final exam

Indicate which nerve root may be injured for the examples below. 1. Athlete has an inability to flex their wrist 2. Athlete has an inability to abduct their shoulder 3. Athlete has an inability to flex their elbow 4. Athlete has an inability to laterally flex their head 5. Athlete has an inability to resist finger abduction

(2) C5 (3) C6 (1) C7 (4) C3 (5) T1

A football player who was not wearing hip pads receives a hard compressive hit to his left iliac crest region. He finished the game with only a little discomfort, but the next day he slowly limps into the athletic training room complaining of soreness and pain with movement. He has point tenderness and ecchymosis in the iliac crest area. Upon evaluation, what else might you expect to find? (a) Difficulty with flexion and rotation of the trunk b) Athlete prefers extended position c) Athlete has decreased pain with active hip flexion d) All of the above would be present in this injury

(a) Difficulty with flexion and rotation of the trunk

Smooth Pursuit(VOMS)- eye watching

He is looking for nystagmus and to see if the patient's eyes are moving smoothly together

Smooth Pursuit(VOMS) positive test

Increase in symptoms headache nausea, dizziness and fogginess, nystagmus, unequal pupil movement

_____ is an avulsion fracture of the extensor tendon of the distal phalanx resulting in an inability to _______ the DIP.

Mallet Finger Extend

Indicate which nerve may be injured for the examples below. Consider each action individually, and select the nerve that is predominantly responsible for the listed action (you may select a nerve more than once if necessary). Patient has an inability to extend the elbow Patient has an inability to flex the elbow Patient has an inability to abduct the fingers Patient has an inability to extend the wrist Patient has an inability to flex the wrist

Radial N Musculocutaneous N Ulnar N Radial N Median N

Which of the following findings would you expect with an athlete suffering from the symptoms of a hip labral tear? Mark all that apply. Select 2 correct answer(s) a) + Hip Scour test b) + C sign c) Common in age 10-17 d) + Hoover's test e) None of the above would be positive for this condition

a) + Hip Scour test b) + C sign

Which of the following is NOT a component of a proper valgus stress test of the elbow? a) Full elbow extension b) Forearm supinated c) Stabilizing hand on the lateral elbow d) Stretch applied to the UCL of the elbow e) Both A and D

a) Full elbow extension

Ipsilateral pain during the first 70 degrees of a straight leg raising test that is made worse with neck flexion and dorsiflexion would indicate a possible: a) Herniated disc b) Irritation of the sacroiliac joint c) Spondylolysis d) Tight hamstring

a) Herniated disc

If an athlete has sacroiliac dysfunction, which test is MOST LIKELY to be negative? a) Hip Scour test b) Long Sit test c) Gaenslen's d) Patrick's

a) Hip Scour test

Which of the following tests is performed sidelying? Mark all that apply. Select 2 correct answer(s) a) Ober's test b) Milgram's test c) Kernig's test d) Piriformis test

a) Ober's test d) Piriformis test

Which statistical measure is used to help you rule out a potential diagnosis? a) Sensitivity b) Specificity

a) Sensitivity

An athlete gets hit in the head with a ball. Upon evaluation, the athlete had lost consciousness for a period of time, and now seems very confused and irritable. She complains of a headache, floating specks in her vision, and nausea. When observing the her, you notice that she is restless and her pupils are unequal. You notice that bruising is developing behind the ears. What condition should you be most concerned about at this time based on these signs/symptoms? a) Skull Fracture b) Post-traumatic Headache c) Concussion d) Subdural Hematoma e) Both B & C

a) Skull Fracture

A runner complains of low back pain with prolonged sitting, which increases when leaning forward. Pain is also present when running up hills and when running on concrete. The pain has begun to "radiate" into the posterior leg. What test would you suspect to be positive? a) Slump b) Stork c) Patrick d) FADIR

a) Slump

Which of the following should not be done when managing a bleeding nose? a) Tilt the head back to decrease bleeding b) Place a cold compress over the nose c) Apply finger pressure to the affected nostrils for 5 minutes

a) Tilt the head back to decrease bleeding

Which of the following is caused by a bacterial infection of the external auditory canal? a) otitis externa b) tympanic membrane rupture c) otitis media d) impacted cerumen

a) otitis externa

Given the athlete above, what reflex would you expect to find diminished? a) Patellar b) Achilles c) Babinski d) Medial Hamstring

