Final OB managment
organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth
"Stability" is one of the seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of an organization's culture. It indicates the degree to which ________.
Givers have a larger net impact on an organization than Takers.
How do the individual impacts differ between a Giver and a Taker an organization?
prearrival, encounter, metamorphosis
Identify the correct order in the socialization process.
reward
If your superior tells you that she will offer you a raise provided you perform additional work beyond the requirements of your job, he/she is exercising ________ power.
A team works over some time period to accomplish common goals related to some task-oriented purpose.
Which of the following is true of teams?
Most experts believe individuals can be trained to exhibit charismatic behaviors.
Which of the following is true regarding whether charismatic leaders are born or made?
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning
Which of the following most completely represents Tuckman's model of team development?
pressure
Which of the following power tactics tends to backfire and is typically the least effective of the nine power tactics?
task structure
Which of the following situational dimensions identified by Fiedler relates to the degree to which job assignments are procedurized, that is, structured or unstructured?
Leadership is merely an attribution people make about other individuals.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the attribution theory of leadership?
Traits do a good job of predicting the emergence of leaders.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the conclusions about the trait theories of leadership?
A work group interacts primarily to share information, rather than to engage in work that requires joint effort.
Which of the following statements best defines a work group?
Organizational culture is descriptive, whereas job satisfaction is evaluative.
Which of the following statements distinguishes between organizational culture and job satisfaction?
Cross-functional teams are used for developing new ideas and coordinating complex projects.
Which of the following statements is true regarding a cross-functional team?
Performance-based rewards could include a bonus based on achievement of team goals.
Which of the following statements is true regarding a reward system that attempts to create good team players?
A dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of the organization's members.
Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization's culture?
Groups generate more complete information and knowledge than individuals.
Which of the following statements is true regarding group decision making?
If A has the capacity to influence the behavior of B, then A is said to have power over B.
Which of the following statements is true regarding power?
When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines.
Which of the following statements is true regarding size of teams?
Groups performing routine tasks won't benefit from task conflict.
Which of the following statements is true regarding task conflicts?
When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of group cohesiveness and performance norms on group productivity?
People in high-status jobs have especially negative reactions to social pressure exerted by people in low-status jobs.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on conformity pressure?
Lower-status members state fewer commands than high status members.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on group interaction?
Culture acts as a control mechanism and guides the behavior of employees.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of organizational culture and its effects on the organization?
norms
Which of the following terms best describes the acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by a group's members?
deviant workplace behavior
Which of the following terms best represents voluntary actions that violate significant organizational norms and, in doing so, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members?
behavioral theories
Which of the following theories of leadership implies that individuals can be trained to become leaders?
upward communication
Which of the following types of communication is most likely to be used by employees to provide feedback to higher-ups, inform them of progress toward goals, and relay current problems?
referent
Which of the following types of power can be categorized as personal power?
virtual teams
Which of the following types of teams allows for collaboration between team members who are physically dispersed?
increased power struggles
Which one of the following problems is most likely to occur in a matrix structure?
role
Which term refers to a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit?
relationship conflict
Which type of conflict is almost always dysfunctional?
Kindergartners; Kindergartners approached the problem in many different ways, building prototypes, while business students act upon the best solution.
Who was more successful in the Marshmallow challenge: Kindergartners or Business Students? Why?
channel
With reference to the communication process, the ________ is the medium through which the message travels.
reduced job satisfaction
Work specialization contributes to higher employee productivity—but at the price of ________.
high degree of work specialization
A ________ allows management to make the most efficient use of its employees' skills and even successfully improve them through repetition.
virtual
A ________ organization is a small, core organization that outsources major business functions.
True
A major disadvantage of written communication is that it is more time consuming than oral communication.
empathy
A manager should practice ________, which means in dealing with cross-cultural communication, a manager should put herself in the place of the employee to understand the employees values, experiences and frames of reference.
coercive
At the organizational level, if Jenn can dismiss, suspend, or demote Colby, assuming Colby values his or her job, Jenn has ________ power over Colby.
departmentalization
A manufacturing manager organizes a plant into engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and supply specialists departments. This division of an organization into groups according to work functions is an example of ________.
accommodating
A party who seeks to appease an opponent may be willing to place the opponent's interests above his or her own, sacrificing to maintain the relationship. We refer to this intention as ________.
