final Mock
If 300 mA has been selected for a particular exposure, what exposure time would be required to produce 6 mAs?
20 ms
The primary source of scattered radiation is the
patient
The kV settings on radiographic equipment must be tested annually and must be accurate to within
+/- 5 kV
Which of the following functions to increase the mA?
Increasing the heat of the filament
Which of the following functions to increase the milliamperage?
Increasing the heat of the filament
Which of the following is the most likely site for a lumbar puncture?
L3-L4
The amount of radiation deposited per unit length of tissue traversed by incoming photos is called:
LET
Which of the following positions is most likely to place the right kidney parallel to the IR?
LPO
The equations mAs=mAs describes which of the following?
Reciprocity law
Spatial resolution is directly related to SID tube current focal spot size
SID
Underexposure of a radiograph can be caused by all the following except insufficient
SID
The reduction in x-ray photon intensity as the photon passes through a meterial is termed
attenuation
The term used to describe the gradual decrease in beam intensity as the x-ray beam passes through matter is
attenuation
The patient's chin should be elevated during chest radiography to
avoid superimposition on the apices
A compensating filter is used to
even out widely differing tissue densities
The Bucky slot cover is in place to protect the
fluoroscopist technologist
Double-focus x-ray tubes have two (pick 2)
focal spots filaments
Pathologic conditions that would require an increase in technique include all of the following except
pneumoperitoneum
The major difference between excretory and retrograde urography is that
retrograde studies do not demonstrate function
All the following procedures demonstrate renal function except
retrograde urography
Patient exposure can be minimized by using which of the following?
1.Accurate positioning2.High-kV, low-mAs factors3.Patient shielding
A technique chart should include which of the following information? recommended SID grid ratio CR angulation
recommended SID grid ratio
Esophageal varices are best demonstrated in which of the following positions?
recumbent
Which of the following grid errors would result in an image that shows decreased density more to one side than the other?
Lateral decentering
What does the number 1 in the figure below identify?
Lateral malleolus
Which of the following result(s) from restriction of the x-ray beam?
Less scattered radiation production Less patient hazard
Which of the following radiation-induced conditions is most likely to have the longest latent period?
Leukemia
Which of the following drugs is used to treat dysrhythmias?
Lidocaine
A photocathode converts:
Light into a charge
What is (are) the major effect(s) of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) irradiation?
Malignant disease Chromosome aberration Cell death
A type of shock that is caused by a severe allergic reaction is called:
anaphylactic shock
The femorotibial articulation shown below could be better demonstrated by
angling the CR about 5 degrees cephalad
The fact that x-ray intensity across the primary beam can vary as much as 45% describes the
anode heel effect
The drug diphenhydramine is classified as a
antihistamine
The structure labeled number 7 in the figure below is the
aorta
The short, thick processes that project posteriorly from the vertebral body are the
pedicles
Which of the following contributes to x-ray beam attenuation and receptor exposure? Tissue density Pathology Muscle development
1, 2, and 3
Where is the rectifier located in the x-ray circuit?
Between the step-up transformer and the x-ray tube
An interaction that produces heat at the anode and also produces x-rays is called:
Bremsstrahlung
Which of the following takes into account the volume and types of examinations performed in the room?
Workload
Which of the following types of radiation is (are) considered electromagnetic?
X-ray Gamma
Which bone lies along the lateral border of the navicular bone in the foot?
Cuboid
Which of the following articulate(s) with the first, second, and third metatarsal bones?
Cuneiforms
The traditional unit of activity is the:
Curie
Organelles are located in the:
Cytoplasm
The narrow distal end of the stomach that connects with the small intestine is called the:
Pylorus
Sterile technique is required when contrast agents are administered
intrathecally
The ethical prinicple that aspires to, above all, do no harm describes
nonmaleficence
It is recommended that a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) or OSL be worn
outside the lead apron at collar level
The relationship between the height of a grid's lead strips and the distance between them is referred to as grid
ratio
Characteristics of DR imaging include
solid-state detector receptor plates a direct-capture imaging system immediate image display
The two types of cells in the body are
somatic and genetic
Which of the following bones has wings?
sphenoid bone
If you suspect an object is contaminated, assume:
that is contaminated
Distance and receptor exposure are governed by what law?
Inverse square law
Effective dose limit:
Is 5000 mrem per year for occupationally exposed individuals
The active matrix array for indirect conversion systems uses
amorphous silicon
the base of your stance is
in contact with the floor
The suffix that means "like" is:
-oid
Film badges are generally accurate down to the level of:
10 mrem
Decreased SID causes image:
Magnification
chest x ray cr ray directed to
Perpendicular to T7
Synovial joints are called:
diarthroses
If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body over a short period of time, its effect
will be greater than if it was delivered over a long period of time
The radiograph shown below exhibits a loss of receptor exposure as a result of
x-ray tube angulation
The accuracy of collimation at a 72 inch SID must be:
+ or - 1.44 inches
The accuracy of collimation at a 60 inch SID must be:
+ or - 1.2 inches
The suffix that means "tumor" is:
-oma
The equivalent dose limit for the embryo-fetus is:
0.05 rem per year
An exposure was made at 40" SID using 5 mAs and 105 kVp, using an 8:1 grid. Another image of the same part is being made using a 12:1 grid and 90 kVp. Which of the following exposure times using 400 mA will maintain original exposure?
0.1 s
If a patient received 1,400 mrad during a 7-minute fluoroscopic examination, what was the dose rate?
0.2 rad/min
The cumulative effective dose limit for the general public, assuming infrequent exposure is:
0.5 rem
An uncontrolled area must be kept under what dose annually?
0.50 rem
The radiation weighting factor for x-rays is:
1
The trapezium is identified below as
1
Desirable conditions for viewing digital images include decreased ambient light reduced monitor glare well-lit area
1 and 2
Image noise is likely to increase with an increase in scattered radiation quantum mottle SNR
1 and 2
The late effects of radiation are considered to have no threshold dose be directly related to dose occur within hours of exposure
1 and 2
The position illustrated in the figure below can be used to successfully demonstrate the PA oblique sternum left anterior ribs barium-filled gastric fundus
1 and 2
Which of the following procedures demonstrate renal function?