b) Achilles

What vertebral interspace is found parallel with the tops of the iliac crests? a) L3-L4 b) L4-L5 c) L5-S1 d) S1-S2

b) L4-L5

An athlete comes to you complaining of pain and visual disturbances of her right eye.She states that she got hit a couple of days ago. She complains of diplopia at the end ranges of her vision and you notice during eye tracking that her right eye does not move as far as her left, specifically when looking up. What condition should you suspect? a) Detached retina b) Blow out fracture c) Sty d) Corneal abrasion

b) Blow out fracture

According to the NATA position statement on the Management of Sport Concussion it is important to wake the patient during the night following a concussive event. a) True b) False

b) False

Loss of consciousness is an indicator of a severe concussion. a) True b) False

b) False

The signs and symptoms of a subdural hematoma always occur more rapidly than an epidural hematoma. a) True b) False

b) False

Two commonly used tests in the cognitive category are serial 7's and naming the months in reverse order. a) True b) False

b) False

The "S.I. Rock test" is performed by pushing in on the ASIS at a 45 degree angle a)True b)False

b)False

Which of the following tests is used to evaluate the scapholunate ligament? a) Supination lift test b) Roo's test c) Watson's test d) Phalen's test

c) Watson's test

What is the name of the opening where the spinal nerves come out of? a) transverse foramen b) spinal canal c) intervertebral foramen d) pedicles

c) intervertebral foramen

(+) Hip scour

Hip labral tear

Tongue blade bite test is for what pathology?

Mandibular fracture

Define athletic pubalgia & List three (3) key features you would expect to find on your physical exam?

Muscle imbalance between abdomen, pelvis, & hip muscles. No Bulge present Point tender in adductor/groin region Pain with hip adduction

MOI for Labral tear

Repetitive overuse Impingement Chronic subluxations Acute dislocations

Choose the clinical findings that would be present for a patient who has a TFCC injury. Select all that apply. Select 3 correct answer(s) a) AROM wrist extension elicits pain b) Positive Watson's test c) Positive TFCC Load test d) Positive Tinel's test e) Positive Supination Lift Test

a) AROM wrist extension elicits pain (c) Positive TFCC Load test e) Positive Supination Lift Test

Most serious cervical injuries in football result from purposeful: a) Axial loading as a result of spearing b) Hyperextension resulting from pushing the face mask up c) Hyperflexion as a result of tackling the legs of the opponent d) Opponents grabbing face masks and twisting them

a) Axial loading as a result of spearing

After the head is struck, the brain continues to move in the fluid and may be contused against the opposite side, causing this type of injury: a) Contrecoup b) Direct c) Cerebral d) Whiplash

a) Contrecoup

A player is lying motionless on the ground with the elbows, wrists, and fingers in flexion. What is the term given to the posture of this athlete? a) Decorticate b) Aphasia c) Second Impact syndrome d) Decerebrate

a) Decorticate

All of the following are clinical features of a boxer's fracture EXCEPT: a) Deformity at the proximal aspect of the metacarpal b) Depression of the knuckle c) Decreased grip strength d) (+) axial compression of the metacarpal bone

a) Deformity at the proximal aspect of the metacarpal

In which anatomical structure(s) is a CAM deformity most likely found? a) Femoral Head/Neck b) Acetabulum c) Labrum d) Fovea

a) Femoral Head/Neck

Differentiate between the two types of leg length discrepancy. a) True- ASIS to medial malleolus & Apparent/Functional- Umbilicus to medial malleolus b) True- ASIS to lateral malleolus & Apparent/Functional- Umbilicus to lateral malleolus c) True- Umbilicus to medial malleolus & Apparent/Functional- ASIS to medial malleolus d) True- Umbilicus to lateral malleolus & Apparent/Functional- ASIS to lateral malleolus

a) True- ASIS to medial malleolus & Apparent/Functional- Umbilicus to medial malleolus