True
A strong culture tends to be a liability for an organization when its environment is undergoing rapid change.
problem-solving
A team consists of employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving the work environment but they do not have the authority to unilaterally implement any of their suggestions. This is most likely to be a ________ team.
increased group conflict
At the midpoint of a project, groups tend to experience all of the following except which?
extraversion
According to research, which of the Big Five personality traits is the most important in effective leaders?
ability to conform to group norms
According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status?
high and low control; moderate control
According to the Fiedler contingency model of leadership, task-oriented leaders perform best in situations of ________, while relationship-oriented leaders perform best in ________ situations.
True
According to the Firespring video, a test of the true values of the organization includes: "Are you willing to sacrifice profit to protect (them)?"
The Wright brothers were more purpose-driven, aspiring to change the world.
According to the leadership video, why were the Wright Brothers the first in flight, before Samuel Pierpont Langley?
A CEO to cede their authority to a 'holocracy' Constitution (and related rule set).
According to the video on 'Holacracy', a Holacracy requires:
high outcome orientation
Alessio's boss doesn't care whether Alessio works at home, at the office, or from his beach house. All he cares about is that the project is completed on time, on budget, and with exemplary quality. Which characteristic of organizational culture best describes this aspect of Alessio's job?
trust discourages taking risks
All of the following are consequences of a relationship of trust between supervisors and employees, except that ________.
instant messaging
All of the following are examples of nonverbal communication except ________.
lower wage costs
All of the following are negative impacts of downsizing on organizational performance, except ________.
integrative
All things being equal, ________ bargaining is preferable to distributive bargaining because the former builds long-term relationships.
what; why
Based on the leadership video, people don't buy ___ you do, they buy ___ you do it.
True
Behavioral studies imply that people can be trained to be leaders.
high formalization
Both ________ and strong culture achieve the same end result of predictability, orderliness, and consistency.
subcultures
Cultures that tend to develop in large organizations to reflect common problems, situations, or experiences faced by groups of members in the same department or location are often called ________.
social loafing
Coasting on the group effort is termed ________.
distortion
Communication messages that are passed through a great many people will most likely suffer from which of the following?
False
Communication that flows from one level of a group or organization to a lower level is lateral communication.
situational variables
Contingency theories focus on the ________ that impact leadership success.
leadership ambiguity
Cross-functional teams are not easy to manage because power is shifted due to the need for different expertise in different areas. What does this situation create?
False
Departmentalization refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized.
anchoring
During a negotiation, making an initial offer leads to the ________ bias.
encounter
During the ________ stage, a new employee compares her expectations with the realities in the organization.
team efficacy
Effective teams have confidence in themselves and believe they can succeed. This confidence is called ________.
empathy
Emotional intelligence (EI) is critical to effective leadership because one of its core components is ________.
The workplace is the primary source of social interaction for most people.
Emotional sharing is very prominent in the workplace and a way for many individuals to meet their social needs. Why is this?
True
Employees with an internal locus of control are more likely to engage in political behavior.
False
Expert power develops out of admiration of another and a desire to be like that person.
leader-member relations
Fiedler labels the degree of confidence, trust, and respect that subordinates have in their leader as ________.
Radical truthfulness/transparency (and meritocracy)
From the Ray Dalio Bridgewater Associates radio clip provided in the power and influence portion of this class, Ray argues for:
The third side is "us"; when effective it provides a more holistic and detached understanding of the situation (i.e. "looking from the balcony").
From the William Ury video on conflict and negotiation, what is the 3rd side, and how does it work when effective?
five to nine
Generally speaking, the most effective teams have ________ members.
written communication
Generally, which of the following methods of communication should be used for communicating a complex and lengthy message when the message has to pass through a number of people?
wheel
Harriet has been charged with the task of evaluating two employees for possible promotions. She is interested in learning which employee has the most effective leadership skills. One of the employees is assigned to Team B, and the other is assigned to Team C. Which network structure should Harriet choose for these teams if she wishes to place the two employees in clear leadership positions on the teams?
