FINAL Praxis 5004 Prep
Communism
classless, stateless social organization
Which of the following regions is the vast
cold, dry region of eastern Russia?,Siberia
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race
color, or previous condition of servitude." Which of the following amendments to the Constitution contains this text? A.Thirteenth B.Fourteenth C.Fifteenth D.Nineteenth,C. Fifteenth The Fifteenth Amendment granted the right to vote to all male citizens.
Gender Role
consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group.
Julius Caesar
consul of rome during 1st center BCE became dictator
Greeks
contributed the alphabet that was derived from phoenicians, which formed the bases for the Roman alphabet attitude about sports and physically sound body led to olympics remembered for city-states
Introduction of new technologies
contributed to the growth of factory production in the U.S. during the early 1800s
Which of the following statements best describes gender role? A. Gender role is the sex group (male or female) to which the individual belongs. B. Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group. C. Gender role consists of actions taken by individuals to eliminate gender stereotypes. D. Gender role consists of fixed
culturally invariant expectations for each sex group.,B. Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group.
The process and time it takes a person to integrate into a new culture and feel comfortable within it. A person in this position may encounter a wide array of emotions that the theory describes in four different stages. This includes the honeymoon
culture shock, recovery, and adjustment stages.,Cultural Adaptation
I. lithosphere---landforms II. hydrosphere---water features III. biosphere---nature Of the above
which of the following is/are correctly matched?,I, II, and III
Functional region
defined by a common function (ex. telephone service)
Vernacular region
defined by people's perception (ex. the South)
between the prime meridian west to the international date line. Consist all North and South America
eastern part of Russia and part of Europe
16th Amendment
established income tax.
Marbury v. Madison
established judicial review
Japan's rise to power
establishing trade with the U.S., the arrival of Commodore Perry and industrial development.
Senate elections
every 6 years. 1/3 elected every two years
"The Conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution
expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added." (1789) Which of the following documents resolved the issue described by this excerpt?,The Bill of Rights
Which of the following is best related to the principle of popular sovereignty guaranteed by the US constitution?
"All political power is inherent in the people...and they have at all times an undeniable and indefeasible right to alter their form of government in such manner as they may think expedient."
During which battle did Paul Revere say
"The British are coming, The British are coming!"?,Battle of Lexington and Concord
Vertical climate characteristics
found in high mountain areas snow year round
Mount Blac
found in the Alps, Italy. highest mountain in Alps.
Opportunity Cost
gaining one item out of 2 by giving up the 2nd item.
19th Amendment
guaranteed women the right to vote.
Effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany at the end of WW1
had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a war guilt clause.
Legislative Branch
headed by congress. includes the house of representatives and the senate. make the laws. powers= passing laws, bills, impeachment, approving treaties.
Gibbons v. Ogden
held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the U.S. constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.
Subtropial climate characteristics
humid climate found north and south of the tropics
Tropic of Cancer
imaginary line of latitude 23 south of the equator.
Tropic of Capricorn
imaginary line of longitude 23 north of the equator.
Federalism
in the U.S. relationship between the state governments and the federal governments.
During the late nineteenth century
in which of the following ways did churches in the United States respond to the social problems resulting from the industrialism of the previous decades? A. They aligned themselves with and financed the political agendas of organized labor. B. They lobbied Congress to pass laws guaranteeing social security for all citizens. C. They subsidized efforts to build small homes for the working poor. D. They built and maintained mission schools, orphanages, and homes for the aged.,D. They built and maintained mission schools, orphanages, and homes for the aged.
During the late nineteenth century
in which of the following ways did churches in the United States respond to the social problems resulting from the industrialism of the previous decades?,They built and maintained mission schools, orphanages, and homes for the aged.