1 and 2 onl
A positive contrast agent absorbs x-ray photons is composed of elements with high atomic number is seen as a dark area on the image
1 and 2 only
According to the line-focus principle, an anode having a small angle results in
1 and 2 only
An increase in the kV applied to the x-ray tube increases the percentage of high-energy photons produced exposure rate patient absorption
1 and 2 only
Heat production at the anode increases when using high mAs factors small focal spot high kV factors low-ratio grids
1 and 2 only
Maslow's hierarch of basic human needs includes which of the following? self-esteem love and belongingness death with dignity
1 and 2 only
The effective energy of an x-ray beam is increase by increasing the added filtration kVp mA
1 and 2 only
Which of the following are characteristics of anemia? Decreased number of circulating red blood cells Decreased hemoglobin Hematuria
1 and 2 only
Which of the following are demonstrated in the lateral projection of the C-spine? intervertebral joints zygapophyseal joints intervertebral foramina
1 and 2 only
Which of the following is/are evaluation criterion/criteria for a PA chest x-ray of the heart and lungs? Ten pairs of posterior ribs above the diaphragm The medial ends of the clavicles equidistant from the vertebral column Scapulae seen through the upper lung fields
1 and 2 only
Which of the following x-ray circuit devices operates on the principle of mutual induction? High-voltage transformer Filament transformer Auto transform
1 and 2 only
Characteristics of a 16:1 grid include which of the following? It absorbs more useful radiation than an 8:1 grid It has more centering latitude than an 8:1 grid It is used with higher kV exposures than an 8:1 grid
1 and 3 only
Which of the following statements is true regarding the lateral projection of the lumber spine? The MSP is parallel to the tabletop The vertebral foramina are well visualized The pedicles are well visualized
1 and 3 only
In which of the following procedures is quiet, shallow breathing recommended during the exposure to obliterate prominent pulmonary vascular markings? RAO sternum Lateral thoracic spine AP scapula
1, 2, and 3
Personnel radiation monitor reports must include which of the following information? Dose equivalent for report period Dosimeter type Radiation quality
1, 2, and 3
Abdominal viscera located in the retroperitoneum include the kidneys duodenum ascending and descending colon
1 only
Dorsal decubitus projections of the chest are used to evaluate small amounts of fluid in the posterior chest air in the posterior chest fluid in the anterior chest
1 only
Acceptable methods of minimizing motion unsharpness are suspended respiration short exposure time patient instructions
1, 2, and 3
Body substances that are considered potential infectious include feces breast milk wound drainage
1, 2, and 3
Brightness and contrast resolution in digital imaging can be influenced by window level window width lookup table (LUT)
1, 2, and 3
Geometric unsharpness will be least obvious at long SIDs with small focal spots at the anode end of the image
1, 2, and 3
Improper support of a patient's fractured lower leg could result in
1, 2, and 3
In 1906, Bergonie and Tribondeau theorized that undifferentiated cells are highly radiosensitive. Which of the following are characteristics of undifferentiated cells? Young cells Highly mitotic cells Precursor cells
1, 2, and 3
The advantages of high-frequency generators over earlier generators include smaller size nearly constant potential lower patient dose
1, 2, and 3
The brightness level of the fluoro image depends on mA kV Patient thickness
1, 2, and 3
The decision whether to deliver ionic or nonionic contrast medium should include a preliminary patient history, included but not limited to patient age history of respiratory disease history of cardiac disease
1, 2, and 3
The radiation dose to a part depends on which of the following? Type of tissue interactions Quantity of radiation Biologic differences
1, 2, and 3
Typical patient demographic and exam information include(s) type of exam accession number date and time of exam
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is/are considered long-term somatic effects of exposure to ionizing radiation? life-span shortening carcinogenesis cataractogenesis
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is/are correct regarding care of protected leaded aprons? Lead aprons should be fluoroscoped yearly to check for cracks Lead gloves should be fluoroscoped yearly to check for cracks Lead aprons should be hung on appropriate racks when not in use
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is/are valid evaluation criteria for a later projection of the forearm? The radius and the ulna should be superimposed distally The coronoid process and the radial head should be partially superimposed The humeral epicondyles should be superimposed
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following statements is true regarding the radiograph below? The part is rotated Pneumothorax is present Adequate inspiration is demonstrated
1, 2, and 3
Geometric unsharpness within the radiographic image can be minimized by using the:
1. Smallest focal spot 2. Shortest object film distance 3. Longest target film distance
A radiographic grid should be used when:
1. The body part to be radiographed measures more than 10cm 2. A field size larger than 10 to 12 inches is used 3. More than 60 kVp is required to penetrate a body part
The right posterior oblique (RPO) position of the left acetabulum will demonstrate the
1. posterior rim of the left acetabulum. 2. left anterior iliopubic column.
Muscles that contribute to the formation of the rotator cuff include the
1. subscapularis. 2. infraspinatus. 3. teres minor.
The AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices requires the CR to be directed
15 degrees cephalad
The risk of inoculation with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered high for the following entry sites:
1.Broken skin2.Shared needles
Which of the following is (are) important for patient protection during fluoroscopic procedures?
1.Intermittent fluoroscopy 2.Fluoroscopic field size 3.Focus-to-table distance
Which of the following is (are) characteristic(s) of a 16:1 grid?
1.It absorbs a high percentage of scattered radiation .2.It has little positioning latitude .3.It is used with high-kVp exposures.
As the image intensifier's FOV is reduced, how is the resulting image affected?
1.Magnification increases2.Brightness decreases3.Quality increases
Radiation safety requirements for fluoroscopic equipment include the following:
1.SSD at least 38 cm on stationary (fixed) equipment.2.SSD at least 30 cm on mobile equipment.3.high level/boost mode must have continuous audible signal.
A minor reaction to the intravenous (IV) administration of a contrast agent can include
1.a few hives. 2.nausea. 3.flushed face.
Excessive anode heating can cause vaporized tungsten to be deposited on the port window. This can result in
1.decreased tube output.2.tube failure.3.electrical sparking.
Angulation of the central ray may be required
1.to avoid superimposition of overlying structures.2.to avoid foreshortening or self-superimposition.3.to project through certain articulations.
Radiographers should wear gloves when they might come in contact with
1.wounds.2.mucous membrane.3.body fluids containing blood.
The secondary protective barrier must overlap the primary protective barrier by at least:
1/2 inch
If 85 kV and 20 mAs were used for a particular abdominal exposure with single-phase equipment, what mAs would be required to produce a similar radiograph with 3-phase, 12-pulse equipment.
10
When a quality control test for accuracy of kVp is performed, the result must be within ____________ of the control panel setting
10
When a quality control test for exposure linearity is performed, adjacent mA stations must be within _____________ of one another.
10%
Leakage radiation from a diagnostic x-ray tube may not exceed:
100 mR per hour hour, measured at 1 m from the housing
A satisfactory image was made without a grid using a 72: SID and 8 mAs. If the distance is changed to 40" and a 12:1 ratio grid is used, what should be the new mAs?
12 mAs
Which of the following sets of exposure factors would produce the radiograph with the most magnification?
120 mAs, 92 kVp, 20 inch SID, 4 inch OID
From which of the following primary beam sizes, all other factors remaining constant, will the greatest radiation exposure result?
14 x 17
The SMV oblique axial projection of the zygomatic arches requires that the skull be rotated
15 degrees away from affected side
For PA axial projection of the clavicle, the central ray is angled:
15 to 30 degrees caudad
Which of the following is the approximate skin dose for 5 min of fluoro performed at 1.5 mA?
