maryland tolerates only Christian religion zz Mercantilism- The little colonies make the mother country (England). The colonies give people resources, but ultimately they are controlling the trade.
4th Amendment
NO unreasonable searche and seizure without a warrant
Describe the ruling of Dred Scott v Sanford and how the Constitution was used.
Not a citizen, therefore cannot sue He is property 5th Amendment -> Right to Life, Liberty, and Property Any restriction against slavery is unconstitutional because of the Missouri Compromise Balance about slave states and free states (Missouri and Maine) Slavery is constitutional - EVERYWHERE The Constitution was used because Southerners believed that slaves were not people but property therefore under the Supreme Law of the Land
Describe the actions of the Second Continental Congress:
Olive Branch Petition, Continental army Second Continental Congress: Olive Branch Petition, reach for peace (still loyal to Britain at heart). Continental army is raised here and the British refuse peace. The 1st government postal service was created and currency was made standard.
Pilgrims 5w's and an H
Pilgrims: Leader: William Bradford Separatists Mayflower Compact: 1st doc of self gov. 1/2 died during 1st winter Plymouth, Massachusetts God used Squanto to help them communicate and use/create resources. 1620 They arrived in Plymouth from the Mayflower ship. God used weather for battle and war (Job 38:22)
Puritans 5w's and an H
Puritans: Leader: John Winthrop "Puritan work ethic" [everything we do is worship] "City on a hill" Harvard-1636 wanted to purify the world They founded Harvard to train ministers for the gospel. 1630 Wanted to "chop the tree down" aka the Anglican Church.
Describe the (1776) Declaration of Independence (Main quotes...who wrote it and who was it addressed to?)
Quote: We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed with certain unalienable rights, and that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.
Describe the Albany Plan of Union-
The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal developed by a committee led by Benjamin Franklin. The Plan of Union proposed that the colonies unite to form a federal government. On July 10, 1754, representatives from seven British North American colonies adopted the plan. It was a failed plan to unite the American colonies.
Describe the Alien and Sedition Act.
The Alien and Sedition Act banned speaking against the government (unconstitutional), it also made becoming a citizen take 14 years. This made it more difficult for people to come into the country. (before it was 5 years). The Sedition Act went against the First Amendment (freedom of speech, press, etc.)
Describe the significance of Cane Ridge Revival-Logan County Kentucky
The Cane Ridge revival planted religious idealism and was the first great social gathering in a new state emerging from the fearful isolation of its violent frontier days of slavery. A group of Evangelical ministers presided over the nation's first "camp meeting". An extraordinary revival that lasted several days and impressed everyone involved. It was the beginning of the church trying to "harvest" new members.
Describe how the Electoral College works in two sentences using the special number it takes to win-Checks and balances (examples)
The Electoral College is made up of 538 electors, each elector casts a vote after the general election. Whichever candidate receives 270 votes or more wins. The check and balances system provides each branch of government with individual powers to check the other branches of government and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
Northwest Ordinances and its precedent on slavery-
The NW Ordinances consist of Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Illinois. The land was broken up into 6x6 mile townships, where square 16 was for education, and you could buy 640 acres of land for a dollar per acre. They declared that slavery was not allowed and it stayed that way until the Dred Scott case ruling that declared slavery as constitutional everywhere.
The ⅗ Compromise:
The North compromised with the South by saying that for every 5 slaves, they counted towards representation as 3 free men. Along with ⅗ being counted for representation, they were also counted for taxes therefore appealing to the North. This was significant because it showed slaves weren't seen as equals and it was one of the only mentions of slavery in the Constitutional Convention.
Role of Technology and Innovation
The North was against slavery but the cotton from the cotton gin, handled by the slaves in the South, would go up to the factories in the North so they played a role in slavery and didn't want to acknowledge that. The railroads that were caused by the protective tariffs helped the North win the war because it was like a spider web and they knew the backroads and such. The invention of the telegraph helped the North greatly because they were able to receive messages more quickly which gave them a very big advantage.
Describe the Proclamation Act of 1763-
The Proclamation Act was a boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains. The Proclamation Line prohibited Anglo-American colonists from settling on lands acquired from the French following the French and Indian War.
When and Why the Republican Party formed. Who was their first president?
The Republican Party was formed on March 20, 1854, when the Whig Party split The Republican Party sought to stop the spread of slavery Lincoln was the first Republican President (he was elected in 1860)
5th Amendment
The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, cant be denied life, liberty, or property
Describe (April 19, 1775) Lexington and Concord (Paul Revere) The battle of Lexington and Concord (shot heard around the world) was the start of the War of Independence.
