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If 300 mA has been selected for a particular exposure, what exposure time would be required to produce 6 mAs?

20 ms

The primary source of scattered radiation is the

patient

The kV settings on radiographic equipment must be tested annually and must be accurate to within

+/- 5 kV

Which of the following functions to increase the mA?

Increasing the heat of the filament

Which of the following functions to increase the milliamperage?

Increasing the heat of the filament

Which of the following is the most likely site for a lumbar puncture?

L3-L4

The amount of radiation deposited per unit length of tissue traversed by incoming photos is called:

LET

Which of the following positions is most likely to place the right kidney parallel to the IR?

LPO

The equations mAs=mAs describes which of the following?

Reciprocity law

Spatial resolution is directly related to SID tube current focal spot size

SID

Underexposure of a radiograph can be caused by all the following except insufficient

SID

The reduction in x-ray photon intensity as the photon passes through a meterial is termed

attenuation

The term used to describe the gradual decrease in beam intensity as the x-ray beam passes through matter is

attenuation

The patient's chin should be elevated during chest radiography to

avoid superimposition on the apices

A compensating filter is used to

even out widely differing tissue densities

The Bucky slot cover is in place to protect the

fluoroscopist technologist

Double-focus x-ray tubes have two (pick 2)

focal spots filaments

Pathologic conditions that would require an increase in technique include all of the following except

pneumoperitoneum

The major difference between excretory and retrograde urography is that

retrograde studies do not demonstrate function

All the following procedures demonstrate renal function except

retrograde urography

Patient exposure can be minimized by using which of the following?

1.Accurate positioning2.High-kV, low-mAs factors3.Patient shielding

A technique chart should include which of the following information? recommended SID grid ratio CR angulation

recommended SID grid ratio

Esophageal varices are best demonstrated in which of the following positions?

recumbent

Which of the following grid errors would result in an image that shows decreased density more to one side than the other?

Lateral decentering

What does the number 1 in the figure below identify?

Lateral malleolus

Which of the following result(s) from restriction of the x-ray beam?

Less scattered radiation production Less patient hazard

Which of the following radiation-induced conditions is most likely to have the longest latent period?

Leukemia

Which of the following drugs is used to treat dysrhythmias?

Lidocaine

A photocathode converts:

Light into a charge

What is (are) the major effect(s) of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) irradiation?

Malignant disease Chromosome aberration Cell death

A type of shock that is caused by a severe allergic reaction is called:

anaphylactic shock

The femorotibial articulation shown below could be better demonstrated by

angling the CR about 5 degrees cephalad

The fact that x-ray intensity across the primary beam can vary as much as 45% describes the

anode heel effect

The drug diphenhydramine is classified as a

antihistamine

The structure labeled number 7 in the figure below is the

aorta

The short, thick processes that project posteriorly from the vertebral body are the

pedicles

Which of the following contributes to x-ray beam attenuation and receptor exposure? Tissue density Pathology Muscle development

1, 2, and 3

Where is the rectifier located in the x-ray circuit?

Between the step-up transformer and the x-ray tube

An interaction that produces heat at the anode and also produces x-rays is called:

Bremsstrahlung

Which of the following takes into account the volume and types of examinations performed in the room?

Workload

Which of the following types of radiation is (are) considered electromagnetic?

X-ray Gamma

Which bone lies along the lateral border of the navicular bone in the foot?

Cuboid

Which of the following articulate(s) with the first, second, and third metatarsal bones?

Cuneiforms

The traditional unit of activity is the:

Curie

Organelles are located in the:

Cytoplasm

The narrow distal end of the stomach that connects with the small intestine is called the:

Pylorus

Sterile technique is required when contrast agents are administered

intrathecally

The ethical prinicple that aspires to, above all, do no harm describes

nonmaleficence

It is recommended that a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) or OSL be worn

outside the lead apron at collar level

The relationship between the height of a grid's lead strips and the distance between them is referred to as grid

ratio

Characteristics of DR imaging include

solid-state detector receptor plates a direct-capture imaging system immediate image display

The two types of cells in the body are

somatic and genetic

Which of the following bones has wings?

sphenoid bone

If you suspect an object is contaminated, assume:

that is contaminated

Distance and receptor exposure are governed by what law?

Inverse square law

Effective dose limit:

Is 5000 mrem per year for occupationally exposed individuals

The active matrix array for indirect conversion systems uses

amorphous silicon

the base of your stance is

in contact with the floor

The suffix that means "like" is:

-oid

Film badges are generally accurate down to the level of:

10 mrem

Decreased SID causes image:

Magnification

chest x ray cr ray directed to

Perpendicular to T7

Synovial joints are called:

diarthroses

If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body over a short period of time, its effect

will be greater than if it was delivered over a long period of time

The radiograph shown below exhibits a loss of receptor exposure as a result of

x-ray tube angulation

The accuracy of collimation at a 72 inch SID must be:

+ or - 1.44 inches

The accuracy of collimation at a 60 inch SID must be:

+ or - 1.2 inches

The suffix that means "tumor" is:

-oma

The equivalent dose limit for the embryo-fetus is:

0.05 rem per year

An exposure was made at 40" SID using 5 mAs and 105 kVp, using an 8:1 grid. Another image of the same part is being made using a 12:1 grid and 90 kVp. Which of the following exposure times using 400 mA will maintain original exposure?

0.1 s

If a patient received 1,400 mrad during a 7-minute fluoroscopic examination, what was the dose rate?

0.2 rad/min

The cumulative effective dose limit for the general public, assuming infrequent exposure is:

0.5 rem

An uncontrolled area must be kept under what dose annually?

0.50 rem

The radiation weighting factor for x-rays is:

1

The trapezium is identified below as

1

Desirable conditions for viewing digital images include decreased ambient light reduced monitor glare well-lit area

1 and 2

Image noise is likely to increase with an increase in scattered radiation quantum mottle SNR

1 and 2

The late effects of radiation are considered to have no threshold dose be directly related to dose occur within hours of exposure

1 and 2

The position illustrated in the figure below can be used to successfully demonstrate the PA oblique sternum left anterior ribs barium-filled gastric fundus

1 and 2

Which of the following procedures demonstrate renal function?

