Final Exam Study Guide PE 341
Max heart rate
220 minus your age
Cabs and Proteins
4 Kcals
Alcohol
7 kcal/g
A football player/linebacker is attempting to lose 12 pounds of fat weight in the offseason in order to be more competitive. You recommend an exercise regimen with moderate dietary restrictions where the player will lose two pounds of fat per week. How many calories per week does the athlete (intake versus expenditures) have to shed in order to meet the goal?
7000
Fat
9 kcals
Macrocycle
A longer period of time in a training design, usually months or years
Mode
A particular for or variety of something
Microcycle
A short period of time in a training design, usually days or weeks
Which of following are fat soluable vitamins?
A, D, E, and K
ATP depletion
Adenosine tri-phoshate cannot be produced in the needed time
Metabolic acidosis
An accumulation of lactate and H ions in the blood
Mesocycle
An intermediate period of time in a training design
Which of the following are decreased when the body becomes dehydrated from extended rigorous exercise?
Blood plasma volume Cardiac output
Ectomorphy
Body type long and lean, predominance of nervous tissue
Mesomorphy
Body type muscular build, predominance of muscle tissue
Endomorphy
Body type short and round, predominance of adipose tissue
Which of the following electrolyte ions binds to troponin which facilitates the muscle contraction?
Calcium
Which of the following is the energy source that consist of an adenosine group and three inorganic phosphates?
Carbohydrate
PCr depletion
Cells run short of the phosphocreatine use to quickly generate ATP
Catabolism
Cellular atrophy due to metabolic wasting
The brain and central nervous system an unable to maintain the necessary motivation and coordination to maintain exercise intensity. This is an example of:
Central Fatigue
Which of the following are signs of fatigue due to ATP and PCr depletion?
Clumsy movements Inability to maintain pace or exercise intensity Muscle pain or discomfort
Protein
Composed of amino acids, not preferred as metabolic fuel source
Concentric
Correct match: Isotonic contraction where muscle shortens with resistance (positive contraction)
Which of the following muscle fiber types would be found to be in abundance in an Olympic sprinter?
Fast Glycolytic
A condition of exercise where performance plateaus but with proper recovery adaptation and improved performance occurs.
Functional Overreaching
During time in which the body has depleted carbohydrate and fat stores during intense exercise, the catabolic process of metabolizing protein as a fuel source is called:
Gluconeogensis
Which of the following is the simplest form of carbohydrate used for cellular metabolism?
Glucose
Monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose, fructose
Polysaccharides
Glycogen, cellulose
Which of the following are adverse effects of and inherent risks of using erythropoetin as an ergogenic (performance enhancing) drug.
High Blood Pressure Stroke Heart Attack
Hyperthermia
High Body temperature
Which of the following are adaptations to aerobic training?
Increase blood flow from heart to lungs Increased size of left ventricle Increased stroke volume
Which of the following are physical effects of dehydration?
Increased resting core temperature Increased heart rate Increased skin temperature
Please choose all that apply: Which of the following is true regarding testosterone?
Is responsible for stimulating protein synthesis in the muscle cell is the hormone substance that anabolic steroids are synthesized to mimic Produces an anabolic effect that influences and increase in muscle strength and size
Hypovolemia
Low blood volume
VO2 Max
Maximal oxygen consumption
Distress
Micro or macro stresses that lead to injury
Fructose and galactose are classified as which of the following?
Monosaccharides
Which of the following are positive characteristics of properly training within your physiological stress window?
Muscle Hypertrophy Cellular Anabolism Eustress
Isotonic contraction
Muscle contracts and joint angle changes allowing for motion to occur
Isometric contraction
Muscle contracts but with no change in joint angle
Please order the following muscle components and structures in order from smallest to largest.
Myofilament Myofibril Muscle Fiber Muscle Muscle Group
Respirations
Normative 12-16 rpm
Blood pressure
Normative 120/80
Resting heart rate
Normative 60-80 bpm
Choose all that apply: Which of the following are factors that may contribute to athletic success
Nutrition Coaching and Training Genetics
Choose all that apply: Which of the following true regarding glycogen?