The battle broke out because the British had ordered troops to seize weapons from the town of Concord and to Capture the leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock from Lexington. Paul Revere was told by the Sons of Liberty to ride to Lexington to let Samuel Adams and John Hancock know that British troops were coming. He sounded the alarm to let minutemen know the redcoats were coming.
Compromise of 1850( Use Popular sovereignty and Fugitive Slave Law)
The compromise of 1850 brought about 4 things: California joins the Union as a free state Utah and New Mexico get popular sovereignty (people vote on slavery) No slave trade in D.C. Fugitive slave law (if a slave is in the North, it's now legal for Southerners to capture and enslave him again, despite the North being a free area, magistrates get 5/$10 dollars per slave) The compromise was made by Henry Clay (The great compromiser!!)
War of 1812: What was the main cause and outcome?
The main cause was the restriction of trade with France and Britain and the seizing of American merchant ships. The outcome was that America was now seen as a stronger nation
Describe the Protective Tariff
The protective Tariff aimed to make imported goods cost more than the equivalent goods produced domestically, thereby causing sales of domestically produced goods to rise, supporting local industry. The negative effects included: increased production cost, decreasing employment, wages, sales, and investment.
Boston Massacre What happened? Who defended the British how is it propaganda and who made the etching? (use the words primary source)
There was a riot of unhappy people in Boston about everything Britain was doing. Mostly taxation and the soldiers around the city. There was one guard on duty at the British embassy who called for backup. The guards got pelted with snowballs and someone fired a shot into the crowd. More were fired and 5 colonists were killed. The press spun the event to make the British seem like terrorists and the public was enraged. Paul Revere created a poster calling this a "massacre" which is an example of propaganda.
Unitarianism
They didn't believe in the Trinity, had no deity, or moral church, but didn't believe in the power of the gospel in being plain/simple.
Describe the impact and influence of Thomas Paine: Common Sense, American Crisis (Power of the Pen)
Thomas Paine: makes the patriots the majority in America. 150k copies of his novel sell. Also, Paul Revere's carvings of the Boston Massacre caused public outrage. It made lots of people hate the British. American Crisis (Summer Soldier/Sunshine Patriot and Men's Souls quotes from this one)
Describe the Corrupt Bargain
Vote for president between Andrew Jackson, JQA, Clay, Crawford, and Jackson. Jackson wins the popular vote but JQA ends up winning because of Clay the speaker and he becomes JQA sec of state.
What are the 3 aspects of the Monroe Doctrin.e and Impact/ Significance (use NATO and JQA)
We broke the Monroe Doctrine with NATO in 1949. The U.S. and Europe were made to stay on their side of the ¨line¨. ¨You stay on your side and we´ll stay on ours.¨ This was called the ¨unfriendly act if they were to cross the line.¨ This is like protecting the western hemisphere
Describe the Compromises of the Constitutional Convention: New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great Compromise (our Legislative Branch today), 3/5 Compromise-
We have 435 House of Representatives 2 senators in each state 29 in Florida A president needs 270 votes to win.
Describe the French and Indian War 5Ws and an H-Significance of the Battle of Monongahela-Providence?
When- 1754-1763 Who: the French v British What: The British and French fought a 9-year war over the Ohio Valley and the right to own the landWhen: 1754-1763 (leads up to American Revolution) Where: Ohio Valley Why: whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British Empire
Describe the 95 Thesis: 5 w's and an H using the famous quote
When? 1517 Who: Martin Luther What: Disputes the church's idea of Indulgences Where: Wittenberg, Germany Why: starts the Protestant Reformation How: Printing Press (gutenberg press) Quote: "my conscience is captive to the word of God"
Describe the Trail of Tears (5w's and an H)-Use Worcester v. Georgia and Jackson's response.
Who: Andrew Jackson What: Kept pushing the Indians out ( Indian Removal Act) Where: Wanted to push them to Oklahoma When: 1838- 1839 Why: People found gold in the native lands and AJ wanted to move them out although the gov said it was unconstitutional so he did anyway. Named the Trail of Tears 10,000 died How: AJ went against the government and did what he wanted anyway.
Describe the Cotton gin-5 w's and an H
Who: Eli Whitney What: It was to increase the speed of removal of the seeds from the cotton fiber so that the amount of cotton would increase. Where: Spread throughout the South. When:1793 Why: He invented the Cotton gin so that 1 slave would be able to do the work of 50 - slaves. It made the process of removal faster. It made the demand for slaves higher. How: It spread throughout the South quickly, it increased from 7% to 57% by 1850.