The correspondence between which of the following couples
in which the wife urged her husband, "Remember the ladies," is viewed by historians as an early illustration of the interest and activism of women in national policy? A. George and Martha Washington B. John and Abigail Adams C. James and Dolley Madison D. Andrew and Rachel Jackson,B. John and Abigail Adams
The correspondence between which couple
in which the wife urged her husband, "Remember the ladies," is viewed by historians as an early illustration of the interest and activism of women in national policy?,John and Abigail Adams
The correspondence between which of the following couples
in which the wife urged her husband, "Remember the ladies," is viewed by historians as an early illustration of the interest and activism of women in national policy?,John and Abigail Adams
The route along which the United States government forced several tribes of Native Americans
including the Cherokees, Seminoles, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Creeks, to migrate to reservations west of the Mississippi River in the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s.,Trail of Tears
Grid
intersection of parallels and meridians at right angles
Chinese
invented printing
Henry Ford
invented the assembly line.
Prime Meridian
is a line of longitude in a geographical coordinate system at which longitude is defined by 0 degrees.
Relief
is the variation of elevation from place to place.
Use of submarine warfare
led to the U.S. involvement in the 1st world war.
In the US
local governments normally use a significant amount of their resources to:,Provide elementary and secondary schools programs
The following narrative is from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
or Gustavus Vassa (1789). "I remember, in the vessel in which I was brought over, in the men's apartment, there were several brothers . . . sold in different lots
The following narrative is from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
or Gustavus Vassa (1789). "I remember, in the vessel in which I was brought over, in the men's apartment, there were several brothers . . . sold in different lots
Townshend Acts
placed taxes on the colonists
Presidential system
president elected by direct/indirect election
18th Amendment
prohibition
Elementary landform
smallest homogeneous division of land surface at a given scale/resolution ex. Relief units
As productions costs increase
so do consumer prices. What common economic situation is described in this example? -Depreciation -Appreciation -Inflation -Scarcity,Inflation
What is the Connecticut comprise?
# of House of Representatives is determined by the states population where everyone gets 2 senates
French and Indian War
(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
Vietnam War
(1964-73) Resulted in a military draft.
Laissez-faire
(French: "allow to do"), policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society.
Civil War
- Robert E. Lee's surrender at the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse, marked the end of the Civil War.
Prime Meridian
0 degree longitude and runs north and south through France and Africa
Taxation Acts of 1764-1774
1) Sugar Act: increased duties on non-British goods; 2) Currency Act: American colonies were prohibited from issuing their own currency; 3) Quartering Act: required colonies to provide shelter and supplies to British troops; 4) Stamp Act: direct tax on paper products for the colonies to raise money for Britain; 5) Townshend Acts: taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper and tea; 6) Tea Act: reduced tax on imported British tea for unfair selling advantage in America; 7) Coercive Acts: punished Massachusetts after Boston Tea Party with restrictions
Marshall Plan
12 billion to rebuild Western Europe and strength defenses
Revelationary War
1775-1783, also known as the American War for Independence, was a war between the Britain and the 13 colonies.
Declaration of Independence
1776
Articles of Confederation
1781
Gilded Age
1870s-1890; enormous wealth enjoyed by powerful families; control of major industries was held by robber barons (e.g. Carnegie- steel, Rockefeller- oil, Morgan- banking and Vanderbilt- steamboat)
What are the years of WW1? -1861-1865 -1885-1914 -1914-1918 -1949-1953
1914-1918
19th Amendment
1920: Women were given the right to vote
December 7
1941,Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
Truman Doctrine
1947: Harry S. Truman established that the US would provide: POLITICAL, MILITARY, and ECONOMIC assistance to ALL DEMOCRATIC NATIONS under threat from external and internal authorize force.