1 and 2 onl

A positive contrast agent absorbs x-ray photons is composed of elements with high atomic number is seen as a dark area on the image

1 and 2 only

According to the line-focus principle, an anode having a small angle results in

1 and 2 only

An increase in the kV applied to the x-ray tube increases the percentage of high-energy photons produced exposure rate patient absorption

1 and 2 only

Heat production at the anode increases when using high mAs factors small focal spot high kV factors low-ratio grids

1 and 2 only

Maslow's hierarch of basic human needs includes which of the following? self-esteem love and belongingness death with dignity

1 and 2 only

The effective energy of an x-ray beam is increase by increasing the added filtration kVp mA

1 and 2 only

Which of the following are characteristics of anemia? Decreased number of circulating red blood cells Decreased hemoglobin Hematuria

1 and 2 only

Which of the following are demonstrated in the lateral projection of the C-spine? intervertebral joints zygapophyseal joints intervertebral foramina

1 and 2 only

Which of the following is/are evaluation criterion/criteria for a PA chest x-ray of the heart and lungs? Ten pairs of posterior ribs above the diaphragm The medial ends of the clavicles equidistant from the vertebral column Scapulae seen through the upper lung fields

1 and 2 only

Which of the following x-ray circuit devices operates on the principle of mutual induction? High-voltage transformer Filament transformer Auto transform

1 and 2 only

Characteristics of a 16:1 grid include which of the following? It absorbs more useful radiation than an 8:1 grid It has more centering latitude than an 8:1 grid It is used with higher kV exposures than an 8:1 grid

1 and 3 only

Which of the following statements is true regarding the lateral projection of the lumber spine? The MSP is parallel to the tabletop The vertebral foramina are well visualized The pedicles are well visualized

1 and 3 only

In which of the following procedures is quiet, shallow breathing recommended during the exposure to obliterate prominent pulmonary vascular markings? RAO sternum Lateral thoracic spine AP scapula

1, 2, and 3

Personnel radiation monitor reports must include which of the following information? Dose equivalent for report period Dosimeter type Radiation quality

1, 2, and 3

Abdominal viscera located in the retroperitoneum include the kidneys duodenum ascending and descending colon

1 only

Dorsal decubitus projections of the chest are used to evaluate small amounts of fluid in the posterior chest air in the posterior chest fluid in the anterior chest

1 only

Acceptable methods of minimizing motion unsharpness are suspended respiration short exposure time patient instructions

1, 2, and 3

Body substances that are considered potential infectious include feces breast milk wound drainage

1, 2, and 3

Brightness and contrast resolution in digital imaging can be influenced by window level window width lookup table (LUT)

1, 2, and 3

Geometric unsharpness will be least obvious at long SIDs with small focal spots at the anode end of the image

1, 2, and 3

Improper support of a patient's fractured lower leg could result in

1, 2, and 3

In 1906, Bergonie and Tribondeau theorized that undifferentiated cells are highly radiosensitive. Which of the following are characteristics of undifferentiated cells? Young cells Highly mitotic cells Precursor cells

1, 2, and 3

The advantages of high-frequency generators over earlier generators include smaller size nearly constant potential lower patient dose

1, 2, and 3

The brightness level of the fluoro image depends on mA kV Patient thickness

1, 2, and 3

The decision whether to deliver ionic or nonionic contrast medium should include a preliminary patient history, included but not limited to patient age history of respiratory disease history of cardiac disease

1, 2, and 3

The radiation dose to a part depends on which of the following? Type of tissue interactions Quantity of radiation Biologic differences

1, 2, and 3

Typical patient demographic and exam information include(s) type of exam accession number date and time of exam

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following is/are considered long-term somatic effects of exposure to ionizing radiation? life-span shortening carcinogenesis cataractogenesis

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following is/are correct regarding care of protected leaded aprons? Lead aprons should be fluoroscoped yearly to check for cracks Lead gloves should be fluoroscoped yearly to check for cracks Lead aprons should be hung on appropriate racks when not in use

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following is/are valid evaluation criteria for a later projection of the forearm? The radius and the ulna should be superimposed distally The coronoid process and the radial head should be partially superimposed The humeral epicondyles should be superimposed

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following statements is true regarding the radiograph below? The part is rotated Pneumothorax is present Adequate inspiration is demonstrated

1, 2, and 3

Geometric unsharpness within the radiographic image can be minimized by using the:

1. Smallest focal spot 2. Shortest object film distance 3. Longest target film distance

A radiographic grid should be used when:

1. The body part to be radiographed measures more than 10cm 2. A field size larger than 10 to 12 inches is used 3. More than 60 kVp is required to penetrate a body part

The right posterior oblique (RPO) position of the left acetabulum will demonstrate the

1. posterior rim of the left acetabulum. 2. left anterior iliopubic column.

Muscles that contribute to the formation of the rotator cuff include the

1. subscapularis. 2. infraspinatus. 3. teres minor.

The AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices requires the CR to be directed

15 degrees cephalad

The risk of inoculation with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered high for the following entry sites:

1.Broken skin2.Shared needles

Which of the following is (are) important for patient protection during fluoroscopic procedures?

1.Intermittent fluoroscopy 2.Fluoroscopic field size 3.Focus-to-table distance

Which of the following is (are) characteristic(s) of a 16:1 grid?

1.It absorbs a high percentage of scattered radiation .2.It has little positioning latitude .3.It is used with high-kVp exposures.

As the image intensifier's FOV is reduced, how is the resulting image affected?

1.Magnification increases2.Brightness decreases3.Quality increases

Radiation safety requirements for fluoroscopic equipment include the following:

1.SSD at least 38 cm on stationary (fixed) equipment.2.SSD at least 30 cm on mobile equipment.3.high level/boost mode must have continuous audible signal.

A minor reaction to the intravenous (IV) administration of a contrast agent can include

1.a few hives. 2.nausea. 3.flushed face.

Excessive anode heating can cause vaporized tungsten to be deposited on the port window. This can result in

1.decreased tube output.2.tube failure.3.electrical sparking.

Angulation of the central ray may be required

1.to avoid superimposition of overlying structures.2.to avoid foreshortening or self-superimposition.3.to project through certain articulations.

Radiographers should wear gloves when they might come in contact with

1.wounds.2.mucous membrane.3.body fluids containing blood.

The secondary protective barrier must overlap the primary protective barrier by at least:

1/2 inch

If 85 kV and 20 mAs were used for a particular abdominal exposure with single-phase equipment, what mAs would be required to produce a similar radiograph with 3-phase, 12-pulse equipment.

10

When a quality control test for accuracy of kVp is performed, the result must be within ____________ of the control panel setting

10

When a quality control test for exposure linearity is performed, adjacent mA stations must be within _____________ of one another.

10%

Leakage radiation from a diagnostic x-ray tube may not exceed:

100 mR per hour hour, measured at 1 m from the housing

A satisfactory image was made without a grid using a 72: SID and 8 mAs. If the distance is changed to 40" and a 12:1 ratio grid is used, what should be the new mAs?

12 mAs

Which of the following sets of exposure factors would produce the radiograph with the most magnification?

120 mAs, 92 kVp, 20 inch SID, 4 inch OID

From which of the following primary beam sizes, all other factors remaining constant, will the greatest radiation exposure result?

14 x 17

The SMV oblique axial projection of the zygomatic arches requires that the skull be rotated

15 degrees away from affected side

For PA axial projection of the clavicle, the central ray is angled:

15 to 30 degrees caudad

Which of the following is the approximate skin dose for 5 min of fluoro performed at 1.5 mA?