Choose which is MOST important to consider when returning an individual to play following a head injury. a) Whether or not they still have symptoms b) Anterograde amnesia c) How long he or she lost consciousness d) Retrograde amnesia

a) Whether or not they still have symptoms

A subdural hematoma is more likely to occur than an epidural hematoma in athletics. a) True b) False

a) True

Which of the following are indications for an x-ray according to the Canadian C-spine rules? a) Unable to actively rotate neck 45 degrees b)Sitting upright in the emergency department c) Absence of c-spine tenderness d) b&c e) All of the above

a) Unable to actively rotate neck 45 degrees

Which unique cervical vertebra is known as the axis? a) C1 b) C2 c) C3 d) C7

b) C2

When comparing the Cl and C2 vertebrae with the C3 and C4 vertebrae, what is the primary significance of C1 and C2? a) Allows flexion and extension to occur b) Allows for rotation to occur c) Are easily palpable in comparison with C3and C4 d) Have significant prominent spinous processes

b) Allows for rotation to occur

When an individual indicates that he no longer has symptoms during activities of daily living 1 week after a concussion, and his baseline assessment is within normative ranges, what is the next step in the RTP progression? a) Run outside during practice b) Exercise on the treadmill or bike c) Non-contact drills with team d) Unrestricted practice

b) Exercise on the treadmill or bike

A 47-year-old woman is complaining of pain while running. Pain is localized on the posterolateral aspect of her hip near the greater trochanter and is occasionally accompanied by a snapping sensation. Identify the cause of this woman's "snapping hip." a) Iliopsoas bursitis b) Greater trochanteric bursitis c) Labral tear in acetabulum d) Subluxing iliopsoas tendon

b) Greater trochanteric bursitis

An avulsion fracture at the anterior superior iliac spine would result in pain and significant weakness or an inability to do what ACTIVE/RESISTIVE motions? a) Hip flexion, hip adduction & hip external rotation b) Hip flexion, hip abduction, hip external rotation c) Hip extension, hip adduction & hip internal rotation d) Hip extension, hip abduction & hip external rotation e) All of the above

b) Hip flexion, hip abduction, hip external rotationA

An athlete presents to the athletic training room for a pre-season orthopedic screening. Upon evaluation you discover that he has had multiple hamstring strains and notice the athlete has a significantly large lumbar lordotic curve (Lower Cross Syndrome). What exercises might you recommend to him? Mark all that apply. Select 2 correct answer(s) a) Hamstring stretching b) Hip flexor stretching c) Abdominal stretching d) Low back stretching

b) Hip flexor stretching d) Low back stretching

An athlete comes to you complaining of eye pain. She states that she got poked in the eye yesterday at practice. She denies any eye watering and upon observation you see a pooling of blood in front of her iris. What condition do you suspect? a) Conjunctivitis b) Hyphema c) Corneal Laceration d) Ocular Hematoma

b) Hyphema

A patient c/o numbness and tingling on the palmar/volar aspect of her thumb and index finger. Upon evaluation, she presents with no visible swelling, deformity, open wounds, discoloration, or scars. She has weakness with wrist flexion and finger flexion of the 1st-3rd fingers. She denies any neck pain, and her biceps, brachioradialis, and triceps reflexes are normal and equal bilaterally. What special test you would suspect to be positive? a) Spurling's b) Phalen's c) Cozen's d) Valsalva e) Watson's

b) Phalen's

Interpret the clinical findings to ascertain the diagnosis for a patient who complains of a dull, achy elbow/forearm pain, TTP elicited over the supinator muscle, and wrist drop. a) C6 disc herniation b) Radial nerve palsy c) Median Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow d) Ulnar nerve palsy e) Cyclists or Handle Bar Palsy

b) Radial nerve palsy

An athlete experienced an acute muscular injury to the anterior hip. On manual muscle testing you find weakness on hip flexion and knee extension. Based on results of manual muscle testing, which of the following is most likely? a) Biceps femoris strain b) Rectus femoris strain c) Gluteus medius strain d) Iliopsoas strain

b) Rectus femoris strain

Which of the following is the most serious disc herniation? a) Prolapsed b) Sequestrated c) Extruded d) Protruded

b) Sequestrated

If the disc at the L4-L5 level were herniated, what signs/symptoms would you suspect? a) Weak hip flexion b) Weak dorsiflexion c) Decreased sensation at VMO d) Decreased sensation lateral border of foot

b) Weak dorsiflexion

Of the three meninges, the outermost, consisting of a dense, fibrous, inelastic sheath that encloses the brain and cord, is the: a) Arachnoid b) Cerebral cortex c) Dura mater d) Pia mater

c) Dura mater

Which of the following special tests is NOT specific to the assessment of a nerve root pathology? a) SLR (Lasegue's) test b) Milgram test c) Gaenslen's test d) Slump test e) Well SLR