157 mGy
The AP projection of the sacrum requires the central ray to be directed
15° cephalad to a point approximately 2 inches superior to the pubis
An AP external oblique projection of the elbow will demonstrate the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa capitulum of the humerus radial head free of superimposition
2 and 3
Which of the x-ray circuit devices shown below requires alternating current for effective operation? Number 3 Number 7 Number 8
2 and 3
Advantages of direct digital radiography (DR) over computed radiography (CR) include: DR is less expensive DR has immediate readout IPs are not needed for DR
2 and 3 only
Which of the dose-response curves shown below illustrate(s) a threshold dose?
2 and 3 only
Which of the following positions can be used to effectively demonstrate the left colic flexure during a barium enema?
2 and 3 only
Which of the following procedures may be used to better demonstrate the interphalangeal joints of the toes? angle the CR 15 degrees caudad angle the CR 15 degrees cephalad place a 15-degree sponge under the foot
2 and 3 only
When a quality control test for collimator accuracy is performed, the result must be within ___________.
2% of SID
Which of the following statements regarding the image below are correct? The patient is upright Duodenal mucosa is visualized The image was made in the RAO position The patient is in a recumbent position The image is part of a lower GI exam The image was made in the LPO position
2, 4, and 6
For the PA axial projection of the colon, the central ray is angled caudad how many degrees?
30 to 40
Use of a portion of the input phosphor during fluoroscopy, rather than the entire input phosphor, will result in
2. a magnified image. 3. improved spatial resolution.
In the 15° medial oblique projection of the ankle, the
2. talotibial joint is visualized.3.malleoli demonstrated in profile.
Which of the following groups of technical factors would deliver the lowest patient dose?
2.5 mAs, 100 kV
If the entrance skin dose for a particular radiograph is 25 mGy, the radiation exposure at 1 m from the patient will be approximately
2.5 mGy
Which projection(s) of the abdomen would be used to demonstrate pneumoperitoneum?
2.Left lateral decubitus 3.Upright
The AP oblique projection (medial rotation) of the elbow demonstrates which of the following?
2.Olecranon process within the olecranon fossa3.Coronoid process free of superimposition
Given an original technique of 10 mAs and 70 kVp, which of the following would produce a radiograph with double the density?
20 mAs, 70 kVp
Which of the following groups of technical factors will produce the least receptor exposure?
200 mA, 0.25 s, 70 kV, 12:1 grid
Which of the following image intensifier modes will result in the lowest patient dose?
25-inch mode
The cumulative occupational exposure for a 29-year old radiographer is:
29 rem
Which of the illustrations below most closely portrays a hypersthenic body type?
3
Which of the labeled bones below identifies the cuboid?
3
A patient with an upper respiratory tract infection is transported to the radiology department for a chest exam. Who should be masked? Technologist Transporter Patient
3 only
When oxygen is administered to the patient, the usual flow rate is:
3 to 5 L/minute
Select the correct statements regarding the structure indicated by the number 7 below.
3, 4, and 5
For the following Towne's skull radiograph, the central ray is directed to the:
30 degrees to OML
If exposure factors of 85 kVp, 400 mA, and 12 ms yield an output exposure of 150 mR, what is the milliroentgens per milliampere-seconds (mR/mAs)?
31
Technical factors of 80 kV and 8 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What should be the new mAs if an 8:1 grid is added?
32 mAs
Which of the following positions/projections of the skull will result in the most shape distortion?
37° Towne
For axial projection of the calcaneus, the central ray is angled how many degrees to the long axis of the foot?
40
With the patient positioned as shown below, how should the CR be directed to best demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa?
40 degrees caudad to the popliteal depression
Given an original technique of 20 mAs and 80 kVp, which of the following would produce a radiograph with double the image receptor exposure?
40 mAs, 80 kVp
To demonstrate the glenoid fossa in profile, the patient is positioned
45 degree oblique, affected side down
Referring to the figure below, which heart chamber pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta and to all body tissues?
5 left ventricle
What is the established fetal dose-limit for pregnant radiographers during the entire gestation period?
5 mSv
The effective dose limit for radiographers is:
5 rem per year
For AP projection of the knee, the central ray is angled:
5 to 7 degrees cephalad
When a quality control test for exposure reproducibility is performed, successive exposures must be within ___________ of one another.
5%
According to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), the entire gestational dose-equivalent limit for embryo/fetus of a pregnant radiographer is
5.0 mSv
The NCRP recommends an annyal occupational effective dose equivalent limit of
50 mSv
What is the annual dose-equivalent limit for the skin and hands of an occupationally exposed individual?
50 rem
Which of the following combinations would deliver the least amount of heat to the anode of a three-phase, 12-pulse x-ray unit?
500 mA, 0.033 s, 85 kV
The exposure switch on a portable x-ray machine must be attached to a cord that is at least how many feet long?
6
Which of the following sets of exposure factors would produce the radiograph with the highest contrast?
60 mAs, 80 kVp, 40-inch SID, 4 inch OID
Which of the following groups of exposure factors will deliver the least patient dose?
600 mA, 30 ms, 90 kVp
If the exposure rate at 3 ft from the fluoroscopic table is 40 mR/h, what will be the exposure rate for 30 minutes at a distance of 5 ft from the table?
7 mR
If 92 kV and 15 mAs were used for a particular abdominal exposure with single-phase equipment, what milliampere-seconds value would be required to produce a similar radiograph with three-phase, 12-pulse equipment?
7.5
To eject a K-shell electron from a tungsten atom, the incoming electron must have energy of at least
70 keV
An exposure was made using 300 mA and 50 ms. If the exposure time is changed to 22 ms, what mA selection would most closely approximate the original receptor exposure?
700 mA
Medical and dental radiation accounts for what percentage of the general public's exposure to human-made radiation?
80%
If 0.5 Gy was delivered during a 6-min fluoro exam, what was the dose rate?
83.3 mGy/min
What percentage of x-ray attenuation does a 0.5 mmlead equivalent apron at 75 kVp provide?
88%
If 92 kV and 12 mAs were used for a particular abdominal exposure with single-phase equipment, what mAs would be required to produce a similar radiograph with three-phase, six-pulse equipment?
9
Which of the following identifies the head of the ulna in the figure below?
9
What is the needle angle usually recommended for intramuscular injections?
90 degrees
Modulation transfer function (MTF) is:
A measure of the ability of the imaging system to preserve signal contrast as a function of the spatial resolution
Which of the following positions is most likely to offer the best visualization of the pulmonary apices?
AP axial lordotic
Which of the following projections require(s) that the shoulder be placed in external rotation?
AP humerus
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the tarsal navicular free of superimposition?
