final examen criminal justice
Cyber crime consists of at least three features. the act was committed using:
a computer a "victim" computer and an intermediary network
Extreme Nationalism
anti castro groups
left wing extremism (1960)
anti technology, social
cocaine
appears species of plants white powder substances
order maintenance
arranging your community to be better place to live neighborhood watch out
drug related crimes
behaviors or actually usage of drugs
other drugs
cannabis- marijuana- creates restlessness, mellowness, sensory perceptions may be elevated and memory and rational thought are impaired steriods- inhalants- vapors hallucinogens-
Heroine
color from black and white: - A derivative of opium found in a poppy plant - highly addictive drug that can be smoked or injected - produces intense euphoria and relieves pain - tolerance for the drug increases with each use - withdraws include: watery eyes, vomiting, restlessness, irritability, insomnia, tremors
Social Disorganization Theory
contemporaries- shaw and McKay theory that deviant behavior is more likely in communities where social institutions such as the family, schools, and the criminal justice system fails to exert control over that population
We are a society organized for crime:
corrections and public safety,
5 characteristics associated with organized crime groups
corruption- violence- continuity- multiple enterprises- structure and involvement in legitimate business-
stimulants
creates of energy
amphetamine
effects to take a little longer for pleasures
"American Dream"
everything is possible: the goal of accumulating material goods and wealth through in individual competition, the process of being socialized to purse material success and to believe it is achievable. there is a dark side to the american dream
extremist groups
extreme ideology
By any means necessary
getting the American dream no matter what it takes
popular explanations of violence
guns inequality and homicides urban violence the drug trade the code on the streets
Gun related Crimes
guns involve with crime
anti hate crime legislation
hate crime statistics act of 1990 violent crime control and law enforcement act of 1994 church arson prevention act of 1996 campus hate crimes rights to know of 1997 Matthew shepard and james byrd, jr. hate crimes prevention act of 2009
the politics of crime
help from government reduce to do crime and refuse to work poor were dangerous and cause problems what rich people think abusing government help
what are human rights?
incarceration- death penalty-
Micro level
individual: approaches to crime control that are more isolated geographically
crimes associated with drugs
involve illegal drugs being influences by them
Anomie
lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group
Criminal Deviance Theory
lower class provides more crimes:
Ships in the night
miss communication result to violent
Serious Crime of America
more immediate danger by gangs violence then terrorist attacks
crime as entertainment
movies- involving crime, violence TV shows (soap operas, series)-greater tv rating the greater profit (teasiers clip) reality based on cop shows- prison stories (500 shows) combine reality not real
6 characteristics shared by terrorists
no rules no innocents economy publicity individual therapy varied objectives
White Collar Crime
offenses committed by the middle class and upper middle class people in their business and social activities. examples: goods company, theft or property by computer software, fraudulent use of credit card, automatic teller machines social response to white collar crimes serious crime and quality of life
Oxycodone
produces in a labertory for pain to relief
trends of drug/alcohol use
prohibition- marijuana tax act-effect the countercultural movement- lead huge increase in crimes war of drugs-
local institutions
provides order, protection
types of terrorism
revolutionary political nationalist cause based
juvenile incentives
rewards that materials bring dropping out of school little family values
drug defined crime
sell or persecution of drugs
Religiously Motivated extremism
smaller religious sex
Crime Control
solution- the means to an end outcome- that which is likely to be affected by the solution a model of the criminal justices system that assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to repress crime..
Race and Criminal Violence
someone committing a crime against a person of color
Fear of Crime
the actual odds of being victimized or the subjective or perceived risk of victimization: refers to the fear of being a victim of crime as opposed to the actual probability of being a victim of crime.
return of capital punishment
the death penalty
Issues related to civil liberties
the torture debate human rights U.S.A Patriot Act of 2001
An attitudinal concept
where the community forms a general attitude that it can work and:
A Structural concept
where the community takes the belief (or attitude) to do something about it.
what is the answer to crime and drugs?