157 mGy

The AP projection of the sacrum requires the central ray to be directed

15° cephalad to a point approximately 2 inches superior to the pubis

An AP external oblique projection of the elbow will demonstrate the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa capitulum of the humerus radial head free of superimposition

2 and 3

Which of the x-ray circuit devices shown below requires alternating current for effective operation? Number 3 Number 7 Number 8

2 and 3

Advantages of direct digital radiography (DR) over computed radiography (CR) include: DR is less expensive DR has immediate readout IPs are not needed for DR

2 and 3 only

Which of the dose-response curves shown below illustrate(s) a threshold dose?

2 and 3 only

Which of the following positions can be used to effectively demonstrate the left colic flexure during a barium enema?

2 and 3 only

Which of the following procedures may be used to better demonstrate the interphalangeal joints of the toes? angle the CR 15 degrees caudad angle the CR 15 degrees cephalad place a 15-degree sponge under the foot

2 and 3 only

When a quality control test for collimator accuracy is performed, the result must be within ___________.

2% of SID

Which of the following statements regarding the image below are correct? The patient is upright Duodenal mucosa is visualized The image was made in the RAO position The patient is in a recumbent position The image is part of a lower GI exam The image was made in the LPO position

2, 4, and 6

For the PA axial projection of the colon, the central ray is angled caudad how many degrees?

30 to 40

Use of a portion of the input phosphor during fluoroscopy, rather than the entire input phosphor, will result in

2. a magnified image. 3. improved spatial resolution.

In the 15° medial oblique projection of the ankle, the

2. talotibial joint is visualized.3.malleoli demonstrated in profile.

Which of the following groups of technical factors would deliver the lowest patient dose?

2.5 mAs, 100 kV

If the entrance skin dose for a particular radiograph is 25 mGy, the radiation exposure at 1 m from the patient will be approximately

2.5 mGy

Which projection(s) of the abdomen would be used to demonstrate pneumoperitoneum?

2.Left lateral decubitus 3.Upright

The AP oblique projection (medial rotation) of the elbow demonstrates which of the following?

2.Olecranon process within the olecranon fossa3.Coronoid process free of superimposition

Given an original technique of 10 mAs and 70 kVp, which of the following would produce a radiograph with double the density?

20 mAs, 70 kVp

Which of the following groups of technical factors will produce the least receptor exposure?

200 mA, 0.25 s, 70 kV, 12:1 grid

Which of the following image intensifier modes will result in the lowest patient dose?

25-inch mode

The cumulative occupational exposure for a 29-year old radiographer is:

29 rem

Which of the illustrations below most closely portrays a hypersthenic body type?

3

Which of the labeled bones below identifies the cuboid?

3

A patient with an upper respiratory tract infection is transported to the radiology department for a chest exam. Who should be masked? Technologist Transporter Patient

3 only

When oxygen is administered to the patient, the usual flow rate is:

3 to 5 L/minute

Select the correct statements regarding the structure indicated by the number 7 below.

3, 4, and 5

For the following Towne's skull radiograph, the central ray is directed to the:

30 degrees to OML

If exposure factors of 85 kVp, 400 mA, and 12 ms yield an output exposure of 150 mR, what is the milliroentgens per milliampere-seconds (mR/mAs)?

31

Technical factors of 80 kV and 8 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What should be the new mAs if an 8:1 grid is added?

32 mAs

Which of the following positions/projections of the skull will result in the most shape distortion?

37° Towne

For axial projection of the calcaneus, the central ray is angled how many degrees to the long axis of the foot?

40

With the patient positioned as shown below, how should the CR be directed to best demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa?

40 degrees caudad to the popliteal depression

Given an original technique of 20 mAs and 80 kVp, which of the following would produce a radiograph with double the image receptor exposure?

40 mAs, 80 kVp

To demonstrate the glenoid fossa in profile, the patient is positioned

45 degree oblique, affected side down

Referring to the figure below, which heart chamber pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta and to all body tissues?

5 left ventricle

What is the established fetal dose-limit for pregnant radiographers during the entire gestation period?

5 mSv

The effective dose limit for radiographers is:

5 rem per year

For AP projection of the knee, the central ray is angled:

5 to 7 degrees cephalad

When a quality control test for exposure reproducibility is performed, successive exposures must be within ___________ of one another.

5%

According to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), the entire gestational dose-equivalent limit for embryo/fetus of a pregnant radiographer is

5.0 mSv

The NCRP recommends an annyal occupational effective dose equivalent limit of

50 mSv

What is the annual dose-equivalent limit for the skin and hands of an occupationally exposed individual?

50 rem

Which of the following combinations would deliver the least amount of heat to the anode of a three-phase, 12-pulse x-ray unit?

500 mA, 0.033 s, 85 kV

The exposure switch on a portable x-ray machine must be attached to a cord that is at least how many feet long?

6

Which of the following sets of exposure factors would produce the radiograph with the highest contrast?

60 mAs, 80 kVp, 40-inch SID, 4 inch OID

Which of the following groups of exposure factors will deliver the least patient dose?

600 mA, 30 ms, 90 kVp

If the exposure rate at 3 ft from the fluoroscopic table is 40 mR/h, what will be the exposure rate for 30 minutes at a distance of 5 ft from the table?

7 mR

If 92 kV and 15 mAs were used for a particular abdominal exposure with single-phase equipment, what milliampere-seconds value would be required to produce a similar radiograph with three-phase, 12-pulse equipment?

7.5

To eject a K-shell electron from a tungsten atom, the incoming electron must have energy of at least

70 keV

An exposure was made using 300 mA and 50 ms. If the exposure time is changed to 22 ms, what mA selection would most closely approximate the original receptor exposure?

700 mA

Medical and dental radiation accounts for what percentage of the general public's exposure to human-made radiation?

80%

If 0.5 Gy was delivered during a 6-min fluoro exam, what was the dose rate?

83.3 mGy/min

What percentage of x-ray attenuation does a 0.5 mmlead equivalent apron at 75 kVp provide?

88%

If 92 kV and 12 mAs were used for a particular abdominal exposure with single-phase equipment, what mAs would be required to produce a similar radiograph with three-phase, six-pulse equipment?

9

Which of the following identifies the head of the ulna in the figure below?

9

What is the needle angle usually recommended for intramuscular injections?

90 degrees

Modulation transfer function (MTF) is:

A measure of the ability of the imaging system to preserve signal contrast as a function of the spatial resolution

Which of the following positions is most likely to offer the best visualization of the pulmonary apices?

AP axial lordotic

Which of the following projections require(s) that the shoulder be placed in external rotation?

AP humerus

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the tarsal navicular free of superimposition?

