Final Exam Study Guide PE 341

Max heart rate

220 minus your age

Cabs and Proteins

4 Kcals

Alcohol

7 kcal/g

A football player/linebacker is attempting to lose 12 pounds of fat weight in the offseason in order to be more competitive. You recommend an exercise regimen with moderate dietary restrictions where the player will lose two pounds of fat per week. How many calories per week does the athlete (intake versus expenditures) have to shed in order to meet the goal?

7000

Fat

9 kcals

Macrocycle

A longer period of time in a training design, usually months or years

Mode

A particular for or variety of something

Microcycle

A short period of time in a training design, usually days or weeks

Which of following are fat soluable vitamins?

A, D, E, and K

ATP depletion

Adenosine tri-phoshate cannot be produced in the needed time

Metabolic acidosis

An accumulation of lactate and H ions in the blood

Mesocycle

An intermediate period of time in a training design

Which of the following are decreased when the body becomes dehydrated from extended rigorous exercise?

Blood plasma volume Cardiac output

Ectomorphy

Body type long and lean, predominance of nervous tissue

Mesomorphy

Body type muscular build, predominance of muscle tissue

Endomorphy

Body type short and round, predominance of adipose tissue

Which of the following electrolyte ions binds to troponin which facilitates the muscle contraction?

Calcium

Which of the following is the energy source that consist of an adenosine group and three inorganic phosphates?

Carbohydrate

PCr depletion

Cells run short of the phosphocreatine use to quickly generate ATP

Catabolism

Cellular atrophy due to metabolic wasting

The brain and central nervous system an unable to maintain the necessary motivation and coordination to maintain exercise intensity. This is an example of:

Central Fatigue

Which of the following are signs of fatigue due to ATP and PCr depletion?

Clumsy movements Inability to maintain pace or exercise intensity Muscle pain or discomfort

Protein

Composed of amino acids, not preferred as metabolic fuel source

Concentric

Correct match: Isotonic contraction where muscle shortens with resistance (positive contraction)

Which of the following muscle fiber types would be found to be in abundance in an Olympic sprinter?

Fast Glycolytic

A condition of exercise where performance plateaus but with proper recovery adaptation and improved performance occurs.

Functional Overreaching

During time in which the body has depleted carbohydrate and fat stores during intense exercise, the catabolic process of metabolizing protein as a fuel source is called:

Gluconeogensis

Which of the following is the simplest form of carbohydrate used for cellular metabolism?

Glucose

Monosaccharides

Glucose, galactose, fructose

Polysaccharides

Glycogen, cellulose

Which of the following are adverse effects of and inherent risks of using erythropoetin as an ergogenic (performance enhancing) drug.

High Blood Pressure Stroke Heart Attack

Hyperthermia

High Body temperature

Which of the following are adaptations to aerobic training?

Increase blood flow from heart to lungs Increased size of left ventricle Increased stroke volume

Which of the following are physical effects of dehydration?

Increased resting core temperature Increased heart rate Increased skin temperature

Please choose all that apply: Which of the following is true regarding testosterone?

Is responsible for stimulating protein synthesis in the muscle cell is the hormone substance that anabolic steroids are synthesized to mimic Produces an anabolic effect that influences and increase in muscle strength and size

Hypovolemia

Low blood volume

VO2 Max

Maximal oxygen consumption

Distress

Micro or macro stresses that lead to injury

Fructose and galactose are classified as which of the following?

Monosaccharides

Which of the following are positive characteristics of properly training within your physiological stress window?

Muscle Hypertrophy Cellular Anabolism Eustress

Isotonic contraction

Muscle contracts and joint angle changes allowing for motion to occur

Isometric contraction

Muscle contracts but with no change in joint angle

Please order the following muscle components and structures in order from smallest to largest.

Myofilament Myofibril Muscle Fiber Muscle Muscle Group

Respirations

Normative 12-16 rpm

Blood pressure

Normative 120/80

Resting heart rate

Normative 60-80 bpm

Choose all that apply: Which of the following are factors that may contribute to athletic success

Nutrition Coaching and Training Genetics

Choose all that apply: Which of the following true regarding glycogen?