False
High-context cultures rely essentially on spoken and written words to convey meaning; body language and formal titles are secondary.
Givers; Givers
In Adam Grant's research (video) who were the worst and best performers in his three outlined groups?
high-context cultures
In ________, people rely heavily on nonverbal and subtle situational cues in communicating with others, and a person's official status, place in society, and reputation carry considerable weight.
profit sharing
In addition to evaluating and rewarding employees for their individual contributions, management should consider using ________ to reinforce team effort and commitment.
groupshift
In discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution, group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold. This phenomenon is called ________.
High performing employees who don't share the firm's values.
In reference to the Firespring video on building a successful organizational culture, the founder asserts that 95% of problems caused by employees in an organization come from:
laissez-faire
In terms of the full range of leadership model, which leader behavior is the least effective?
Actively listen
In the "This I believe" audio link provided, Peggy Ramen's time spent in South Africa taught her primarily how to:
CEOs with an Executive Administrator; The executive admin was able to facilitate and improve their work process. Specialized Skills + Facilitation Skills = Success.
In the Marshmallow experiment, he compared a group of CEOs to a group of CEO's with an executive administrator. Which group did better and why?
team members tend to decrease their efforts
In the case of a team, when each member's contribution is not clearly visible, ________.
target
In the case of distributive bargaining, the ________ point indicates what a person would like to achieve out of a negotiation.
False
In the case of oral communication, when the message has to pass through a number of people, as the number of people increases the possibility of distortion of the message decreases.
consideration
In the context of behavioral dimensions of leadership identified in the Ohio State Studies, ________ is the extent to which a person's job relationships are characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees' ideas, and regard for their feelings.
False
In the socialization process, the period of learning that occurs before a new employee joins an organization is termed the encounter stage.
team; organizational
Individuals with a positive ________ identity but without a positive ________ identity can become fixed to their teams and unwilling to coordinate with other teams within the organization.
product
Some of the departments in Procter & Gamble are Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________.
predictability; autonomy
Job candidates who prefer ________ are likely to seek out and take employment in mechanistic structures, and those who want ________ are more likely to end up in an organic structure.
the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals
Leadership is best defined as ________.
congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led
Leadership requires ________.
True
Leadership requires goal compatibility between leaders and followers, whereas power just requires dependence.
team
Lotus Inc. is attempting to flatten its organizational hierarchy. It is encouraging the use of cross-hierarchical teams, participative decision-making practices, and the use of 360-degree performance appraisals. Based on this information we can say that Lotus Inc. is attempting to create a ________ organization.
ingroup favoritism
Low-status groups, perhaps in response to discrimination, are likely to leverage ________ to compete for higher status.
False
Personal power is based on an individual's position in an organization. It can come from the ability to coerce or reward, or from formal authority.
selective perception
Receivers in communication see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background, and other personal characteristics. This is called ________.
rational persuasion
Sally finds out that her salary is lower than her peers. She discusses this with her boss, showing him how her performance has increased company revenues. As a result, she gets a substantial raise. Which of the following power tactics did she use?
social loafing
Since group results cannot be attributed to any single person, the relationship between an individual's input and the group's output is clouded and this increases the possibility of ________.
True
Some individuals engage in more politically oriented behaviors simply because they are good at it.
members of teams have a specific task-related purpose, while groups do not
Teams differ from groups because ________.
simple structure
The ________ is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization.
False
The advantages of written communication are speed and feedback.
True
The attribution theory of leadership says leadership is merely an attribution people make about other individuals.