Length for a U.S. Senator
6 years
The Cold War was primarily
A. A nuclear arms race B. Technological competition C. Appeals to neutral nations
Which of the following countries received its independence from Great Britain in 1947? A.India B.Argentina C.The Philippines D.Peru
A. India India was a colony of Great Britain and received its independence in 1947.
The Great Depression
A.Income difference between classes B. Large debt increases C. The decline of agriculture *cost of goods decreased because of overproduction and under consumptionpassed
Which of the following best describes the prime meridian? A.Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres B.Line of latitude that divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres C.Longitude line that demarcates the change of the calendar day D.Line of latitude that marks the most northerly point on a map
A.Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres
Which of the following actions would a government most likely take to encourage economic growth? A.Lowering interest rates B.Raising income taxes C.Increasing federal regulations D.Decreasing federal spending
A.Lowering interest rates
Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution was used to justify segregation? A.Tenth B.Sixth C.Fifth D.Third
A.Tenth
"Remember the Ladies"
Abigail Adams letter to John Adams who was serving as Massachusetts representative to the Continental Congress.
Lend-Lease Program
Act of 1941 that permitted the US to led or lease arms and other supplies to the Allies, signifying an increasing likelihood of American involvement in WWII President FDR
Bill of Rights
Added to Constitution in 1791; 10 statements of the fundamental rights/freedoms of United States citizens; 27 amendments to the federal Constitution
Which of the following actions would be taken by the Federal Reserve?
Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation
Which of the following actions would be taken by the Federal Reserve? • Printing money to introduce into circulation • Restricting the buying and selling of stocks on Wall Street • Creating a national budget to present to Congress • Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation
Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation.
Why were Northerners in Congress opposed to the admission of Texas as a state?
Admission would disrupt the balance between free and slave states.
18th Amendment
Alcohol illegal
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
Allowed slave owners to go into free states to retrieve their escaped slaves.
Rivers in South America
Amazon
John Adams
Americas first Vice President and Second President
Structural unemployment
An absence of demand for a certain type of worker. This happens when there are mismatches between the skills employers want and the skills workers have
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
An act under Theodore Roosevelt that banned formations that would restrict trade and not distinguish between bad and good trusts. The act was a hamper on worker unions, but it showed that the government was slowly moving away from laissez faire ideals.
What is the USA Patriot act?
An anti-terrorism law where government has the right to tap into any electronic device
Island
An area of land which is completely surrounded by water
Which of the following developments prompted the United States Congress to pass the USA PATRIOT Act?
An attack by terrorists in 2001
Capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership of capital
Command Economy
An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.
Which of the following is correct based on the law of supply? • A decrease in the demand of a product will result in an increase in supply. • An increase in the demand for one product leads to a fall in the demand for another. • A decrease in the value of a currency will cause the value of another currency to decline. • An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply.
An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply.
Which of the following describes a physical characteristic that a developer would use when planning a residential community?
Analyzing the proximity to flood zones
Which of the following describes a physical characteristic that a developer would use when planning a residential community? • Evaluating the quality of local schools • Assessing the median income of the surrounding communities • Calculating the potential growth of neighboring businesses • Analyzing the proximity to flood zones
Analyzing the proximity to flood zones
Rome
Ancient civilization lasted 1000 years government served as a model for modern government
Mountain range in South America
Andes
Michelangelo and Raphael
Artists
Continents (Largest to Smallest)
Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia
What was NOT a result of WW1?
Austria-Hungry split
The Ring of Fire region is best known for which of the following characteristics? A.Slash-and-burn agriculture B.High levels of seismic activity C.Severe drought conditions D.High number of wildfires
B. High levels of seismic activity The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
Which of the following issues did the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 resolve? A. How to determine the number of senators granted each state in the Congress B. How to account for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government C. How to determine federal compensation to states that forfeited western land claims D. How to determine how the revenue from tariffs on imported goods would be distributed between the federal government and the states
B. How to account for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government
Which of the following colonies was established as a haven for English Catholics? A. Massachusetts B. Maryland C. South Carolina D. New Hampshire
B. Maryland
Which resource would be most useful to a researcher who is studying the significance of the Suez Canal
the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar?,A map of the countries located between the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea
Which of the following officials is the chief executive at the state level of government? A.Ambassador B.Governor C.Senator D.Mayor
B.Governor
Which TWO of the following locations are the best examples of how human interaction can affect the environment? A.The Grand Canyon B.The Hoover Dam C.Niagara Falls D.Grand Teton E.Mount Rushmore
B.The Hoover Dam E.Mount Rushmore
Polytheistic
Belief in many gods
Which of the following individuals helped end the system of apartheid in South Africa? A.Mohandas Gandhi B.Mother Teresa C.Nelson Mandela D.The Dalai Lama
C. Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was the first black president of South Africa. He was elected after the system of apartheid was abolished.