AP oblique, medial rotation

The lesser tubercle of the humerus will be visualized in profile in the

AP shoulder internal rotation

Which of the following exposures would most likely deliver the greatest dose to the thyroid (think position AND technique)?

AP skull

Relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) describes the:

Ability of radiation to produce biologic damage

Which acronym is used to help rescuers remember the correct CPR step sequence?

CAB

Which of the following sets of exposure factors would produce the radiograph with the best spatial resolution?

All would produce equal spatial resolution

Grid conversion factor (Bucky factor) is described as the:

Amount of exposure increase necessary to compensate for the absorption of image-forming rays and scatter in the clean-up process

Which of the following will result as tube current increases?

An increase in x-ray photon quantity

Choosing the anatomical region on a touch screen display to set technique is called:

Anatomically programmed radiography

How often must the radiographic equipment be checked for linearity and reproducibility?

Annually

Sternoclavicular joints will be best demonstrated in which of the following positions?

Anterior oblique

The sternoclavicular joints will be best demonstrated in which of the following positions?

Anterior oblique

Unwanted markings on a radiograph are called:

Artifacts

Which of the following conditions will require an increase in x-ray photon energy/penetration?

Ascites

For purposes of radiation protection, the x-ray beam is filtered. X-ray tubes operating above 70 kVp must have total filtration of:

At least 2.5 mm aluminum equivalent

When electric signals are sampled for conversion to a digital image, what sampling frequency is required to maintain image resolution?

At least twice the number of pixels required to form the image ??????

The feature of the image intensifier that ensures the radiation dose striking the input phosphor is constant is the:

Automatic brightness control

Which of the following functions to protect the x-ray tube and the patient from overexposure in the event that the phototimer fails to terminate an exposure?

Backup timer

Which of the following examinations require(s) restriction of a patient's diet?

Barium enema Pyelogram

For the AP projections of the foot, the central ray enters at the:

Base of the third metatarsal

If a radiographer performed a lumbar spine examination on a patient who was supposed to have an elbow examination, which of the following charges may be brought against the radiographer?

Battery

Located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is (are) the:

Bicipital groove

Which of the following terms is used to describe unsharp edges of tiny radiographic details?

Blur

A clinical fracture is not visible on the initial radiograph. Frequently a subsequent radiograph obtained within a ten day period will reveal the fracture site due to:

Callus formation at the fracture site.

Which bone is located in the wrist, between the trapezoid and the hamate?

Capitate

The sections of the stomach where the esophagus enters is called the:

Cardiac portion

Thermionic emission occurs at the:

Cathode

The law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states:

Cells are most sensitive to radiation when they are immature, undifferentiated, and rapidly dividing

Which of th following technical changes is most likely to permit the greatest reduction in patient dose?

Change from an 8:1 grid to non grid technique

Instead of Vidicon or Plumbicon tubes, what device may be used in the television system?

Charged coupled device (CCD)

Which of the following is used in digital fluoroscopy, replacing the image intensifier's television camera tube?

Charged-coupled device

What is used to reduce both patient dose and the production of scatter radiation?

Collimation

Which of the following are used to control the production of scattered radiation? Collimators Optimal kV Grids

Collimators Optimal kV

Which photon-tissue interaction produces a recoil electron and a scattered photon in diagnostic radiography?

Compton

Which of the following contributes most to occupational exposure?

Compton scatter

Beam restrictors reduce the amount of scatter produced by reducing which of the following?

Compton's intereactions

In which type of equipment does kilovoltage decrease during the actual length of the exposure?

Condenser-discharge mobile equipment

To compensate for variations in gain across a digital receptor, which of the following maintenance steps should be taken?

Conduct a calibration correction for image nonuniformity

This type of infection transmission occurs when an infected person or contaminated object touches a host:

Contact transmission

The measure of a grid's ability to enhance contrast is called:

Contrast improvement factor

How would the introduction of a 6-in. OID affect image contrast? Correct!

Contrast would be increased

Areas occupied by persons trained in radiation safety and wearing personnel monitoring devices are called:

Controlled areas

The outer portion of the kidney is called the:

Cortex

What "language" is used by PACS?

DICOM

Advantages of digital radiography (DR) over computer radiography (CR) include

DR has immediate readout. Cassettes are not needed for DR.

If kVp is increased, what happens to the radiographic contrast?

Decrease

If mAs increased by four times, what effect is there on spatial resolution?

Decrease

What effect does increasing filtration have on contrast?

Decrease contrast

The portion of the colon located between the splenic flexure and the sigmoid portion is called:

Descending

thumb mcp joint is

Diarthrotic joint

Which of the following causes about 5% of the cellular response to radiation?

Direct effect

How are LET and biologic response (RBE) related?

Directly related

Quality Control (QC) testing is used to evaluate digital display monitors in all of the following ways, except

Display matrix size

Which of the following is recommended for a cervical spine having recent trauma or known fracture?

Dorsal decubitus lateral

The portion of the small bowel that connects with the stomach is called the:

Duodenum

Demonstration of which anatomic structures require(s) ingestion of barium sulfate suspension?

Duodenum Pylorus

When are embryologic effects least likely to occur?

During the final trimester of gestation

The upper boundary dose that can be absorbed that carries a negligible risk of somatic or genetic damage to the individual defines:

Effective dose limit

Structures seen outside of the collimated area on a radiograph, produced by the "off focus: (extrafocal) radiation, are the result of:

Electron interaction within the x-ray tube at a point other than the focal spot

Which of the following conditions requires a decrease in technical factors? Emphysema Osteomalacia Atelectasis

Emphysema Osteomalacia

Which of the following types of adult tissue cells are considered radiosensitive? Select all that apply.

Epithelial cells Intestinal crypt cells Lymphocytes

Which of the following can be documented as an indication of patient dose?

Exposure indicator

A decrease from 200 to 100 mA will result in a decrease in which of the following?

Exposure rate Beam intensity

Referring to the simplified x-ray circuit below, what is indicated by the number 6?

Filament circuit

With which of the following does the trapezium articulate?

First metacarpal

Mutations are examples of:

Genetic effects

Which of the following defines the gonadal dose that, if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic effect on that population as the actual doses received by each of the individuals?

Genetically significant dose

Which of the following expresses the gonadal dose that, if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic effect on that population as the actual doses received by each of the individuals?

Genetically significant dose

With the patient in an erect 45 degree LPO and the CR directed 2" medial and 2" inferior to the upper outer border of the should, which of the following will be visualized to best advantage?

Glenoid cavity in profile

The part of the kidney through which blood is first filtered is called the:

Glomeruli

Which of the following are included in whole-body dose equivalent? Gonads Lens Extremities

Gonads Lens

The SI unit of absorbed dose is the:

Gray

The lateral surface of the stomach is called the:

Greater curvature

Tachycardia indicates a pulse of:

Greater than 100 beats per minute

Some level of hypertension is indicated when diastolic pressure is:

Greater than 90

Hospitals and other health care providers must ensure patient confidentiality in compliance with which of the following legislation?

