FINAL FALL 2018
Variations in human skin color
Balance the danger of exposure to sunlight with the need for Vitamin D
The first Africans were introduced into colonial society as:
Indentured servants
Which city was founded first
Sante Fe, New Mexico
Slavery was founded on and maintained by
violence
Much of the southwest became U.S. territory in _____ as a result of:
1848; the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
In US immigration law, quotas for each origin country were established in what year?
1924
Approximately what percentage of Southern whites owned slaves?
25%
As late as the 1920's, _________ of employed Irish-born women in the United States worked as domestics
81%
Which intermarriage best illustrates Kennedy's concept of the "triple melting pot?"
A marriage between a Polish Jew man and a Russian Jewish woman
According to Marxism, the capitalist class in the early twentieth century controlled the racially mixed working class by:
A strategy of divide and conquer
Marx believed that conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat was inevitable and that the ultimate result of this class struggle would be:
ALL OF THE ABOVE The Victory of the working class, The creation of a utopian society without exploitation, coercion, or inequality, A classless society
The movement to abolish slavery in the United States was called
Abolitionism
The intensity, strength, and popularity of anti-black southern racism actually reached its height:
Almost 200 years after slavery began to emerge
The process of assimilation could be illustrated by:
An immigrant learning the language of her new country
Which group benefited the most from the Gold Rush of 1849
Anglos
The two groups projected to increase dramatically in the United States over the next half century are:
Asian and Pacific Islanders and Hispanic Americans
In the plantation hierarchy, who had the least power
Black women
According to the preference hierarchy of immigrants, which of the following groups would have encountered the most prejudice in America?
Catholic, non-English speaking Italian immigrants
According to the text, which of the following prominent Americans espoused anti-semantic views?
Charles Lindbergh
Which of the following is thought to be an important cause of authoritarian personalities?
Childhood experiences in excessively strict home situations
Tamara comments to her partner that their neighbor, Sam, must be a "welfare cheat" because Sam receives food stamps but just purchased a new smartphone. Tamara's comment illustrates an example of
Cognitive prejudice
The Robber's Cave experiment supports that idea that prejudice can be caused by:
Conflict situations between groups
Marxism also explains a group competition and prejudice by suggesting
Elites control the means of production and also the ideas and intellectual activity in a society
____________ is the tendency to judge other groups, societies, or lifestyles by the standards of one's own culture
Ethnocentrism
Which of the following is not an example of a cultural trait that may be associated with minority status?
Facial features
Many years ago, a European American storeowner in a racist town succombed to pressures from others and agreed to ban African Americans from his shop, even though he himself was not prejudiced at all. This merchant was an example of Merton's:
Fair-weather liberal
Researchers taking a "nurture" perspective argue that women and men are different because
Girls and boys are taught to act in different ways
According to Weber, a princess who was rich but "fell on hard times" and lost all of her wealth would be
High on prestige, low on class
Strong norms of patriarchy determined the appropriate work for Italian female immigrants. They tended to work:
In jobs that could be done at home and with older men in factory settings
The creation of slavery is best understood by the concept(s) of:
Institutional discrimination, power, Inequality
Which of the following are documented ways slaves could express resistance or non-cooperation to their situation and their "masters"?
Intentional carelessness, creating work slowdowns, running away, open rebellion such as the revolt led by Nat Turner
Social structure is divided into primary and secondary sectors. Primary sector; refers to:
Interpersonal relationships that are intimate and personal such as families and friendship groups
Which immigrant group was the most active in labor unions during the early 20th century?
Irish
Which of the following illustrates a limitation of human capital theory?
It assumes that society is equally open and fair to all groups.
Which of the following characteristics is not typical of ascribed status?
It can be altered through hard work and motivation
How did the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of 1911 affect labor relations?
It inspired the drive for improved work conditions and safety regulations
When minority groups in a society are exploited and held in a powerless status by the dominant group, which of the following stereotypes is most likely to emerge about that minority group?
Lazy
Michelle is a poor African America woman. Her race, class, and gender may combine to produce a unique kind of inequality. The concept that describes this phenomenon is known as:
Matrix of domination
One difference in the situations of Mexican Americans and African Americans in the nineteenth century was that:
Mexican Americans were able to retain much more of theor culture
The idea that racism is changing form to a more subtle way of expressing negative feelings is called:
Modern racism
Some research suggests prejudice is declining in the United States. What suggests it might not be declining?
Modern racism & hate crimes
In which state did the Mexican Americans retain political power during the contact situation
New Mexico
According to the text, which term most accurately describes all societies?
Patriarchal
Societies that have a tradition of male dominance where men have more control over the economy and leadership positions in religion, politics, and other institutions are:
Patriarchal
Which of the following best explains "irrational" forms of prejudice?
Personality- centered theories
Which of the following is an example of Max Weber's prestige stratification system?
Physical appearance
What is the common thread among the three power/conflict models of group competition and prejudice?
Prejudice exists because someone or some group gains by it
In Milton Gordon's stages of Assimilation, what phase immediately precedes marital assimilation?