AP oblique, medial rotation
The lesser tubercle of the humerus will be visualized in profile in the
AP shoulder internal rotation
Which of the following exposures would most likely deliver the greatest dose to the thyroid (think position AND technique)?
AP skull
Relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) describes the:
Ability of radiation to produce biologic damage
Which acronym is used to help rescuers remember the correct CPR step sequence?
CAB
Which of the following sets of exposure factors would produce the radiograph with the best spatial resolution?
All would produce equal spatial resolution
Grid conversion factor (Bucky factor) is described as the:
Amount of exposure increase necessary to compensate for the absorption of image-forming rays and scatter in the clean-up process
Which of the following will result as tube current increases?
An increase in x-ray photon quantity
Choosing the anatomical region on a touch screen display to set technique is called:
Anatomically programmed radiography
How often must the radiographic equipment be checked for linearity and reproducibility?
Annually
Sternoclavicular joints will be best demonstrated in which of the following positions?
Anterior oblique
The sternoclavicular joints will be best demonstrated in which of the following positions?
Anterior oblique
Unwanted markings on a radiograph are called:
Artifacts
Which of the following conditions will require an increase in x-ray photon energy/penetration?
Ascites
For purposes of radiation protection, the x-ray beam is filtered. X-ray tubes operating above 70 kVp must have total filtration of:
At least 2.5 mm aluminum equivalent
When electric signals are sampled for conversion to a digital image, what sampling frequency is required to maintain image resolution?
At least twice the number of pixels required to form the image ??????
The feature of the image intensifier that ensures the radiation dose striking the input phosphor is constant is the:
Automatic brightness control
Which of the following functions to protect the x-ray tube and the patient from overexposure in the event that the phototimer fails to terminate an exposure?
Backup timer
Which of the following examinations require(s) restriction of a patient's diet?
Barium enema Pyelogram
For the AP projections of the foot, the central ray enters at the:
Base of the third metatarsal
If a radiographer performed a lumbar spine examination on a patient who was supposed to have an elbow examination, which of the following charges may be brought against the radiographer?
Battery
Located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is (are) the:
Bicipital groove
Which of the following terms is used to describe unsharp edges of tiny radiographic details?
Blur
A clinical fracture is not visible on the initial radiograph. Frequently a subsequent radiograph obtained within a ten day period will reveal the fracture site due to:
Callus formation at the fracture site.
Which bone is located in the wrist, between the trapezoid and the hamate?
Capitate
The sections of the stomach where the esophagus enters is called the:
Cardiac portion
Thermionic emission occurs at the:
Cathode
The law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states:
Cells are most sensitive to radiation when they are immature, undifferentiated, and rapidly dividing
Which of th following technical changes is most likely to permit the greatest reduction in patient dose?
Change from an 8:1 grid to non grid technique
Instead of Vidicon or Plumbicon tubes, what device may be used in the television system?
Charged coupled device (CCD)
Which of the following is used in digital fluoroscopy, replacing the image intensifier's television camera tube?
Charged-coupled device
What is used to reduce both patient dose and the production of scatter radiation?
Collimation
Which of the following are used to control the production of scattered radiation? Collimators Optimal kV Grids
Collimators Optimal kV
Which photon-tissue interaction produces a recoil electron and a scattered photon in diagnostic radiography?
Compton
Which of the following contributes most to occupational exposure?
Compton scatter
Beam restrictors reduce the amount of scatter produced by reducing which of the following?
Compton's intereactions
In which type of equipment does kilovoltage decrease during the actual length of the exposure?
Condenser-discharge mobile equipment
To compensate for variations in gain across a digital receptor, which of the following maintenance steps should be taken?
Conduct a calibration correction for image nonuniformity
This type of infection transmission occurs when an infected person or contaminated object touches a host:
Contact transmission
The measure of a grid's ability to enhance contrast is called:
Contrast improvement factor
How would the introduction of a 6-in. OID affect image contrast? Correct!
Contrast would be increased
Areas occupied by persons trained in radiation safety and wearing personnel monitoring devices are called:
Controlled areas
The outer portion of the kidney is called the:
Cortex
What "language" is used by PACS?
DICOM
Advantages of digital radiography (DR) over computer radiography (CR) include
DR has immediate readout. Cassettes are not needed for DR.
If kVp is increased, what happens to the radiographic contrast?
Decrease
If mAs increased by four times, what effect is there on spatial resolution?
Decrease
What effect does increasing filtration have on contrast?
Decrease contrast
The portion of the colon located between the splenic flexure and the sigmoid portion is called:
Descending
thumb mcp joint is
Diarthrotic joint
Which of the following causes about 5% of the cellular response to radiation?
Direct effect
How are LET and biologic response (RBE) related?
Directly related
Quality Control (QC) testing is used to evaluate digital display monitors in all of the following ways, except
Display matrix size
Which of the following is recommended for a cervical spine having recent trauma or known fracture?
Dorsal decubitus lateral
The portion of the small bowel that connects with the stomach is called the:
Duodenum
Demonstration of which anatomic structures require(s) ingestion of barium sulfate suspension?
Duodenum Pylorus
When are embryologic effects least likely to occur?
During the final trimester of gestation
The upper boundary dose that can be absorbed that carries a negligible risk of somatic or genetic damage to the individual defines:
Effective dose limit
Structures seen outside of the collimated area on a radiograph, produced by the "off focus: (extrafocal) radiation, are the result of:
Electron interaction within the x-ray tube at a point other than the focal spot
Which of the following conditions requires a decrease in technical factors? Emphysema Osteomalacia Atelectasis
Emphysema Osteomalacia
Which of the following types of adult tissue cells are considered radiosensitive? Select all that apply.
Epithelial cells Intestinal crypt cells Lymphocytes
Which of the following can be documented as an indication of patient dose?
Exposure indicator
A decrease from 200 to 100 mA will result in a decrease in which of the following?
Exposure rate Beam intensity
Referring to the simplified x-ray circuit below, what is indicated by the number 6?
Filament circuit
With which of the following does the trapezium articulate?
First metacarpal
Mutations are examples of:
Genetic effects
Which of the following defines the gonadal dose that, if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic effect on that population as the actual doses received by each of the individuals?
Genetically significant dose
Which of the following expresses the gonadal dose that, if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic effect on that population as the actual doses received by each of the individuals?
Genetically significant dose
With the patient in an erect 45 degree LPO and the CR directed 2" medial and 2" inferior to the upper outer border of the should, which of the following will be visualized to best advantage?
Glenoid cavity in profile
The part of the kidney through which blood is first filtered is called the:
Glomeruli
Which of the following are included in whole-body dose equivalent? Gonads Lens Extremities
Gonads Lens
The SI unit of absorbed dose is the:
Gray
The lateral surface of the stomach is called the:
Greater curvature
Tachycardia indicates a pulse of:
Greater than 100 beats per minute
Some level of hypertension is indicated when diastolic pressure is:
Greater than 90
Hospitals and other health care providers must ensure patient confidentiality in compliance with which of the following legislation?