-Rich soil -Abundant fishing grounds -Access to freshwater Which of the following actions by European colonists was most affected by these factors? A.Creation of new maps B.Trading with Native Americans C.Founding of settlements D.Development of plantations
C.Founding of settlements
Executive Branch
Carries out laws, can veto a law
Egyptians
Created paper from papyrus
Which of the following is a responsibility of a citizen of the United States? A. Participating in a protest B. Starting a business C. Attending a university D. Volunteering in a community
D. Volunteering in a community
Sixteenth-century European explorers sought to discover alternative trade routes to which of the following? A.Australia B.North Africa C.South America D.Asia
D.Asia
An agricultural town experiences a drought and is not able to produce as many crops as it typically does. As a result
the farmers are unable to provide grocery stores the amount of products they had promised. Which of the following economic situations does the scenario create?,Scarcity
When was the Boston Tea Party?
December 16, 1774
Which of the following ancient civilizations used hieroglyphics as a way to communicate?
Egypt
What is the Rosetta Stone?
Egyptian artifact that helps provide translations for hieroglyphics
Hills
Elevated landforms rising to an elevation of about five hundred to two thousand feet
Who was the first woman to contribute to women's right to vote?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
The US government and the state governments share responsibilities of ____________.
Establishing courts
Why did George Washington warn against the creation of factions?
Factions caused jealousies, false alarms, and could cause damage
Mesa
Flat top of hill Flat top of mountain Usually has steep sides Similar to plateau but smaller
15th Amendment
Illegal to deny individuals the right to vote on the grounds of race.
19th Amendment
In 1920, states that "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied. . . on account of sex." Women can vote!
What was a major effect of the New Deal in the United States?
Increased federal government spending
Drip irrigation
Is a way to conserve water
When was the Declaration of Independence signed?
July 4, 1776
10th Amendment
Limits the powers of the federal government to those designated in the constitution
Black Tuesday
Oct 19 1929 the day the stock market crashed
Command economy
One that is less likely than other economic systems to have problems related to scarcity
13th amendment
Outlawed Slavery
Who was a colonial leader?
Patrick Henry
United States Constitution
Ratified in 1788
New Deal
Roosevelt's policies were adopted to wide success and marked an important shift in the role of US government plays in economic matters and social welfare
Fred Scott Case
Slaves were not US citizens
The Civil War
Some states were for slavery while others were n0t
Which of the following European nations was the first to colonize the southwestern United States?
Spain
Which of the following European nations was the first to colonize the southwestern United States? • Spain • Portugal • France • England
Spain
Cause of the American Revolutionary War
Taxation without representation
- Boston Tea Party - Boston Massacre - Intolerable Acts The actions listed contributed to which of the following events?
The American Revolution
Which of the following events of the American Revolution occurred last?
The Battle of Yorktown
Which of the following actions contained a controversial fugitive slave provision?
The Compromise of 1850
Seven Years War
The French and Indian War from 1754-1763
Which event had the greatest impact on the size of the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase
In 1932
The Pecora Commission was established by the U.S. Senate to study the causes of what?,The Stock Market Crash
The destruction of the USSU S S Maine led to the start of which event?
The Spanish-American War
Central Traits
The constant elements of personality and they are found in all human
Great Depression
The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s The New Deal created by FDR
Monarchy
The nation is ruled by a king or queen
2nd amendment
The right to own guns
What advantage did the South have over the North durning the Civil War?