c) Gaenslen's test

Tenderness on palpation of the ischial tuberosity may indicate all but which of the following: \ a) Avulsion Fracture b) Ischial Bursitis c) Gluteus Medius Strain d) Hamstring Tendinosis

c) Gluteus Medius Strain

What injury below would require you to splint ONLY the DIP in full extension? a) Dupuytren's contracture b) Boutonniere deformity c) Mallet finger d) Jersey finge

c) Mallet finger

What fracture can be detected by holding on to the upper row of teeth and rocking them back and forth? a) Nasal b) Mandible c) Maxillary d) Zygomatic

c) Maxillary

Which test is the most widely used on the field test for assessing concussion related signs and symptoms, cognition, balance, and coordination? a) ANAM b) ImPACT test c) SCAT5 d) Glasgow Coma Score

c) SCAT5

A positive Phalen's test is indicated by which of the following signs and/or symptoms? a) Tingling along the musculocutaneous nerve sensory distribution b) Tingling along the ulnar nerve sensory distribution c) Tingling along the median nerve sensory distribution d) Tingling along the radial nerve sensory distribution

c) Tingling along the median nerve sensory distribution

If you perform a Tinel's test between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon process, what nerve are you assessing? a) Median b) Radial c) Ulnar d) Axillary e) Musculocutaneous

c) Ulnar

What should one suspect when examining an unconscious athlete who suffered a head injury? a) cervical strain b) cervical sprain c) cervical spine fracture d) torticollis

c) cervical spine fracture

A gymnast complains of bilateral low back pain with the single leg stance test and has a step off deformity approximately at L5. This pathology is a bilateral stress fracture to what portion of the vertebrae? a) Transverse processes b) Spinous processes c) Intervertebral foramen d) Pars Interarticularis

d) Pars Interarticularis

What is the one area where the right innominate articulates with the left innominate? a) Intra-innominate facet b) Lordotic tuberosity c) Greater sciatic notch d) Pubic symphysis e) They do not articulate with each other

d) Pubic symphysis

An athlete comes to you complaining of low back pain, numbness that travels to the lateral foot. He also has weakness in plantar flexion. Given this information, what nerve root irritation would you suspect? a) L3 b) L4 c) L5 d) S1

d) S1

One innominate consists of a fusion of all of these bones EXCEPT: a) Ilium b) Ischium c) Pubis d) Sacrum

d) Sacrum

A positive bowstring test indicates: a) Excessive thoracic pressure b) Spondylolysis c) Referred pain from a ruptured spleen d) Something is irritating the sciatic nerve

d) Something is irritating the sciatic nerve

Which of the following tests would NOT be positive in the presence of an L5 disc herniation? a) Lasegue's b) Milgram c) Valsalva d) Stork test

d) Stork test

A patient has been diagnosed with a pathology based on a positive Finkelstein's test. Apply your anatomical knowledge to determine which of the following resisted motions/MMTs will present with pain. a) Thumb extension and thumb abduction b) Wrist ulnar deviation and thumb flexion c) Wrist flexion and thumb extension d) Thumb abduction and wrist ulnar deviation

d) Thumb abduction and wrist ulnar deviation

Match the following location of the body where you would test the sensation of the following peripheral nerves. 1. Lateral deltoid 2. Palmer surface of the 5th finger 3. Lateral side of forearm near elbow 4. Dorsal side of hand in the webspace 5. Palmer side of index finger

1- Axillary 2-Ulnar 3- Musculocutaneous 4- Radial 5) Median

Your preceptor asks you to test the muscle strength of the deltoid and wrist extensors. What peripheral nerves would you be assessing?

Axillary and Radial

Key features of Mandibular fx

Epistaxis, lower lip parenthesia malocclusion, tmj issues

An athlete comes into the athletic training room complaining of low back pain with active extension activities. Knowing just this information, what type(s) of pathologies may this athlete be suffering from? __ Facet joint dysfunction __Erector spinae strain __Spondylolysis __Disc herniaton