HIPAA
The most effective method to prevent the spread of infection is:
Handwashing
Prior to the start of an IVU, which of the following procedures should be carried out?
Have patient empty the bladder. Review the patient's allergy history. Check the patient's creatinine level.
Grid ratio is expressed as:
Height of the lead strips to the space between them
Which of the following technical changes would best serve to remedy the effect of very dissimilar tissue densities?
High-kilovoltage exposure factors
Which of the following is associated with magnification fluoro? Higher patient dose than non-mag Higher voltage to the focusing lenses Image intensifier focal point closer to the input phosphor
Higher patient dose than non-mag
A compression fracture of the posterolateral humeral head and associated with an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is called a(an)
Hill-Sachs defect
Which of the following conditions is often the result of ureteral obstruction or stricture?
Hydronephrosis
All the following statements regarding CR IPs are true except
IPs must exclude all white light
The portion of the small bowel that connects with the cecum is called the:
Ileum
A patient is being positioned for a particular radiographic examination. The x-ray tube, image recorder, and grid are properly aligned, but the body part is angled. Which of the following will result?
Image distortion
Which of the following account(s) for an x-ray beam's heterogeneity?
Incident electrons interacting with several layers of tungsten target atoms Energy differences among incident electrons Electrons moving to fill different shell vacancies
Using fixed milliampere-seconds and variable kilovoltage technical factors, each centimeter increase in patient thickness requires what adjustment in kilovoltage?
Increase 2 kV
Because the digtial system software ultimately controls contrast, kVp may be:
Increased
When radiation strikes the cytoplasm, which of the following occurs?
Indirect effect
Correct positioning of the AP forearm includes which of the following element(s)?
Interepicondylar line parallel to the IR Forearm extended and supinated
In which position of the shoulder is the greater tubercle seen superimposed on the humeral head?
Internal rotation
Which of the following is (are) demonstrated in the lateral projection of the cervical spine?
Intervertebral joints Apophyseal joints
In what order should the following examinations be scheduled?
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) Barium enema (BE) Upper GI
Which of the following involves intentional misconduct? Select all that apply.
Invasion of privacy False imprisonment
How does filtration affect the primary beam?
It increases the average energy of the primary beam.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the control dosimeter that accompanies each shipment of personnel radiation monitors?
It should be stored away from all radiation sources
How will x-ray photon intensity be affected if the source-to-image distance (SID) is doubled?
Its intensity decreases four times
Radiography of which of the following structure(s) in the AP or PA position will inherently result in an image demonstrating shape distortion of the anatomic part?
Kidney Scaphoid Sigmoid
Structure #3 in the figure below is best demonstrated in which position?
Lateral
Which of the following positions will separate the radial head, neck, and tuberosity from superimposition on the ulna?
Lateral oblique
In which projection of the foot are the interspaces between the first and second cuneiforms best demonstrated?
Lateral oblique foot
For lateral projection for the facial bones, the central ray enters at the:
Lateral surface of the zygomatic bone
For which of the following examinations can the anode heel effect be an important consideration?
Lateral thoracic spine AP femur
Which projection of the foot will best demonstrate the longitudinal arch?
Lateral weight-bearing
Which of the following is a functional study used to demonstrate the degree of AP motion present in the cervical spine?
Laterals in flexion and extension
To image suspected abdominal free air in an infant, which of the following projections of the abdomen will demonstrate the condition with the lowest patient dose?
Left lateral decubitus without grid
To radiograph an infant for suspected free air within the abdominal cavity, which of the following projections of the abdomen will demonstrate the condition with the least patient exposure?
Left lateral decubitus without grid
The advantages of beam restriction include which of the following?
Less scattered radiation is produced. Less biologic material is irradiated.
Which of the following terms is used to express the resolution of a diagnostic image?
Line pairs per mm
Radiation safety standards assume what relationship between dose and response?
Linear-nonthreshold
Which of the following individual vertebrae are larger and heavier than other individual vertebrae?
Lumbar vertebrae
A focal-spot size of 0.3 mm or smaller is essential for which of the following procedures?
Magnification radiography
The smallest digital detectors (approximately 100 microns) provide the best spatial resolution and, therefore, are best-suited for use in:
Mammography
Compton interactions:
May produce a gray fog on the image, lowering the contrast
What is the name of the plane indicated by the number 1 below?
Midcoronal plane
The amount of time needed for an AEC to terminate the exposure is called:
Minimum reaction time
What feature is used to display RIS information about current patients?
Modality work list
The smallest particle of a compound that retains the characteristics of the compound is a(n):
Molecule
Which of the following describes the radiosensitivity of lymphocytes?
Most radiosensitive cells in the body
Which of the following devices converts electrical energy to mechanical energy?
Motor
What agency publishes radiation protections recommendations?
NCRP
At the time of exposure, the charge on the focusing cup is the:
Negative
What must precede any examinations involving iodinated contrast media?
Nephrotoxicity assessment
Which of the following cell types has the lowest radiosensitivity?
Nerve cells
Under what conditions can the radiographer be exposed to the primary beam?
Never, under any conditions
Which of the following is a fast-acting vasodilator used to lower blood pressure and relieve the pain of angina pectoris?
Nitroglycerine
The accuracy of kVp at 90 kVp must be:
No lower than 86 kVp and no higher than 94 kVp
Which of the following medications commonly found on emergency carts functions to raise blood pressure?
Norepinephrine
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding a two-member team performing mobile radiography on a patient with MRSA precautions?
One radiographer remains "clean"—that is, he or she has no physical contact with the patient. The radiographer who positions the mobile unit also makes the exposure.
Which of the following pathologic conditions are considered additive conditions with respect to selection of exposure factors?
Osteoma Bronchiectasis Pneumonia
The best projection to demonstrate the articular surfaces of the femoropatellar articulation is the
PA knee
The carpal scaphoid can be demonstrated in which of the following projection(s) of the wrist? PA oblique PA with radial deviation PA with elbow elevated 20 degrees
PA oblique
Image display, and image storage are the primary components of what system?
PACS
Europium-activated barium fluorohalide is associated with
PSP storage plates
An undistorted radiographic image results when the object plane and the image plane are:
Parallel
A flat and upright abdomen is requested on an acutely ill patient, to demonstrate the presence of air-fluid levels. Because of the patient's condition, the x-ray table can be tilted upright only 70° (rather than the desired 90°). How should the central ray be directed? Here's the flat plate of the abdomen (KUB).
Parallel to the floor
Which of the following safeguards is (are) taken to prevent inadvertent irradiation in early pregnancy?
Patient postings Patient questionnaire Elective booking
Which of the following interventional procedures can be used to increase the diameter of a stenosed vessel?