Of the total energy stored in the body, 4% of it is stored as glycogen in the muscle and liver Glycogen is technically a concentrated form of carbohydrate Glycogen is classified as a polysaccharide
Irritability, inability to focus, and weight loss are common symptoms of this:
Overtraining
Leukocyte is to pathogen defense as erythrocyte is to
Oxygen Transport
Diastole
Pressure on arterial pathways between contractions
Systole
Pressure on arterial pathways during ventricular contraction
Reversibility
Principle which states adaptations to training will be lost with sedentary behavior
Hormesis
Proper stress induces positive adaptations
Which of the following are true regarding VO2 Maximum?
Referred to as Maximal O2 Consumption Measured in ml/kg/min Typical values range from 20 to 90 ml/kg/min
Electrolytes
Sodium, potassium, and phosphorus
Choose all that apply: Which of the following are characteristics of skeletal muscle?
Striated Voluntary Multinucleated
Balke protocol
Submax VO2 max protocol where treadmill speed is steady but grade is incremental
Disaccharides
Sucrose, lactose
Evaporative heat exchange
Sweating - the process in which we cool our body temperature
Which of the following are components of the central nervous system?
The Brain The Spinal Cord
Agiltity
The ability to change directions quickly and accurately
Workload
The amount of work expected, assigned, or accomplished
SAID Principle
The body adapts specifically to the given stresses that are places upon it
Training Volume
The composite of training variables
Fatigue
The inability to perform or complete a task
Intensity
The magnitude of effort
Anabolism
The physiological building of cells that leads to hypertrophic muscular growth
Adaptation
The process by which various changes in the body enable it to adjust to a new environment
Blood doping
The process of removing RBCs from blood and returning them to the blood stream after training and prior to an event
Glycogen depletion
The storage form of glucose in muscles falls to low levels
Hemopoiesis
The systemic process of producing replenishing blood volume when there is a volume decrease
Progressive overload
The training load should repetitiously be increased in order to sustain physical growth
Which of the following are examples of metabolic processes involving adenosine triphosphate?
Tissue Repair Protein synthesis and breakdown Oxidation of Carbs and Fats
Specificity
Training should reflect the specific demands of the sport or activity
Essential Amino Acids
Tryptophan, Lysine, Leucine
Slow oxidative
Type I fiber type associated with muscular endurance
Fast Glycolytic Fiber
Type II fiber type associated with speed and strength
Periodization
Varying the mode, intensity, duration and frequency of a program
Please trace a red blood cell through each chamber of the heart by placing the following in discrete order. Begin with venous blood flow from the vena cava.
Venous Blood from inferior/superior vena cava Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle Pulmonic Valve-Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary circulation through lungs to re-oxygenate blood Pulmonary veins to left atrium Mitral/bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve to systemic circulation
Respiratory exchange ratio
Volume of CO2 produced divided by volume of O2 used during exercise
Leukocytes
White blood cells
The process of performing moderate exercise for long period of time in order to oxidize fat stores and turn them into usable metabolic fuel is called:
aerobic glycolysis
Sensory Neuron
afferent pathway
Non-essential amino acids
alanine, arginine, proline
Which of the following is an example of an omega 3 fatty acid?
all of the above (Fish, shellfish, soybean oil)
The processing and metabolizing glycogen stored in the muscle and turning them into glucose for quick energy is called:
anaerobic glycolysis
Which of the following muscle types are involuntarily controlled and striated in appearance and structure.
cardiac muscle
hemoglobin
component of RBC that binds to oxygen
motor neuron
efferent pathway
Choose all that apply: Which of the following are connective tissues that bind muscle and support muscles and muscle fibers?
endomysium perimysium epimysium
The study of how the body responds to exercise and adapts to physical training is:
exercise physiology
Erythropoietin
hormone that stimulates red blood cell production
Disrupted neural transmission
impaired neuron activity
Eccentric
isotonic contraction where muscle lengthens against resistance (negative contraction)
Hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
Hematocrit
ratio of RBC's to WBC and plasma in blood
erythrocyte
red blood cell
Individuality
reflects the innate differences in ability to adapt to the stresses of exercise
The principle that states that, positively or negatively, our body adapts to the given stresses that are place on it is called:
the SAID principle