HIPAA

The most effective method to prevent the spread of infection is:

Handwashing

Prior to the start of an IVU, which of the following procedures should be carried out?

Have patient empty the bladder. Review the patient's allergy history. Check the patient's creatinine level.

Grid ratio is expressed as:

Height of the lead strips to the space between them

Which of the following technical changes would best serve to remedy the effect of very dissimilar tissue densities?

High-kilovoltage exposure factors

Which of the following is associated with magnification fluoro? Higher patient dose than non-mag Higher voltage to the focusing lenses Image intensifier focal point closer to the input phosphor

Higher patient dose than non-mag

A compression fracture of the posterolateral humeral head and associated with an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is called a(an)

Hill-Sachs defect

Which of the following conditions is often the result of ureteral obstruction or stricture?

Hydronephrosis

All the following statements regarding CR IPs are true except

IPs must exclude all white light

The portion of the small bowel that connects with the cecum is called the:

Ileum

A patient is being positioned for a particular radiographic examination. The x-ray tube, image recorder, and grid are properly aligned, but the body part is angled. Which of the following will result?

Image distortion

Which of the following account(s) for an x-ray beam's heterogeneity?

Incident electrons interacting with several layers of tungsten target atoms Energy differences among incident electrons Electrons moving to fill different shell vacancies

Using fixed milliampere-seconds and variable kilovoltage technical factors, each centimeter increase in patient thickness requires what adjustment in kilovoltage?

Increase 2 kV

Because the digtial system software ultimately controls contrast, kVp may be:

Increased

When radiation strikes the cytoplasm, which of the following occurs?

Indirect effect

Correct positioning of the AP forearm includes which of the following element(s)?

Interepicondylar line parallel to the IR Forearm extended and supinated

In which position of the shoulder is the greater tubercle seen superimposed on the humeral head?

Internal rotation

Which of the following is (are) demonstrated in the lateral projection of the cervical spine?

Intervertebral joints Apophyseal joints

In what order should the following examinations be scheduled?

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) Barium enema (BE) Upper GI

Which of the following involves intentional misconduct? Select all that apply.

Invasion of privacy False imprisonment

How does filtration affect the primary beam?

It increases the average energy of the primary beam.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the control dosimeter that accompanies each shipment of personnel radiation monitors?

It should be stored away from all radiation sources

How will x-ray photon intensity be affected if the source-to-image distance (SID) is doubled?

Its intensity decreases four times

Radiography of which of the following structure(s) in the AP or PA position will inherently result in an image demonstrating shape distortion of the anatomic part?

Kidney Scaphoid Sigmoid

Structure #3 in the figure below is best demonstrated in which position?

Lateral

Which of the following positions will separate the radial head, neck, and tuberosity from superimposition on the ulna?

Lateral oblique

In which projection of the foot are the interspaces between the first and second cuneiforms best demonstrated?

Lateral oblique foot

For lateral projection for the facial bones, the central ray enters at the:

Lateral surface of the zygomatic bone

For which of the following examinations can the anode heel effect be an important consideration?

Lateral thoracic spine AP femur

Which projection of the foot will best demonstrate the longitudinal arch?

Lateral weight-bearing

Which of the following is a functional study used to demonstrate the degree of AP motion present in the cervical spine?

Laterals in flexion and extension

To image suspected abdominal free air in an infant, which of the following projections of the abdomen will demonstrate the condition with the lowest patient dose?

Left lateral decubitus without grid

To radiograph an infant for suspected free air within the abdominal cavity, which of the following projections of the abdomen will demonstrate the condition with the least patient exposure?

Left lateral decubitus without grid

The advantages of beam restriction include which of the following?

Less scattered radiation is produced. Less biologic material is irradiated.

Which of the following terms is used to express the resolution of a diagnostic image?

Line pairs per mm

Radiation safety standards assume what relationship between dose and response?

Linear-nonthreshold

Which of the following individual vertebrae are larger and heavier than other individual vertebrae?

Lumbar vertebrae

A focal-spot size of 0.3 mm or smaller is essential for which of the following procedures?

Magnification radiography

The smallest digital detectors (approximately 100 microns) provide the best spatial resolution and, therefore, are best-suited for use in:

Mammography

Compton interactions:

May produce a gray fog on the image, lowering the contrast

What is the name of the plane indicated by the number 1 below?

Midcoronal plane

The amount of time needed for an AEC to terminate the exposure is called:

Minimum reaction time

What feature is used to display RIS information about current patients?

Modality work list

The smallest particle of a compound that retains the characteristics of the compound is a(n):

Molecule

Which of the following describes the radiosensitivity of lymphocytes?

Most radiosensitive cells in the body

Which of the following devices converts electrical energy to mechanical energy?

Motor

What agency publishes radiation protections recommendations?

NCRP

At the time of exposure, the charge on the focusing cup is the:

Negative

What must precede any examinations involving iodinated contrast media?

Nephrotoxicity assessment

Which of the following cell types has the lowest radiosensitivity?

Nerve cells

Under what conditions can the radiographer be exposed to the primary beam?

Never, under any conditions

Which of the following is a fast-acting vasodilator used to lower blood pressure and relieve the pain of angina pectoris?

Nitroglycerine

The accuracy of kVp at 90 kVp must be:

No lower than 86 kVp and no higher than 94 kVp

Which of the following medications commonly found on emergency carts functions to raise blood pressure?

Norepinephrine

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding a two-member team performing mobile radiography on a patient with MRSA precautions?

One radiographer remains "clean"—that is, he or she has no physical contact with the patient. The radiographer who positions the mobile unit also makes the exposure.

Which of the following pathologic conditions are considered additive conditions with respect to selection of exposure factors?

Osteoma Bronchiectasis Pneumonia

The best projection to demonstrate the articular surfaces of the femoropatellar articulation is the

PA knee

The carpal scaphoid can be demonstrated in which of the following projection(s) of the wrist? PA oblique PA with radial deviation PA with elbow elevated 20 degrees

PA oblique

Image display, and image storage are the primary components of what system?

PACS

Europium-activated barium fluorohalide is associated with

PSP storage plates

An undistorted radiographic image results when the object plane and the image plane are:

Parallel

A flat and upright abdomen is requested on an acutely ill patient, to demonstrate the presence of air-fluid levels. Because of the patient's condition, the x-ray table can be tilted upright only 70° (rather than the desired 90°). How should the central ray be directed? Here's the flat plate of the abdomen (KUB).

Parallel to the floor

Which of the following safeguards is (are) taken to prevent inadvertent irradiation in early pregnancy?

Patient postings Patient questionnaire Elective booking

Which of the following interventional procedures can be used to increase the diameter of a stenosed vessel?