True
The chain of command is an unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom.
unassertive and cooperative
The conflict-handling intention of accommodating is ________.
one party attempts to satisfy his or her own concerns
The conflict-handling techniques are characterized by two dimensions, cooperativeness and assertiveness. Assertiveness indicates the degree to which ________.
one party attempts to satisfy the other party's concerns
The conflict-handling techniques are characterized by two dimensions, cooperativeness and assertiveness. Cooperativeness indicates the degree to which ________.
reference
The important groups to which an individual belongs or hopes to belong are known as the ________ groups.
aggressiveness
The key characteristic of organizational culture that addresses the degree to which people are competitive rather than easygoing is termed ________.
False
The matrix structure reduces the possibility of power struggles.
higher is the degree of decentralization
The more the lower-level personnel provide input or are actually given the discretion to make decisions, the ________ within that organization.
groupthink
The phenomenon of ________ describes situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views.
personality of team members
The team effectiveness model classifies the key components of effective teams into three general categories; context, composition, and process. Which of the following variables belongs to the composition category?
bargaining
The terms negotiation and ________ are used interchangeably.
distributive and integrative
The two general approaches to bargaining are known as ________ bargaining.
personal and formal
The two general groupings of power are ________.
its founders
The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________.
core values
The values that convey an organization's culture and are widely accepted throughout the organization are known as ________.
Informational
The video on French & Raven's power bases indicated a 6th base of power not reflected in your book or powerpoints which is:
age
Which of the following is not an individual factor that influences the effectiveness of a negotiator?
tailoring the message
Which of the following is not one of the characteristics that determines whether or not someone uses controlled processing?
perform more effectively
Those who believe they will be more successful in negotiation situations tend to ________.
False
Today's trend toward decentralized organizations makes it easier to establish a strong culture.
False
Transactional and transformational leadership are opposing approaches to getting things done.
Aggressiveness
Which of the following is not a means of transmitting culture within an organization?
instability
Volatility refers to the degree of ________ within an environment.
achieving the desired conflict level
What is the overall goal of conflict management?
compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another
When ________, the result is role conflict.
inertia
When a group stands still or becomes locked into a fixed course of action, it is referred to being in the period of ________.
wheel
When all communication is channeled through one central figure, a(n) ________ communication network exists.
process conflict
When your work group disagrees, the disagreements usually concern how the group's work should be accomplished. The type of conflict experienced by your group is ________.
coercive
Which of the five sources of power is most likely to negatively affect an employee's job satisfaction?
collaborating
Which of the following conflict-handling intentions involves attempting to find a win-win solution?
capacity
Which of the following dimensions of an environment describes the degree to which the environment can support growth?
zero-sum reward allocation practices
Which of the following factors encourages politicking?
one who serves the needs of others
Which of the following is a characteristic of a servant leader?
opposed interests
Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive bargaining?
Social Network Analysis
Which of the following is a tool to assess the exchange of resources and dependencies within an organization?
widely shared values
Which of the following is most likely to be the indicator of a strong organizational culture?
Typically, they are unlikely to be well thought-out.
Which of the following is not a drawback of written messages?
referent
Your immediate supervisor is a nice person. He helps you solve your problems and gives valuable advice. You admire your supervisor and aspire to become like him. The power that your supervisor possesses over you is known as ________ power.
group decision making is slower than individual decision making
Your organization has recently started using group decision making. You are most likely to observe that ________.
highly centralized
Your trainees are given a case study concerning a local manufacturing firm called Acme Products. In assessing Acme's organizational structure, your trainees notice that all of the company's decisions are made by top management, with little or no input from lower-level personnel. The trainees most likely identify Acme as a(n) ________ organization.
Upward
________ communication flows to a higher level in the group or organization.
Functional; dysfunctional
________ conflict supports the goals of the group while ________ conflict hinders group performance.
functional
________ conflicts support the goals of the group and improve its performance.
Conflict
________ is defined as a process that begins when one party perceives another party has or is about to negatively affect something the first party cares about.
Standardization
________ is the key concept that underlies all bureaucracies.
Politicking
________ occurs when people within organizations use whatever influence they can to taint the facts to support their goals and interests.
Sustainability
________ refers to practices that can be maintained over very long periods of time.
Centralization
________ refers to the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization.
Organizational demography
________ suggests that attributes such as age or the date of joining should help us predict turnover.