They had more experienced generals to lead their troops.
Which of the following statements describes an advantage the South had over the North during the Civil War?
They had more experienced generals to lead their troops.
Aztecs
They settled in the valley of Mexico
Manifest Destiny
This was a popular belief during the 1840's that it was the right ad duty of the United States to expand westward to the Pacific. The idea became a slogan for the flood settlers and expansionist power grabs.
First Continental Congress
This was held in 1774 to list grievances and develop a response, including boycotts. All colonies attended except Georgia
Democratic-Republicans
Thomas Jefferson
Indian who befriended the pilgrims at Plymouth?
Tisquantum AKA Squanto
What best describes why a democratic government regulates the economy?
To ensure financial stability
Which of the following describes the primary purpose of cross-cultural comparisons? • To determine which culture is superior • To establish the land rights of a cultural group • To identify traits shared between cultures • To predict cultural migration patterns
To identify traits shared between cultures
Which of the following describes the primary reason for the establishment of time zones in the United States?
To improve the efficiency of transportation
The US constitution guarantees the right to a writ of habeas corpus. The main reason for this was to
To prevent the illegal imprisonment of individual in the US
Which of the following is considered a right of United States citizenship?
To worship freely
Which of the following countries is known as the breadbasket of Europe?
Ukraine
Alexander
Unified greece Conquered greece
Gulf Stream
Warm ocean current that flows to the western North Atlantic, traveling from Florida along America coastline to splitting into the North Atlantic drift to north Europe
Great Wall of China...
Was built to protect invaders of the North
King Henry VIII
Was denied a divorcee by the pope, so he broke away and established the Angelican Church.
Maryland
Was established by Lord Baltimore in 1632 in hopes of providing refuge for English Catholics.
Supply
What sellers produce
Abigail Adams
Wrote remember the ladies
Market
the mechanism that brings buyers and sellers in contact with each other so they can buy and sell. Markets exist in both the input and output sides of the economy. Output markets refer to the markets in which goods and services are sold. Markets function on the basis of supply and demand.
The US senate and the house of representatives has passed a legislation. However
the president vetoes the legislation. Under what requirement can the legislation still become a law?,At least two-thirds of both houses of congress agree
Federalism
a system of gov't in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political unit.
Gentrification
the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class. this resulted in displacement of lower income people.
Federal Government
action performed to establish trade agreements with other nations.
Which of the following accurately compares two ancient civilizations? • The Egyptians and Aztecs both practiced monotheistic religions. • The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform
and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics. • The Phoenicians traded mostly by land routes, and the Chinese traded mostly by sea routes. • The Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations lacked reliable sources of water.,The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics.
Commodore Perry
and the opening of trade with the United States and other countries was one of the greatest factors in the industrial development of Japan in the late 19th century
Formal region
area defined by actual boundaries
Effects of high tariffs on an economy
they benefit some groups at the expense of others.
therefore
they had no legal right to sue in federal courts.
City State
basis of Mesopotamian government. a small area surrounding a larger more developed city. Indicator to why Mesopotamia never developed a solid form of government.
Religions that influenced ancient Chinese society
buddhism, confucianism, & taoism
"The president...shall have power
by and with the advice and consent of the senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the senators concurs." --US constitution, Article II, Section 2 The excerpt above provides an example of which constitutional principal?,Checks and balances
Indian Ocean
touches africa, asia, and australia
Longitude
vertical mapping lines on earth are known as meridians.
The Space Race
was a 20th c. competition between the Soviet Union and the U.S. for supremacy in spaceflight capability.
John Locke
was an english philosopher and leader of the enlightenment age.
Alexander Hamilton
was most closely associated with being a Federalist.
World War II
(1939 - 1945) A war fought in Europe, Africa and Asia between the Allied Powers of Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States against the Axis Powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan. this began when Germany invaded Poland in 1934
Truman Doctrine
(1947) was a policy designed to protect free people's everywhere against oppression.