"get tough"
methamphetamine
(meth) common form amphetamine crystal come variety forms poison gas
4 interrelated factors underline the unusually high rate of interpersonal homicides in America
* a profusion of guns makes assaultive behavior much more likely to result in death. *high levels of economic and racial inequality, die drunk partially in areas of concentrated urban poverty driving *the illegal drug trade (drug turf and deals gone bad) *meager job opportunities and a code on the street that prizes respect and regards violence as a necessary means
drugs and violence are related to each other through 3 different ways
1. Psychopharmacological- commit a crime or is under the influence 2. Economic Compulsive Violence- commit crime for drugs 3. Systemic Violence-
Three strikes and you're out
26 states have this, third offenses you get a severer punishment such as life sentences
Identify Churches
Aryon the posse comitatus the covenant, the sword and the arm of the lord (CSA) The Christian-Patriot Defense League
Differential Learning Theory
Cressey & Sutherland: social mechanism whereby we learn criminal behavior
types of crimes
Crime against People -direct violence or threat of violence * assault, robbery Crimes against Property - the taking of money or property from another without force, the threat of force or the destruction of property. *crime occurs when an individual is removed: burglary Street Crimes - drug, property: where their property is snatched and the victim is not assaulted. * typical crime that occurs every day Violent Crimes-the act of using force or the threat of force against others *sexual assault, arm robbery, violence occur or pental violence Drug Crimes - drug trafficking, selling drugs or being influences and committing a crime Juvenile Crimes-violation of the law by young people try to help kids, usually only punished until 18. *crimes committed by juveniles 1980's growth of youth gangs: combinations of youth committing crimes. White Collar Crimes-person of high social position *non-violent crime, committed by people who are in a leadership role. Organized Crimes -business supply illegal goods or services gambling and drugs *illegal acts Hate Crimes-criminals offense against a person, property or society motivated by the offender's biases against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation or ethnicity. *a crime comes first and look at the person why he/she do it. going to towards individual group Terrorism - Violent act or act dangerous to human life in violation of the criminal laws of the U.S. or of any state, that is committed to intimidate or coerce a govt, the civilian PPP, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives *one or more by one person against a country or government dislike whats going on. Minor Crimes - is a crime that is not serious littering. it's not that important in the world
2 basic dimensions of social organization are
Culture -an integrated pattern of learned human behavior traits including thoughts, communication, actions beliefs, values, the institutions of an ethnic, religious, or social group. social structure-then pattern of social organization and the interrelationship among institutions characteristic of a society social learning theory- central concept is cognitive functioning: the ability to think and make choices--people learn new behaviors through modeling vicarious learning by watching others. strain theory-theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legitimate means
Commonly abused drugs
Depressants- slow down or depress nerves activity Alcohol- down to your bloodstream Binge Drinking- overload drinking Barbiturates- to a comma Tranquilizers-sleep Narcotics- Morphine- relief of physical pain
Typologies of Terrorism
Domestic terrorism- international terrorism- state sponsored terrorism- dissident terrorism-agaisnt the government rebellions groups religious terrorism-modivating terrorism acts of a belief the national counter terrorism center-information about terrorism criminal terrorism- groups against each other
There are 4 social structure that comprise the central focus of crime
Economy- consist organizations the good of sources Political System-goverment provide for us Family-provides initial social organization process Education-embrace cultural standards
the death penalty cases
GA v. Furman- Gregg v. GA-rewrote preciers
the social distribution of Crime
Gender-females are more engaged in their family provides care. compassionate to help someone else. Race-overall reason general level Poverty- lack of opportunities juveniles-young people finding group to organize
Macro Level
Group: approaches to crime control that are intended to have dramatic and desirable effect on crime in an entire neighborhood. city, state, or even across the nation.
Types of Offenses
Hacking- Identity Theft- Child Pornography- Internet Fraud- Cyber Talking-
International Extremist Groups
Hamas- Hezbollah- Islamic Jihad- Al Qaeda- ISIS-
Modern polices related to reducing drug use
Interdiction- The interception of drug traffic at the nation's borders. Interdiction is one of the many strategies used to stem the flow of illegal drugs into the United States. Eradication- getting rid of drugs: mechanical where drugs come from burning to get rid of drugs Drug Courts-A special state, county or municipal court that offers first-time substance abuse offenders judicially mandated and court-supervised treatment alternatives Maintenance- Decriminalization- The redefinition of certain previously criminal behaviors into regulated activities that could produce a fine rather than incarceration Harm Reduction-
Crime and Public Opinion
Is incarceration working?
Types of Criminal Organizations
Mafia
Mafia Code
Omerta- loyalty-indivduals before family Respect-respect one another Discipline-orders are carry out
there are physical and behavioral manifestations
Physical Manifestation- Behavioral Manifestation-
Street Crime vs. White Collar Crime
Street-Murder, Drug, property, violent crimes: non-violent crime committed by business or government professional for financial gain. White Collar-committed by people with high social status opportunities includes cybercrime *
Hate Crime laws in most states fall into one of 3 categories
Substantive hate crime sentence reporting statutes
Hate Crimes has been categorized into three types which reflect motives:
Thrill-Seeking hate crimes Reactive hate crimes mission hate crimes
Agencies responsible for homeland security
Transportation Security Administration (TSA) U.S Customs and Boarder Protection U.S Citizenship and Immigration Service U.S Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) U.S Secret Services Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) U.S Coast Guard