No Yes No Yes

Upon evaluation of a head injury during the first quarter of a basketball game you determine that a player has experienced a concussion (you do not suspect anything else). How would you proceed with your evaluation? Choose all that apply.1. Monitor signs and symptoms throughout the contest;2. Give home instructions for individual to take home for night care;3. Return the athlete to play but wait until the fourth quarter;4. Have the athlete get a CT scan immediately a) 1,2 b) 1,4 c) 1,2,4 d) all of the above

a) 1,2

When evaluating an athlete's forearm for pain, you resist elbow flexion with the forearm pronated, and the athlete stated this elicited the most pain. All other MMTs are 5/5. Which muscle do you suspect an injury to? a) Brachialis b) Pronator teres c) Brachioradialis d) Biceps brachii

a) Brachialis

Which condition is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain and also involves the accumulation of tau protein? a) Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy b) Mild Traumatic Brain Injury c) Second Impact Syndrome d) Postconcussion syndrome

a) Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

You diagnose a patient with an avulsion fracture of the palmar side of the distal phalanx. Determine what injury has occurred if the patient has an inability to flex at the DIP.

b) Jersey finger

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, seen in children 4 to 10 years of age is called: a) Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis b) Legg-Calve Perthes disease c) Osteomyelitis dessicans d) Femoral Acetabular Impingement

b) Legg-Calve Perthes disease

An athlete who has a fractured maxilla would have all of the following signs/symptoms except: a) The appearance of a long face b) Lower lip numbness c) Malocclusion d) Nose bleed

b) Lower lip numbness

When you assess dermatomes and myotomes you are testing: a) Cranial nerves b) Nerve roots c) Peripheral nerves d) All of the above

b) Nerve roots

A senior college wrestler comes to you and reveals that 3 weeks ago he sustained a blow to the head. He thought the incident was "No big deal." He has a history of previous concussions. Today he reports that he has a persistent headache, inability to concentrate on school, and has become very moody with his peers. Select the pathology below that this athlete may be suffering from. a) Post-traumatic headache b) Post-concussion syndrome c) Subdural hematoma d) Epidural hematoma

b) Post-concussion syndrome

Kienbock's Disease is: a) avascular necrosis of the scaphoid b) avascular necrosis of the lunate c) avascular necrosis of the hamate d) none of the above

b) avascular necrosis of the lunate

According to the NATA's 2020 consensus recommendations on prehospital care of athletes with c-spine injury, what method of transfer has the best outcomes for patients in a supine position? Log-roll with a pull 8-person lift and slide Kendrick Extrication Device (KED) Log-roll with a push

b) 8-person lift and slide

All of these tendons border the anatomical snuff box EXCEPT: a) Extensor Pollicis Longus b) Abductor Pollicis Longus c) Abductor Pollicis Brevis d) Extensor Pollicis Brevis

c) Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Which muscle is NOT part of the hypothenar eminence? a) Flexor Digiti Minimi b) Opponens Digiti Minimi c) Adductor Digiti Minimi d) Abductor Digiti Minimi

c) Adductor Digiti Minimi

Spondylolisthesis is characterized by: a) A defect in the body of the vertebra b) Pain during trunk flexion c) Anterior slipping of one vertebra on another d) All of the above

c) Anterior slipping of one vertebra on another

An athlete comes into the ATR two weeks following an injury. Upon evaluation you discover the following signs: significant motor and mild sensory deficits. What grade of "burner" is this? a) Neurapraxia b) Neurotmesis c) Axonotmesis

c) Axonotmesis

All of the following are key features of a zygomatic fracture EXCEPT? a) Nosebleed b) Diplopia c) Numbness of lower lip d) Tenderness below eye orbit

c) Numbness of lower lip

Which of the following would most likely NOT be positive for a scaphoid fracture? a) TTP anatomical snuff box b) Pain with wrist extension & radial deviation c) Pain with wrist extension & ulnar deviation d) Pain with axial loading of 1st metacarpal

c) Pain with wrist extension & ulnar deviation

A runner complains of a dull ache in the posterior mid-buttocks area and has point tenderness in the same area. Strength tests reveal weakness and pain with hip abduction and external rotation. She has experienced some pain radiating down her leg. What injury do you suspect? a) Facet Joint Pathology b) SI Joint Dysfunction c) Piriformis Syndrome d) Greater Trochanter Bursitis

c) Piriformis Syndrome

What special tests are MOST appropriate when assessing an athlete who you feel may have a herniated disc? a) Shoulder depression test and Valsalva b) Shoulder depression test, Valsalva, and Adson's test c) Spurling's test and Valsalva d) Spurling's test, Valsalva, and Allen's test

c) Spurling's test and Valsalva

Which type of an athlete would be most susceptible to getting lateral epicondylitis? a) Baseball b) Football c) Tennis d) Volleyball