Of the total energy stored in the body, 4% of it is stored as glycogen in the muscle and liver Glycogen is technically a concentrated form of carbohydrate Glycogen is classified as a polysaccharide

Irritability, inability to focus, and weight loss are common symptoms of this:

Overtraining

Leukocyte is to pathogen defense as erythrocyte is to

Oxygen Transport

Diastole

Pressure on arterial pathways between contractions

Systole

Pressure on arterial pathways during ventricular contraction

Reversibility

Principle which states adaptations to training will be lost with sedentary behavior

Hormesis

Proper stress induces positive adaptations

Which of the following are true regarding VO2 Maximum?

Referred to as Maximal O2 Consumption Measured in ml/kg/min Typical values range from 20 to 90 ml/kg/min

Electrolytes

Sodium, potassium, and phosphorus

Choose all that apply: Which of the following are characteristics of skeletal muscle?

Striated Voluntary Multinucleated

Balke protocol

Submax VO2 max protocol where treadmill speed is steady but grade is incremental

Disaccharides

Sucrose, lactose

Evaporative heat exchange

Sweating - the process in which we cool our body temperature

Which of the following are components of the central nervous system?

The Brain The Spinal Cord

Agiltity

The ability to change directions quickly and accurately

Workload

The amount of work expected, assigned, or accomplished

SAID Principle

The body adapts specifically to the given stresses that are places upon it

Training Volume

The composite of training variables

Fatigue

The inability to perform or complete a task

Intensity

The magnitude of effort

Anabolism

The physiological building of cells that leads to hypertrophic muscular growth

Adaptation

The process by which various changes in the body enable it to adjust to a new environment

Blood doping

The process of removing RBCs from blood and returning them to the blood stream after training and prior to an event

Glycogen depletion

The storage form of glucose in muscles falls to low levels

Hemopoiesis

The systemic process of producing replenishing blood volume when there is a volume decrease

Progressive overload

The training load should repetitiously be increased in order to sustain physical growth

Which of the following are examples of metabolic processes involving adenosine triphosphate?

Tissue Repair Protein synthesis and breakdown Oxidation of Carbs and Fats

Specificity

Training should reflect the specific demands of the sport or activity

Essential Amino Acids

Tryptophan, Lysine, Leucine

Slow oxidative

Type I fiber type associated with muscular endurance

Fast Glycolytic Fiber

Type II fiber type associated with speed and strength

Periodization

Varying the mode, intensity, duration and frequency of a program

Please trace a red blood cell through each chamber of the heart by placing the following in discrete order. Begin with venous blood flow from the vena cava.

Venous Blood from inferior/superior vena cava Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle Pulmonic Valve-Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary circulation through lungs to re-oxygenate blood Pulmonary veins to left atrium Mitral/bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve to systemic circulation

Respiratory exchange ratio

Volume of CO2 produced divided by volume of O2 used during exercise

Leukocytes

White blood cells

The process of performing moderate exercise for long period of time in order to oxidize fat stores and turn them into usable metabolic fuel is called:

aerobic glycolysis

Sensory Neuron

afferent pathway

Non-essential amino acids

alanine, arginine, proline

Which of the following is an example of an omega 3 fatty acid?

all of the above (Fish, shellfish, soybean oil)

The processing and metabolizing glycogen stored in the muscle and turning them into glucose for quick energy is called:

anaerobic glycolysis

Which of the following muscle types are involuntarily controlled and striated in appearance and structure.

cardiac muscle

hemoglobin

component of RBC that binds to oxygen

motor neuron

efferent pathway

Choose all that apply: Which of the following are connective tissues that bind muscle and support muscles and muscle fibers?

endomysium perimysium epimysium

The study of how the body responds to exercise and adapts to physical training is:

exercise physiology

Erythropoietin

hormone that stimulates red blood cell production

Disrupted neural transmission

impaired neuron activity

Eccentric

isotonic contraction where muscle lengthens against resistance (negative contraction)

Hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

Hematocrit

ratio of RBC's to WBC and plasma in blood

erythrocyte

red blood cell

Individuality

reflects the innate differences in ability to adapt to the stresses of exercise

The principle that states that, positively or negatively, our body adapts to the given stresses that are place on it is called:

the SAID principle