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) Stent placement
For radiography of the fingers, the central enters:
Perependicular to the proximal interphalangeal joint
For the following radiograph, the central ray is directed: lateral c spine
Perpendicular to C4
For PA projection of the chest, the central ray is directed:
Perpendicular to T7
When an AP projection of the hip is performed, the central ray is directed:
Perpendicular to a point 2 inches medial to the ASIS at the level of the superior margin of the greater trochanter
cr ray for ap lumbar spine
Perpendicular to midline, entering at the level of the iliac crests
For a PA projection of the hand, the central ray is centered:
Perpendicular to the third metacaropophalangeal joint
Which of the following is a violation of correct sterile technique?
Persons in sterile dress should pass each other face to face.
The photon-tissue interaction in diagnostic radiography that results in the total absorption of an x-ray photo and the production of contrast in the radiographic image is:
Photoelectric
Sampling frequency in computed radiography (CR) is expressed as:
Pixels/mm or pixel density
Manual manipulation of the digital image after acquisition is referred to as:
Postprocessing
Radiation that exits the x-ray tube from the anode is called:
Primary radiation
A patient unable to supinate the hand for an anteroposterior (AP) projection of the forearm:
Probably has a fracture of the radial head and must be handled carefully
In which of the following tangential axial projections of the patella is complete relaxation of the quadriceps femoris required for an accurate diagnosis?
Prone flexion 90 degrees (Settegast) Prone flexion 55 degrees (Hughston)
The pyloric canal and duodenal bulb are best demonstrated during an upper GI in which of the following positions?
RAO
Which of the following best describes the position shown below?
RAO
Which of the following positions would demonstrate the right lumbar apophyseal articulations closest to the IR?
RPO
_____________ refers to 100 ergs of energy deposited per 1 g of tissue.
Rad
A legal doctrine that states the cause of the negligence is obvious is known as:
Re ipsa loquitur
Because the x-ray tube requires DC to operate properly, what device is required in the x-ray circuit?
Rectifier
The traditional unit of dose equivalency is the:
Rem
The traditional unit of in-air exposure is the:
Roentgen
A radiograph exposed using a 12:1 ratio grid may exhibit a loss of receptor exposure at its lateral edges because the
SID was too great
Which of the following statements regarding SNR is most accurate?
SNR increase as kV decreases
The exposure switch must keep the radiographer behind the:
Secondary protective barrier
The x-ray control booth is considered a:
Secondary protective barrier
How does beam restriction affect contrast?
Shorter scale of contrast
The SI unit of equivalent dose and effective dose is the:
Sievert
Recently, dual-sided reading technology has become available in more modern CR readers, in which two sets of photodetectors are used to capture light released from the front and back sides of the phosphor storage plate, or PSP (photostimulable phosphor). This technology enables improved:
Signal-to-noise ratio
The filament circuit makes use of what type of transformer?
Step-down
Which blood vessels are best suited for determination of pulse rate?
Superficial arteries
Located below the tubercles of the humerus is(are) the:
Surgical neck
Ingestion of barium sulfate is contraindicated in which of the following situations?
Suspected perforation of a hollow viscus Suspected large bowel obstruction Preoperative patients
Which bones distributes body weight from the tibia to the other tarsal bones?
Talus
The radiograph below could be improved in which way?
The MSP should be 90 degrees to the IR
In digital imaging, the maximum spatial resolution is equal to:
The Nyquist frequency, which is 1/2X the pixel pitch (mm)
Which of the following would be the safest interval of time for a fertile woman to undergo abdominal radiography without significant concern for irradiating a recently fertilized ovum?
The first 10 days after menstruation starts
If the center photocell were selected for a lateral projection of the lumbar spine that was positioned with the spinous processes instead of the vertebral bodies centered to the grid, how would the resulting radiograph look?
The image would be underexposed
Which of the following statements regarding the scapular Y projection of the shoulder is (are) true?
The midsagittal plane should be about 60 degrees to the IR. The scapular borders should be superimposed on the humeral shaft. An oblique projection of the shoulder is obtained.
Which of the following radiation protection measures is (are) appropriate for mobile radiography?
The radiographer must be at least 6 ft from the patient and the x-ray tube during the exposure. / The radiographer must announce in a loud voice that an exposure is about to be made and wait for personnel, visitors, and patients to temporarily leave the area.
Dynamic range is defined as:
The range of exposures over which a detector can acquire image data
A device that is used to determine personnel exposure, using lithium fluoride crystals and heat, is a:
Thermoluminescent dosimeter.
Characteristics of high-ratio focused grids, compared with lower-ratio grids, include which of the following?
They are more efficient in collecting SR. They absorb more of the useful beam.
For AP projection of the toes, the central ray enters at the:
Third metatarsophalangeal joint
Which of the following is (are) used to account for the differences in tissue characteristics when determining effective dose to biologic material?
Tissue weighting factors (Wt)
One reason why only one image is preferred per image plate is:
To allow the radiologist to split the PACS monitor and display the current image and a prior image side-by-side for comparison
Violations of civil law are known as:
Torts
Devices in the x-ray circuit that increase or decrease voltage are called:
Transformers
What is the anatomic structure indicated by the number 3 on the image below?
Transverse process
Which of the following does not belong in the definition of matter?
Travels at the speed of light
Which bone is located in the wrist, between the lunate and the pisiform?
Triquetrum
Which of the following parts of the humerus articulate(s) with the ulna?
Trochlea
Areas for the general public such as waiting rooms and stairways are considered:
Uncontrolled area
Which of the following procedures will best demonstrate the cephalic, basilic, and subclavian veins?
Upper-limb venogram
An item that must never be placed above the level of the bladder is a:
Urinary catheter
Which of the following is the most frequent site of hospital-acquired infection?
Urinary tract
When the collimated field must extend past the edge of the body, allowing primary radiation to strike the tabletop, as in a lateral lumbar spine, what may be done to prevent excessive receptor exposure?
Use lead behind to absorb tabletop radiation
This type of infection transmission occurs when an animal contains and transmits and infectious organism to humans:
Vectorborne transmission
Which of the following is true regarding frequency and wavelength of elctromagnetic radiation?
Wavelength and frequency are inversely proprotional
Which of the following is true?
When kVp is decreased, there is an increase in the number of photoelectric interactions that occur
Gonadal shielding must be used:
Whenever it does not obstruct the area of clinical interest
The blunt cartilaginous tip of the sternum is the:
Xiphoid
All of the following are central venous lines except
a Salem-pump
A lateral projection of the hand in extension is often recommended to evaluate
a foreign body., soft tissue.