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) Stent placement

For radiography of the fingers, the central enters:

Perependicular to the proximal interphalangeal joint

For the following radiograph, the central ray is directed: lateral c spine

Perpendicular to C4

For PA projection of the chest, the central ray is directed:

Perpendicular to T7

When an AP projection of the hip is performed, the central ray is directed:

Perpendicular to a point 2 inches medial to the ASIS at the level of the superior margin of the greater trochanter

cr ray for ap lumbar spine

Perpendicular to midline, entering at the level of the iliac crests

For a PA projection of the hand, the central ray is centered:

Perpendicular to the third metacaropophalangeal joint

Which of the following is a violation of correct sterile technique?

Persons in sterile dress should pass each other face to face.

The photon-tissue interaction in diagnostic radiography that results in the total absorption of an x-ray photo and the production of contrast in the radiographic image is:

Photoelectric

Sampling frequency in computed radiography (CR) is expressed as:

Pixels/mm or pixel density

Manual manipulation of the digital image after acquisition is referred to as:

Postprocessing

Radiation that exits the x-ray tube from the anode is called:

Primary radiation

A patient unable to supinate the hand for an anteroposterior (AP) projection of the forearm:

Probably has a fracture of the radial head and must be handled carefully

In which of the following tangential axial projections of the patella is complete relaxation of the quadriceps femoris required for an accurate diagnosis?

Prone flexion 90 degrees (Settegast) Prone flexion 55 degrees (Hughston)

The pyloric canal and duodenal bulb are best demonstrated during an upper GI in which of the following positions?

RAO

Which of the following best describes the position shown below?

RAO

Which of the following positions would demonstrate the right lumbar apophyseal articulations closest to the IR?

RPO

_____________ refers to 100 ergs of energy deposited per 1 g of tissue.

Rad

A legal doctrine that states the cause of the negligence is obvious is known as:

Re ipsa loquitur

Because the x-ray tube requires DC to operate properly, what device is required in the x-ray circuit?

Rectifier

The traditional unit of dose equivalency is the:

Rem

The traditional unit of in-air exposure is the:

Roentgen

A radiograph exposed using a 12:1 ratio grid may exhibit a loss of receptor exposure at its lateral edges because the

SID was too great

Which of the following statements regarding SNR is most accurate?

SNR increase as kV decreases

The exposure switch must keep the radiographer behind the:

Secondary protective barrier

The x-ray control booth is considered a:

Secondary protective barrier

How does beam restriction affect contrast?

Shorter scale of contrast

The SI unit of equivalent dose and effective dose is the:

Sievert

Recently, dual-sided reading technology has become available in more modern CR readers, in which two sets of photodetectors are used to capture light released from the front and back sides of the phosphor storage plate, or PSP (photostimulable phosphor). This technology enables improved:

Signal-to-noise ratio

The filament circuit makes use of what type of transformer?

Step-down

Which blood vessels are best suited for determination of pulse rate?

Superficial arteries

Located below the tubercles of the humerus is(are) the:

Surgical neck

Ingestion of barium sulfate is contraindicated in which of the following situations?

Suspected perforation of a hollow viscus Suspected large bowel obstruction Preoperative patients

Which bones distributes body weight from the tibia to the other tarsal bones?

Talus

The radiograph below could be improved in which way?

The MSP should be 90 degrees to the IR

In digital imaging, the maximum spatial resolution is equal to:

The Nyquist frequency, which is 1/2X the pixel pitch (mm)

Which of the following would be the safest interval of time for a fertile woman to undergo abdominal radiography without significant concern for irradiating a recently fertilized ovum?

The first 10 days after menstruation starts

If the center photocell were selected for a lateral projection of the lumbar spine that was positioned with the spinous processes instead of the vertebral bodies centered to the grid, how would the resulting radiograph look?

The image would be underexposed

Which of the following statements regarding the scapular Y projection of the shoulder is (are) true?

The midsagittal plane should be about 60 degrees to the IR. The scapular borders should be superimposed on the humeral shaft. An oblique projection of the shoulder is obtained.

Which of the following radiation protection measures is (are) appropriate for mobile radiography?

The radiographer must be at least 6 ft from the patient and the x-ray tube during the exposure. / The radiographer must announce in a loud voice that an exposure is about to be made and wait for personnel, visitors, and patients to temporarily leave the area.

Dynamic range is defined as:

The range of exposures over which a detector can acquire image data

A device that is used to determine personnel exposure, using lithium fluoride crystals and heat, is a:

Thermoluminescent dosimeter.

Characteristics of high-ratio focused grids, compared with lower-ratio grids, include which of the following?

They are more efficient in collecting SR. They absorb more of the useful beam.

For AP projection of the toes, the central ray enters at the:

Third metatarsophalangeal joint

Which of the following is (are) used to account for the differences in tissue characteristics when determining effective dose to biologic material?

Tissue weighting factors (Wt)

One reason why only one image is preferred per image plate is:

To allow the radiologist to split the PACS monitor and display the current image and a prior image side-by-side for comparison

Violations of civil law are known as:

Torts

Devices in the x-ray circuit that increase or decrease voltage are called:

Transformers

What is the anatomic structure indicated by the number 3 on the image below?

Transverse process

Which of the following does not belong in the definition of matter?

Travels at the speed of light

Which bone is located in the wrist, between the lunate and the pisiform?

Triquetrum

Which of the following parts of the humerus articulate(s) with the ulna?

Trochlea

Areas for the general public such as waiting rooms and stairways are considered:

Uncontrolled area

Which of the following procedures will best demonstrate the cephalic, basilic, and subclavian veins?

Upper-limb venogram

An item that must never be placed above the level of the bladder is a:

Urinary catheter

Which of the following is the most frequent site of hospital-acquired infection?

Urinary tract

When the collimated field must extend past the edge of the body, allowing primary radiation to strike the tabletop, as in a lateral lumbar spine, what may be done to prevent excessive receptor exposure?

Use lead behind to absorb tabletop radiation

This type of infection transmission occurs when an animal contains and transmits and infectious organism to humans:

Vectorborne transmission

Which of the following is true regarding frequency and wavelength of elctromagnetic radiation?

Wavelength and frequency are inversely proprotional

Which of the following is true?

When kVp is decreased, there is an increase in the number of photoelectric interactions that occur

Gonadal shielding must be used:

Whenever it does not obstruct the area of clinical interest

The blunt cartilaginous tip of the sternum is the:

Xiphoid

All of the following are central venous lines except

a Salem-pump

A lateral projection of the hand in extension is often recommended to evaluate

a foreign body., soft tissue.