c) Tennis

When you ask an athlete to shrug their shoulders what cranial nerve(s) are being assessed through their completion of this task? a) 8 b) 9 c) 10 d) 11

d) 11

Identify what cranial nerves are specifically being assessed if you have an athlete follow your finger as you complete the letter X and T in the air and assess pupil response? a) 3,4,7 b) 2,3,5 c) 2,3,6 d) 3,4,6

d) 3,4,6

What possible signs could an individual with thoracic outlet syndrome present with? a) Vascular problems b) Nerve problems c) Tight pectoralis minor d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following describes the inability of an athlete to remember events after the injury has occurred? a) Retrograde amnesia b) Unconsciousness c) Tinnitus d) Anterograde amnesia

d) Anterograde amnesia

A softball player is involved in a collision while sliding into second base and fails to get up. When you get to her, you see that her left hip is in a position of flexion and internal rotation and she is not willing to move it. What should you do next? a) Assist her off of the field (partial weight bearing) b) Assist her off of the field (non weight bearing) c) Reduce her hip d) Call EMS

d) Call EMS

A fracture of the distal radius and ulna that is displaced dorsally is commonly referred to as a: a) Smith fracture b) Rolando fracture c) Bennett fracture d) Colles fracture

d) Colles fracture

Choose which tests below assess memory and concentration function. Question options: a) BESS, delayed recall, serial 7s, b) BESS, Romberg test, consensual light reflex testing c) Delayed recall, serial 7s, Romberg test, d) Delayed recall, serial 7s, months of year backwards

d) Delayed recall, serial 7s, months of year backwards

Which of the following eye injuries is painless and results in the athlete seeing floating specks, flashes of light and having blurred vision? a) Hyphema b) Conjunctivitis c) Corneal abrasion d) Detached retina

d) Detached retina

The term spinal motion restriction implies: a) Complete spinal immobilization is unlikely to occur, regardless of the device or technique applied b) A cervical collar is most effective in immobilizing the cervical spine c) Manual stabilization is superior in reducing spinal motion d) In a spine-injured patient complete restriction of motion is imperative to achieve

d) In a spine-injured patient complete restriction of motion is imperative to achieve

Cozen's test is used to evaluate which of the following pathologies? a) Biceps tendonitis b) Carpal tunnel syndrome c) Medial epicondylitis d) Lateral epicondylitis

d) Lateral epicondylitis

What carpal bone is the most commonly dislocated? Question options: a) Hamate b) Scaphoid c) Pisiform d) Lunate e) Triquetrum

d) Lunate

When speaking with a parent about the administration of OTC medications for head injuries, it is important to remember. a) Advil is recommended b) Aspirin is recommended c) Ibuprofen is recommended d) Medication is not advised

d) Medication is not advised

Which of the following is a reason why pediatric patients are more vulnerable to concussion compared to adults? a) the brain is still developing b) greater head-to-body ratio c) weaker neck musculature d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

What is the name of the gelatinous interior within a vertebral disc? a) dorsal root ganglion b) stenosis c) annulus fibrosus d) nucleus pulposus

d) nucleus pulposus

Which tendon(s) is/are affected with DeQuervain's disease? a) Extensor pollicis longus b) Extensor pollicis brevis c) Abductor pollicis longus d) Both A & B e) Both B & C

e) Both B & C

A patient complains of pain in the hypothenar mass after striking the ground with a golf club. He complains of pain, is point tender in the hypothenar eminence, has a decrease in grip strength, and has pain with RROM abduction of the small finger. Interpret the findings to diagnose his injury. a) Triquetrum Fracture b) Muscle Strain c) TFCC Tear d) Pisiform Fracture e) Hamate Fracture

e) Hamate Fracture

Predict the key clinical evaluation finding for an athlete who has likely suffered a radial collateral sprain of her 1st MCP joint after "jamming" her thumb at basketball practice. a) Positive axial load test b) Pain with PROM c) Positive valgus stress test d) Pain with AROM e) Positive varus stress test

e) Positive varus stress test

Based upon your answer in number 6, what pathology do you suspect?

hip dislocation

The name of the brachial plexus cord which is derived from the upper trunk is the ______ cord.

lateral

What statistical measure provides a rate of true negatives among individuals who do NOT have the condition being tested (i.e. the number of true negatives compared to false positives)? sensitivity specificity positive predictive value negative predictive value

specificity