To demonstrate the first two cervical vertebrae in the AP projection, the patient is positioned so that
a line between the maxillary occlusal plane and the mastoid tip is vertical
The focal spot-to-table distance, in mobile fluoroscopy, must be
a minimum of 12 inches
Lyme disease is caused by bacteria carried by deer ticks. The tick bite may cause fever, fatigue, and other associated symptoms. This is an example of transmission of an infection by
a vector
The term dysplasia refers to
abnormal development of tissue
With which of the following does the lateral extremity of the clavicle articulate?
acromion process
Indirect modes of disease transmission include
airborne fomite
This type of infection transmission occurs as a result of coughing or sneezing.
airborne transmission
The skull radiograph below demonstrates
aliasing artifact
MSDS provide directions for
all persons exposed to hazardous materials
Gross negligence is
an act that shows reckless disregard for life or limb
Geometric unsharpness is most likely to be greater
at the cathode end of the image
X-ray tube life may be extended by using high-mAs, low-kVp technical factors avoiding lengthy anode rotation avoiding exposures on a cold anode
avoiding lengthy anode rotation avoiding exposures on a cold anode
The infection streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) is caused by a
bacterium
The ethical principle that refers to bringing about good, or benefiting others, is called
beneficence
The annual dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is valid for
beta, x-, and gamma radiation
The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus may be transmitted
by sharing contaminated needles. from mother to child during birth. by intimate contact with body fluids.
The AIDS virus may be transmitted (select all that apply)
by sharing needles from mother to child during birth by intimate contact with bodily fluids
The type of shock often associated with pulmonary embolism or myocardial infarction is classified as
cardiogenic
The ridge that marks the bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left primary bronchi is the
carina
Because of the anode heel effect, the intensity of the x-ray beam is greatest along the
cathode end of the beam
The structure indicated by the number 6 in the image below is the
cecum
To demonstrate the pulmonary apices with the patient in the AP position, the
central ray is directed 15° to 20° cephalad.
The radiocarpal joint has what type of movement?
condyloid
Another name for Hirschsprung disease, the most common cause of lower GI obstruction in neonates, is
congenital megacolon
Extravasation occurs when
contrast medium is injected into surrounding tissues
In amorphous selenium flat-panel detectors, the term amorphous refers to a
crystalline material lacking a typical structure
If SID is doubled, receptor exposure is:
cut to one fourth
As the wavelength of the x-rays increases, penetrating ability:
decreases
The vessels seen as numbers 1 and 2 in the figure below function to convey
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Hypochlorite bleach (Clorox) and Lysol are examples of
disinfectants
Alignment of x-ray tube, part, and IR are essential to avoid distortion magnification image noise foreshortening elongation
distortion foreshortening elongation
Contaminated needles are disposed of in special containers in which of the following ways?
do not recap needle, dispose of entire syringe
Which of the following can function to double the receptor exposure? double the mAs increase kVp by 15% increase SID by 8 inches
double the mAs increase kVp by 15%
Somatic effects of radiation refer to effects that are manifested
during the life of the exposed individual
The dose from all types of ionizing radiation and its associated risk to human tissues is defined as
effective dose (EfD)
Where is the electron beam focused?
electron focusing lenses
The condition in which pulmonary alveoli lose their elasticity and become permanently inflated, causing the patient to consciously exhale, is
emphysema
Abnormal accumulation of air in pulmonary tissues, resulting in overdistention of the alveolar spaces, is
emphysema.
The quantity that is reflective of dose and the volume of tissue exposed is
entrance skin exposure
The medical term for nosebleed is
epistaxis
Accidental injection of medication or contrast medium into tissues around a vein is termed
extravasation
A radiographer would be in violation of the ARRT Code of Ethics for all of the following except
failing to wear a lead apron during fluoro
A diabetic patient who has taken insulin while preparing for a fasting radiologic examination is susceptible to a hypoglycemic reaction. This is characterized by
fatigue .restlessness.
The output phosphor can be coupled with the Vidicon TV camera or charge-coupled device (CCD) via
fiber optics. an image distributor or lens.
An incorrect relationship between the primary beam and the center of a focused grid results in
grid cutoff insufficient radiographic exposure to the image receptor
Somatic effects resulting from radiation exposure can
have possible consequences on the exposed individual cause temporary infertility
The medical term used to describe the vomiting of blood is
hematemesis
Which of the following drugs may be used to prolong blood clotting time? heparin diphenhydramine lidocaine
heparin
Which of the following waveforms has the lowest percentage of voltage ripple?
high frequency
A graphic representation of signal values representing various absorbing properties within the part being imaged is called a
histogram
The portion of a hypodermic needle that attaches to the syringe is termed its
hub
Which of the following are characteristics of a patient with pulmonary emphysema? hyperventilation increased AP chest diameter shoulder girdle elevation
hyperventilation increased AP chest diameter
An illness of unknown or obscure cause is said to be
idiopathic
Which of the following are associated with magnification fluoro? increased mA smaller portion of the input phosphor used image intensifier focal point moves closer to the output phosphor
increased mA smaller portion of the input phosphor used
Beam restriction has the following effect on contrast:
increases contrast
An emetic is used to
induce vomiting
Disadvantages of using low-kilovoltage technical factors include
insufficient penetration increased patient dose diminished latitude
What exposure factor causes excessive image noise if set too high?
kVp
Features of digital fluoro (DF) that contribute to patient dose reduction include
last-image hold pulsed exposure
Posterior displacement of a tibial fracture would be best demonstrated in the
lateral projection
With the patient supine, the left side of the pelvis elevated 25 degrees, and the CR entering 1 inch medial to the left ASIS, which of the following is best demonstrated?
left SI joint
The structure indicated by the number 1 in the image below is the
left colic flexure
During an intravenous urogram (IVU), the RPO position is used to demonstrate the
left kidney parallel to the IR right kidney perpendicular to the IR
Biologic material irradiated under hypoxic conditions is
less sensitive than when irradiated under oxygenated conditions
The dose-response curve that appears to be valid for genetic and some somatic effects is the
linear nonthreshold
Which of the following are considered most radiosensitive?
lymphocytes
Which of the following is the factor of choice for the regulation of radiographic exposure to the image receptor?
mAs
Twice as many electrons strike the target in the x-ray tube when:
mAs is doubled
Terms that refer to size distortion include
magnification
What is the anatomic structure indicated by number 1 in the image below?
mandibular angle
Which of the following bones has an alveolar process?
maxilla
The process of eliminating as many organisms as possibly by the use of water and chemical disinfectants is called:
medical asepsis
A "typical" skull would be described as:
mesocephalic
Which of the following cell types is the least radiosensitive?
myocytes
The most commonly used method of low-flow oxygen delivery is the
nasal canula
The classifications of acute radiation syndrome include all the following except
neonatal
Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of using a 30" SID with a 14f.17" IR to image a fairly homogeneous structure?
noticiple exposure variation between opposite ends of the IR
When interviewing a patient, what is it that the health care professional can observe?
objective signs
Which of the following anomalies is possible if an exposure dose of 400 mGy were delivered to a fetus during the 3rd week of pregnancy? skeletal anomaly organ anomaly neurologic anomaly
organ anomaly
A patient who has been recumbent for some time and gets up quickly may suffer from light-headedness or feel faint. This is called
orthostatic hypotension
A patient who has been recumbent for some time and gets up quickly may suffer from light-headedness or feel faint. This is referred to as
orthostatic hypotension
Which of the following bones helps to form a coronal suture?
parietal bone
Blowout fractures of the orbit are best demonstrated using the
parietoacanthial projection (Waters' method)
What is the anatomic structure indicated by number 6 in the image below?
pars interarticularis
The primary function of filtration is to reduce
patient skin dose
The medical abbreviation meaning "after meals" is
pc.