To demonstrate the first two cervical vertebrae in the AP projection, the patient is positioned so that

a line between the maxillary occlusal plane and the mastoid tip is vertical

The focal spot-to-table distance, in mobile fluoroscopy, must be

a minimum of 12 inches

Lyme disease is caused by bacteria carried by deer ticks. The tick bite may cause fever, fatigue, and other associated symptoms. This is an example of transmission of an infection by

a vector

The term dysplasia refers to

abnormal development of tissue

With which of the following does the lateral extremity of the clavicle articulate?

acromion process

Indirect modes of disease transmission include

airborne fomite

This type of infection transmission occurs as a result of coughing or sneezing.

airborne transmission

The skull radiograph below demonstrates

aliasing artifact

MSDS provide directions for

all persons exposed to hazardous materials

Gross negligence is

an act that shows reckless disregard for life or limb

Geometric unsharpness is most likely to be greater

at the cathode end of the image

X-ray tube life may be extended by using high-mAs, low-kVp technical factors avoiding lengthy anode rotation avoiding exposures on a cold anode

avoiding lengthy anode rotation avoiding exposures on a cold anode

The infection streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) is caused by a

bacterium

The ethical principle that refers to bringing about good, or benefiting others, is called

beneficence

The annual dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is valid for

beta, x-, and gamma radiation

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus may be transmitted

by sharing contaminated needles. from mother to child during birth. by intimate contact with body fluids.

The AIDS virus may be transmitted (select all that apply)

by sharing needles from mother to child during birth by intimate contact with bodily fluids

The type of shock often associated with pulmonary embolism or myocardial infarction is classified as

cardiogenic

The ridge that marks the bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left primary bronchi is the

carina

Because of the anode heel effect, the intensity of the x-ray beam is greatest along the

cathode end of the beam

The structure indicated by the number 6 in the image below is the

cecum

To demonstrate the pulmonary apices with the patient in the AP position, the

central ray is directed 15° to 20° cephalad.

The radiocarpal joint has what type of movement?

condyloid

Another name for Hirschsprung disease, the most common cause of lower GI obstruction in neonates, is

congenital megacolon

Extravasation occurs when

contrast medium is injected into surrounding tissues

In amorphous selenium flat-panel detectors, the term amorphous refers to a

crystalline material lacking a typical structure

If SID is doubled, receptor exposure is:

cut to one fourth

As the wavelength of the x-rays increases, penetrating ability:

decreases

The vessels seen as numbers 1 and 2 in the figure below function to convey

deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Hypochlorite bleach (Clorox) and Lysol are examples of

disinfectants

Alignment of x-ray tube, part, and IR are essential to avoid distortion magnification image noise foreshortening elongation

distortion foreshortening elongation

Contaminated needles are disposed of in special containers in which of the following ways?

do not recap needle, dispose of entire syringe

Which of the following can function to double the receptor exposure? double the mAs increase kVp by 15% increase SID by 8 inches

double the mAs increase kVp by 15%

Somatic effects of radiation refer to effects that are manifested

during the life of the exposed individual

The dose from all types of ionizing radiation and its associated risk to human tissues is defined as

effective dose (EfD)

Where is the electron beam focused?

electron focusing lenses

The condition in which pulmonary alveoli lose their elasticity and become permanently inflated, causing the patient to consciously exhale, is

emphysema

Abnormal accumulation of air in pulmonary tissues, resulting in overdistention of the alveolar spaces, is

emphysema.

The quantity that is reflective of dose and the volume of tissue exposed is

entrance skin exposure

The medical term for nosebleed is

epistaxis

Accidental injection of medication or contrast medium into tissues around a vein is termed

extravasation

A radiographer would be in violation of the ARRT Code of Ethics for all of the following except

failing to wear a lead apron during fluoro

A diabetic patient who has taken insulin while preparing for a fasting radiologic examination is susceptible to a hypoglycemic reaction. This is characterized by

fatigue .restlessness.

The output phosphor can be coupled with the Vidicon TV camera or charge-coupled device (CCD) via

fiber optics. an image distributor or lens.

An incorrect relationship between the primary beam and the center of a focused grid results in

grid cutoff insufficient radiographic exposure to the image receptor

Somatic effects resulting from radiation exposure can

have possible consequences on the exposed individual cause temporary infertility

The medical term used to describe the vomiting of blood is

hematemesis

Which of the following drugs may be used to prolong blood clotting time? heparin diphenhydramine lidocaine

heparin

Which of the following waveforms has the lowest percentage of voltage ripple?

high frequency

A graphic representation of signal values representing various absorbing properties within the part being imaged is called a

histogram

The portion of a hypodermic needle that attaches to the syringe is termed its

hub

Which of the following are characteristics of a patient with pulmonary emphysema? hyperventilation increased AP chest diameter shoulder girdle elevation

hyperventilation increased AP chest diameter

An illness of unknown or obscure cause is said to be

idiopathic

Which of the following are associated with magnification fluoro? increased mA smaller portion of the input phosphor used image intensifier focal point moves closer to the output phosphor

increased mA smaller portion of the input phosphor used

Beam restriction has the following effect on contrast:

increases contrast

An emetic is used to

induce vomiting

Disadvantages of using low-kilovoltage technical factors include

insufficient penetration increased patient dose diminished latitude

What exposure factor causes excessive image noise if set too high?

kVp

Features of digital fluoro (DF) that contribute to patient dose reduction include

last-image hold pulsed exposure

Posterior displacement of a tibial fracture would be best demonstrated in the

lateral projection

With the patient supine, the left side of the pelvis elevated 25 degrees, and the CR entering 1 inch medial to the left ASIS, which of the following is best demonstrated?

left SI joint

The structure indicated by the number 1 in the image below is the

left colic flexure

During an intravenous urogram (IVU), the RPO position is used to demonstrate the

left kidney parallel to the IR right kidney perpendicular to the IR

Biologic material irradiated under hypoxic conditions is

less sensitive than when irradiated under oxygenated conditions

The dose-response curve that appears to be valid for genetic and some somatic effects is the

linear nonthreshold

Which of the following are considered most radiosensitive?

lymphocytes

Which of the following is the factor of choice for the regulation of radiographic exposure to the image receptor?

mAs

Twice as many electrons strike the target in the x-ray tube when:

mAs is doubled

Terms that refer to size distortion include

magnification

What is the anatomic structure indicated by number 1 in the image below?

mandibular angle

Which of the following bones has an alveolar process?

maxilla

The process of eliminating as many organisms as possibly by the use of water and chemical disinfectants is called:

medical asepsis

A "typical" skull would be described as:

mesocephalic

Which of the following cell types is the least radiosensitive?

myocytes

The most commonly used method of low-flow oxygen delivery is the

nasal canula

The classifications of acute radiation syndrome include all the following except

neonatal

Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of using a 30" SID with a 14f.17" IR to image a fairly homogeneous structure?

noticiple exposure variation between opposite ends of the IR

When interviewing a patient, what is it that the health care professional can observe?

objective signs

Which of the following anomalies is possible if an exposure dose of 400 mGy were delivered to a fetus during the 3rd week of pregnancy? skeletal anomaly organ anomaly neurologic anomaly

organ anomaly

A patient who has been recumbent for some time and gets up quickly may suffer from light-headedness or feel faint. This is called

orthostatic hypotension

A patient who has been recumbent for some time and gets up quickly may suffer from light-headedness or feel faint. This is referred to as

orthostatic hypotension

Which of the following bones helps to form a coronal suture?

parietal bone

Blowout fractures of the orbit are best demonstrated using the

parietoacanthial projection (Waters' method)

What is the anatomic structure indicated by number 6 in the image below?

pars interarticularis

The primary function of filtration is to reduce

patient skin dose

The medical abbreviation meaning "after meals" is

pc.