Primary structural integration
Most reported hate crimes are
Racially motivated, with blacks as a target
Rosa was an Italian woman who immigrated to the United States in 1900 with her parents and sister. Which member of Rosa's family would most likely be completely assimilated?
Rosa's great granddaughter
Which of the following people best illustrates the difference between prestige and class?
Shirley Umphlett, the African American whose parents moved to New York from Alabama in the 1920s.
Which of the following is not one of the defining characteristics of a minority group?
Small group size
Which of the following are true about the stratification in American Indian societies prior to European contact?
Some American Indian societies were highly stratified, and many practiced various forms of slavery. Some American Indian societies were patriarchal and followed a strict, gender-based division of labor, but others were more equal. In many tribes, women held positions of great responsibility, including roles in religion, politics, warfare, and the economy.
You hear someone say that "all women are bad drivers," "all Asians are smart," and "all Latinos drive low-riders." These are examples of:
Stereotypes
A person sees a Mexican American male and assumes he is an illegal immigrant. This is an example of:
Stereotyping
Which of the following is not an example of the effective dimension of prejudice?
Stereotyping and overgeneralizations
_________________ assimilation occurs when a minority group enters the secondary sector of the larger society and occupies the same public institutions such as churches, clubs, schools, and workplaces
Structural
Friends are to the primary sector as __________ are to the secondary sector.
Task oriented groups
Why do the majority of American Indians now live in the western two thirds of the nation?
The Indian Removal Act of 1930 required that all eastern tribes move to new lands west of the Mississippi
Which experiment illustrated the connection between group competition and prejudice?
The Robber's Cave experiment
The concept of multiculturalism includes:
The idea of mutual respect for all groups and heritages
Which form of agricultural production involves large tracts of land and a large, cheap labor force?
The plantation system
Which two factors had the most influence on the growth of slavery?
The plantation system and the dwindling supply of white indentured servants
Melting pot is a term for:
The traditional perspective on assimilation, how diverse peoples helped to construct US society, assimilation as egalitarian and benign, a process that emphasizes sharing and inclusion
Women can be viewed as a minority group because:
They are physically identifiable as different from men and they have less property, prestige and power in our society
White statement is true about female immigrants?
They played multiple roles in immigration and assimilation
How did slave owners use Christianity to brainwash slaves into accepting their status?
They stressed obedience and the rewards of the next life.
What is one similarity among the three minority groups discussed in the chapter?
They were all victims of the expansion of British power
Prejudice is to discrimination as:
Thinking is to doing
Emory Bogardus specified a total of seven degrees of social distance. Which of the following is not one of them?
To my church as fellow parishioners
You work at the local bank as a loan processor. Although you believe that whites and African Americans should be treated equally, your boss demands that you turn down any loans requested by African Americans. According to your text, you are a(n):
Unprejudiced nondiscriminator
Which of the following were false regarding slave women's experiences?
Women tended to work fewer hours than male slaves
According to the National Origins Act of 1924, what was the quota for immigrants form Africa?
Zero
The "feeling" aspect of prejudice is called the ________ dimension
affective
All of the following are beliefs of modern racists except
an awareness that they themselves are prejudiced
Compared to separatists, minority groups who promote revolution seek to:
become the ruling elite
Which group was considered to be at the bottom of the system in the antebellum south?
black, female slaves
Concerns about undocumented immigrants, resistance to racial change, and fear about increased diversity are examples of how prejudice
can be used to defend a dominant group's position
According to Weber, a person who became rich by cleaning septic tanks would be higher on ______ but lower on ______.
class, prestige
One of the major criticisms of modern racism is it seems to:
confuse prejudice with political conservatism
According to the text, the most important factor in the creation of minority group status is the
contact situation
Ethnocentrism, competition, and differential in power are the three components of the
contact situation
The reduction in overt prejudice over the past six decades is likely due to a decline in _________ prejudice.
culture-based
Human capital theorists believe that the greater investment in ______, the higher the person's chances of success.
education, personal values, and skills
The increasing interconnectedness of people, groups, organizations, and nations is referred to as
globalization
Research suggests that immigration to the United States was largely a(n) ___________ phenomenon.
group
Pluralism exists when:
groups remain separate, and their cultural and social differences persist over time
One reason the jigsaw method is so effective at reducing prejudice in children is
it taps into students' motives of self-interest
Our understanding of the experiences of minority groups is typically based on the voices of
minority males
In colonial America, slavery became synonymous with
race
instituitional discrimination helps _________ the respective positions of dominant and minority groups
reinforce
The spontaneous and emotional nature of many hate crimes suggests that many involve ____ directed at minority groups
scapegoating
When the goal of a minority group is to server all ties with the larger society, this is called
separatism
Gender is best thought of as a(n)
social construction
Compared to the past, American prejudice today can best be descirbed as more
subtle
The revival of white ethnicity in the 1960's was primarily fueled by
the competition for resources and opportunities
According to the text, what is the single most important factor in the development of dominant-minority relations?
the contact situation
Self-fulfilling prophecy and reinforcement are key components of
the vicious cycle
Prejudice is to ______ as discrimination is to _________
thinking; behaving
Modern research suggests that genetic variation ________ traditional racial groups is greater than the variation ______ those groups
within; between