Structures comprising the neural, or vertebral, arch include
pedicles laminae
An increase in the kilovoltage applied to the x-ray tube increases the
percentage of high-energy photons produced. beam intensity.
The femoral neck can be located
perpendicular to a line drawn from the ASIS to the symphysis
A reaction that may occur in the vein in which an injection occurred is
phlebitis
The component of a CR image plate (IP) that records the radiologic image is the
photostimulable phosphor
The proximal radioulnar articulation has what type of movement?
pivot
The sampling frequency in CR is expressed as
pixel density
Grid interspace material can be made of
plastic aluminum
Which type of personnel radiation monitor is an ionization chamber that uses Bluetooth technology to relate its data to any mobile device or computer via USB connection?
pocket dosimeter
A lesion with a stalk projecting from the intestinal mucosa into the lumen is a(n)
polyp.
If a radiograph were made of an average size knee using AEC and all three photocells were selected, the resulting radiograph would demonstrate
poor detail
Accurate operation of the AEC device depends on
positioning of the object with respect to the photocell, beam restriction
An increase in kilovoltage will serve to
produce a longer scale of contrast
The intertrochanteric crest is located on the
proximal anterior femur
The medical abbreviation meaning "every hour" is
qh.
The regular measurement and evaluation of radiographic equipment components and their performance is most accurately called
quality control
Examples of primary radiation barriers include
radiographic room walls radiographic room floor
Aspirated foreign bodies in older children and adults are most likely to lodge in the
right main stem bronchus
Which of the following bones consists of five fused segments?
sacrum
As kVp is decreased:
scale of contrast shortens
A 15% decrease in kilovoltage accompanied by a 100% increase in milliampere-seconds will result in a(n)
shorter scale of contrast
A three-phase timer can be tested for accuracy using a synchronous spinning top. The resulting image looks like a
solid arc, with the angle (in degrees) representative of the exposure time.
Logrolling is a method of moving patients having suspected
spinal injury
Possible responses to irradiation in utero include
spontaneous abortion congenital anomalies childhood malignancies
Scattered radiation exposure to head and neck regions of personnel during fluoro procedures can be reduce by placing (3 answers):
staff at right angles to the center of the beam the fluoro tube under the patient the image intensifier over the patient
The CDC suggests that health care workers protect themselves and their patients from contamination by using
standard precautions
An autoclave is used for
steam sterilization.
A cathartic is used to
stimulate defecation.
Late effects of radiation, whose incidence is dose related and for which there is no threshold dose, are referred to as
stochastic
The control dosimeter that comes from the monitoring company should be
stored in a radiation-free area
In myelography, the contrast medium generally is injected into the
subarachnoid space between L3-L4
In myelography, the contrast medium generally is injected into the
subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae
Differential absorption of the x-ray beam produces:
subject contrast
The degree of difference between remnant beam signals is termed
subject contrast
A furrow is described as a :
sulcus
Deoxygenated blood from the head and thorax is returned to the heart by the
superior vena cava
The complete removal of all organisms from equipment and the environment in which patient care is conducted is called:
surgical asepsis
Recommended method(s) of minimizing motion unsharpness include
suspended respiration short exposure time patient instruction
Fibrous joints are called:
synarthroses
While measuring blood pressure, the first pulse that is heard is recorded as the
systolic pressure
A controlled area is defined as one
that is occupied by people trained in radiation safety that is occupied by people who wear radiation monitors whose occupancy factor is 1
When examining a patient whose elbow is in partial flexion
the AP projection requires 2 separate exposures
All the following are components of the image intensifier except
the TV monitor
Linear energy transfer (LET) may be best described as
the amount of energy delivered per distance traveled in time
All of the following statements regarding the inferosuperior axial (nontrauma, Lawrence method) projection of the shoulder are true, except
the arm should be in internal rotation.
Differences between body habitus tpes are likely to affect all of the following except
the degree of pone porosity
During IV urography, the prone position generally is recommended to demonstrate
the filling of the ureters the renal pelvis
All of the following statements regarding the bony thorax are true except
the gladiolus is the upper part of the sternum
In the production of Bremsstrahlung radiation
the incident electron is deflected, with resulting energy loss
Which of the following statements are true regarding the PA axial projection of the paranasal sinuses? the CR is directed caudally to the OML the petrous pyramids are projected into the lower third of the orbits the frontal sinuses are visualized
the petrous pyramids are projected into the lower third of the orbits the frontal sinuses are visualized
All the following are part of the Patient's Bill of Rights except
the right to review any institutional records
The batteries in battery-operated mobile x-ray units provide power to
the x-ray tube machine locomotion the braking mechanism
All of the following statements regarding three-phase current are true except
three-phase current is constant-potential direct current
All the following statements regarding three-phase current are true except
three-phase current is constant-potential direct current.
Hemovac or Penrose drains are used for
tissue drainage of wounds or postoperative drainage
The correct way(s) to check for cracks in lead aprons is (are)
to fluoroscope them once a year
TV camera tubes used in image intensification, such as the Plumbicon and Vidicon, function to
transfer the output-phosphor image to the TV monitor
Demonstration of the posterior fat pad on the lateral projection of the adult elbow can be caused by
trauma or other pathology, less than 90-degree flexion
A rounded projection of moderate size is called a:
tubercle
What is the anatomic structure indicated by the number 10 in the figure below?
ulnar styloid process
The AP oblique projection of the ilium requires that the
unaffected side be elevated 40 degrees
Which of the following radiographic exams require the patient to be NPO 8-10 hours prior to the exam for proper patient preparation? abdominal survey upper GI BE
upper GI BE
A signed consent form is necessary prior to performing all the following procedures except
upper GI series
What is the site of most nosocomial (health care acquired) infections?
urinary catheter
The most frequent site of hospital-acquired infection is the
urinary tract
The medical term for hives is
urticaria
The most common cause of x-ray tube failure is
vaporized tungsten on the glass envelope
The word part that means "organ" is:
viscer
Which of the following bones has a temporal process?
zygomatic bone