Structures comprising the neural, or vertebral, arch include

pedicles laminae

An increase in the kilovoltage applied to the x-ray tube increases the

percentage of high-energy photons produced. beam intensity.

The femoral neck can be located

perpendicular to a line drawn from the ASIS to the symphysis

A reaction that may occur in the vein in which an injection occurred is

phlebitis

The component of a CR image plate (IP) that records the radiologic image is the

photostimulable phosphor

The proximal radioulnar articulation has what type of movement?

pivot

The sampling frequency in CR is expressed as

pixel density

Grid interspace material can be made of

plastic aluminum

Which type of personnel radiation monitor is an ionization chamber that uses Bluetooth technology to relate its data to any mobile device or computer via USB connection?

pocket dosimeter

A lesion with a stalk projecting from the intestinal mucosa into the lumen is a(n)

polyp.

If a radiograph were made of an average size knee using AEC and all three photocells were selected, the resulting radiograph would demonstrate

poor detail

Accurate operation of the AEC device depends on

positioning of the object with respect to the photocell, beam restriction

An increase in kilovoltage will serve to

produce a longer scale of contrast

The intertrochanteric crest is located on the

proximal anterior femur

The medical abbreviation meaning "every hour" is

qh.

The regular measurement and evaluation of radiographic equipment components and their performance is most accurately called

quality control

Examples of primary radiation barriers include

radiographic room walls radiographic room floor

Aspirated foreign bodies in older children and adults are most likely to lodge in the

right main stem bronchus

Which of the following bones consists of five fused segments?

sacrum

As kVp is decreased:

scale of contrast shortens

A 15% decrease in kilovoltage accompanied by a 100% increase in milliampere-seconds will result in a(n)

shorter scale of contrast

A three-phase timer can be tested for accuracy using a synchronous spinning top. The resulting image looks like a

solid arc, with the angle (in degrees) representative of the exposure time.

Logrolling is a method of moving patients having suspected

spinal injury

Possible responses to irradiation in utero include

spontaneous abortion congenital anomalies childhood malignancies

Scattered radiation exposure to head and neck regions of personnel during fluoro procedures can be reduce by placing (3 answers):

staff at right angles to the center of the beam the fluoro tube under the patient the image intensifier over the patient

The CDC suggests that health care workers protect themselves and their patients from contamination by using

standard precautions

An autoclave is used for

steam sterilization.

A cathartic is used to

stimulate defecation.

Late effects of radiation, whose incidence is dose related and for which there is no threshold dose, are referred to as

stochastic

The control dosimeter that comes from the monitoring company should be

stored in a radiation-free area

In myelography, the contrast medium generally is injected into the

subarachnoid space between L3-L4

In myelography, the contrast medium generally is injected into the

subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae

Differential absorption of the x-ray beam produces:

subject contrast

The degree of difference between remnant beam signals is termed

subject contrast

A furrow is described as a :

sulcus

Deoxygenated blood from the head and thorax is returned to the heart by the

superior vena cava

The complete removal of all organisms from equipment and the environment in which patient care is conducted is called:

surgical asepsis

Recommended method(s) of minimizing motion unsharpness include

suspended respiration short exposure time patient instruction

Fibrous joints are called:

synarthroses

While measuring blood pressure, the first pulse that is heard is recorded as the

systolic pressure

A controlled area is defined as one

that is occupied by people trained in radiation safety that is occupied by people who wear radiation monitors whose occupancy factor is 1

When examining a patient whose elbow is in partial flexion

the AP projection requires 2 separate exposures

All the following are components of the image intensifier except

the TV monitor

Linear energy transfer (LET) may be best described as

the amount of energy delivered per distance traveled in time

All of the following statements regarding the inferosuperior axial (nontrauma, Lawrence method) projection of the shoulder are true, except

the arm should be in internal rotation.

Differences between body habitus tpes are likely to affect all of the following except

the degree of pone porosity

During IV urography, the prone position generally is recommended to demonstrate

the filling of the ureters the renal pelvis

All of the following statements regarding the bony thorax are true except

the gladiolus is the upper part of the sternum

In the production of Bremsstrahlung radiation

the incident electron is deflected, with resulting energy loss

Which of the following statements are true regarding the PA axial projection of the paranasal sinuses? the CR is directed caudally to the OML the petrous pyramids are projected into the lower third of the orbits the frontal sinuses are visualized

the petrous pyramids are projected into the lower third of the orbits the frontal sinuses are visualized

All the following are part of the Patient's Bill of Rights except

the right to review any institutional records

The batteries in battery-operated mobile x-ray units provide power to

the x-ray tube machine locomotion the braking mechanism

All of the following statements regarding three-phase current are true except

three-phase current is constant-potential direct current

All the following statements regarding three-phase current are true except

three-phase current is constant-potential direct current.

Hemovac or Penrose drains are used for

tissue drainage of wounds or postoperative drainage

The correct way(s) to check for cracks in lead aprons is (are)

to fluoroscope them once a year

TV camera tubes used in image intensification, such as the Plumbicon and Vidicon, function to

transfer the output-phosphor image to the TV monitor

Demonstration of the posterior fat pad on the lateral projection of the adult elbow can be caused by

trauma or other pathology, less than 90-degree flexion

A rounded projection of moderate size is called a:

tubercle

What is the anatomic structure indicated by the number 10 in the figure below?

ulnar styloid process

The AP oblique projection of the ilium requires that the

unaffected side be elevated 40 degrees

Which of the following radiographic exams require the patient to be NPO 8-10 hours prior to the exam for proper patient preparation? abdominal survey upper GI BE

upper GI BE

A signed consent form is necessary prior to performing all the following procedures except

upper GI series

What is the site of most nosocomial (health care acquired) infections?

urinary catheter

The most frequent site of hospital-acquired infection is the

urinary tract

The medical term for hives is

urticaria

The most common cause of x-ray tube failure is

vaporized tungsten on the glass envelope

The word part that means "organ" is:

viscer

Which of the following bones has a temporal process?

zygomatic bone


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