. Uncle Tom's Cabin (Use author, Lincoln's quote and how sales increased),
Who: Harriet Beecher Stowe What: A book A mother, Eliza, had a five-year-old son who was close to her master's family. Son became a house slave because he was cute. Master had a gambling issue and gambled with a slave trader who decided to take her son to settle the debt. She runs away with her son. Sells 300,000 within the first year Great Britain bought 1.25 million copies Made 2 million abolitionists overnight When: 1852 Where: North The South banned the book Why: She painted the slaves as human beings and brought awareness to the issue that slavery is. Lincoln said, "Is this the little woman who made this great war?"
Describe the 5 w's and an H of the Missouri Compromise
Who: Henry Clay (Great compromiser) Henry Clay saves the day! What: The Missouri Compromise separated the states from being free and slave states and a line was drawn to separate them. Where: The North and the South When:1820 Why: It allowed the Senate to maintain the balance of the states. They wanted it to show the difference between free and slave states. How: The 36 30 battle line SIGNIFICANCE 3 B´S Battle Line The battle line was made to separate the slave states and free states. They separated it from the North and the South. Balance of Power The balance of power was the amount of free and slave states in the Senate. The balance of the Senate. was 11 free 11 slave but then Maine and Missouri came in as free and slave so it was 12 and 12. Band-Aid - 1820-1850, Slavery is growing underneath, The Compromise of 1850 broke the ¨Bandaid¨.
Describe the Nullification Crisis (5W's and an H): Use Tariff of Abominations, Force Bill, John C. Calhoun
Who: John C. Calhoun What: South Carolina threatens to secede. AJ uses force to make SC stay a part of the union. Where: South Carolina When: 1832 Why: Protective tariffs (tariff of abominations) AJ makes a force bill and makes them obey and stay, lots of tax imports. John C. Calhoun threatens to leave and leads it. How- AJ makes a force bill which makes them have to stay.
Describe the Defeat of the Spanish Armada-5W's and an H
Who: Spain and England (King Phillip II and Queen Elizabeth I) When: 1588 Where: English Channel What: the English defeated the Spanish Armada (no longer a contender for the new world) How: 130 ships came into the English Channel and ships were set on fire Why: Defined Elizabeth's reign as Queen
Describe the Louisiana Purchase(5w's and an H-how using elastic clause) and why it is ironic.
Who: Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon Where: The entire Mississippi River, Rocky Mountains, Columbia River all the way to the Pacific including Oregon territory what: The United States bought Louisiana from France for `` $11.25 million, which more than doubled the size of land under U.S. control when: 1803 why: Jefferson believed that a republic could only survive if most of its citizens owned land, so he wanted to expand the country farther west (defining moment of TJ's presidency) how: Jefferson ordered his ambassador to France to block the deal between France and Spain concerning the Louisiana area. Because Napoleon was short on funds, he offered to sell the territory to the United States, and we accepted. He has to stretch the Constitution for this It is ironic because TJ used protective tariffs the national bank and the elastic clause that he was against because he was a democratic-republican using Federalist principles
Describe the Escape from Long Island (5W's and an H)
Who: Washington and his troops vs Howe. What: Washington is trapped on Long Island with 8k troops. Howe has 32k. When: 1776 in August Where: Long Island. On one side was the East River, and on the other a strong army force. Trapped. Why: This is significant because the army of Washington is saved and continues to fight against Britain. How: Howe hesitates as usual, in the night Washington evacuates his troops on boats. The fog comes in the morning to cover the troops. The fog only clears once the last boat is moving for safety. (God uses weather for battle)
The 13th Amendment
abolished slavery
The New Jersey Plan:
proposed 1 legislative house with equal representatives for every state no matter their population and size.
The Virginia Plan:
proposed 2 legislative houses (the Senate and the House) that had representation proportional to a state's population (bigger states had more representation than smaller states).
Describe the XYZ affair:
use-"Millions for defense, not a penny for tribute"/Navy- this means that he is willing to pay a lot of money for defense but not a single cent towards foreign affairs XYZ affair 5 w's and H who: France and America what: 3 Americans sent over to France to try and negotiate so that we could trade w/France. The 3 diplomats in France (XYZ) ask for 250,000 plus 1.2 million to "leave us alone". John Adams refused and that is when his famous line, " Millions for defense, not a penny for tribute" comes into play. when: during John Adams's presidency is the reason that we don't negotiate with/ terrorist
The Great Compromise:
was a solution to the representation problem they had. The solution had both large and small states represented fairly by making 2 houses. One was the Senate where each state received 2 representatives no matter their size, and the House of Representatives which had each state given representation based on population. This is how our Legislative branch is today.
Describe the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions-who wrote them and why including the precedent of nullification
who- written by T.J. and J. Mad what- States have rights to nullify(cancel) the federal law if it is seen as unconstitutional.... if necessary to secede ; called the nullification doctrine when- 1798 where- Kentucky House of Reps.