What are the responsibilities of the Judicial Branch?
- Decides if the law is constitutional - Appointed by the President - 9 Justices - Overturn rulings by other judges
What are the responsibilities of the Legislative Branch?
- Makes Laws - Approves Presidential Appointments - 2 Senators from each state
What are the responsibilities of the Executive Branch?
- Signing proposed bills into law - Pardons People - Appoints federal judges - Elected every 4 years
Articles of Confederation
-1st constitution (agreed on by the 13 original states[colonies]) - ratified 3/1/1781 -weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade - replaced by the current US n on 3/4/1789
The Roles of the President of the United States
-Being able to veto, or reject, a proposal for a law -Appoint federal posts, such as members of government agencies -Negotiate foreign treaties with other countries -Appoint federal judges -Grant pardons, or forgiveness, for a crime
United States Constitution
-Created September 17, 1787 -Ratified 1788 - Continental Congress made a constitution after Articles of Confederation failed
Eighth Amendment
-Excessive bail shall not be required, -excessive fines imposed -cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Which best explains the American response to Hilters' reactions against the Jews in the first years of WW2? -Interventionist strategist -Isolationist policies -Diplomatic intervention -Military strike
-Isolationist policies
Seventh Amendment
-Right to a trial by jury in civil cases over $20 - prohibits judges from overruling findings of fact by juries in federal civil trials
Second Continental Congress
-delegates from the Thirteen Colonies - meeting from 1775-1781 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. -managed the Colonial war effort -moved incrementally towards independence - Agreed on The of Independence (7/4/1776)
Which of the following can be determined from the map on the back? A. Australia contains both hyperarid and arid regions. B. Northern Africa's climate is primarily arid. C. South Africa's climate is primarily arid and semiarid. D. Eastern South America's climate is primarily semiarid.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. South Africa's climate is primarily arid and semiarid.
Which of the following views of the globe includes the region in which Japan is located? **picture on back of card**
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANSWER: C
Equator
0 degrees Latitude (2 equal halves - Northern/Southern hemispheres with areas on the sides Western and Eastern)
Prime Meridian
0 degrees Longitude; starting point for measuring distance
over 4
000 died out of 16,000
Time Zones
1 hour
Turning Points of American Revolution
1) Actions of Second Continental Congress: established Continental Army led by George Washington 2) "Common Sense": written by Thomas Paine in 1776; called for independence 3) Alliance with France: 1778; Benjamin Franklin negotiated an agreement with France to fight with the Americans 4) Treaty of Paris: 1782; signaled the end of the war; granted colonies independence and gave them territorial rights
Types of Maps
1) Base Maps: created from aerial and field surveys 2) Topographic Maps: show the natural and human-made surface features of the Earth (e.g. mountain elevations, river courses, roads, names of lakes and towns, county and state lines) 3) Topological Maps: lines are stretched or straightened to show routes of a subway system 4) Thematic Maps: show data based on a theme such as population density, wildlife distribution, hill-slope stability and economic trends 5) Physical Maps: shows natural features (e.g. mountains, rivers, lakes, deserts, plains) 6) Political Maps: uses lines for state, county and country boundaries; points/dots/symbols for landmarks
Reasons for American Revolution
1) British control was overbearing and made American colonies feel inferior 2) Anglican Church potentially expanded their power over colonies limiting religious freedom 3) Taxation 4) Colonies had no official representation in English Parliament 5) British attempts to block Westward expansion
1960s
1) Cuban Missile Crisis: 1961; stand-off between the United States and the Soviet Union over a build-up of missiles in Cuba; nuclear war was averted when Soviets stopped shipments 2) Assassinations of President Kennedy (1963) and MLK Jr (1968) 3) Civil Rights Movement: 1960s; social movements to end racial segregation and discrimination that drew attention to the plight of African Americans 4) Vietnam War: 1964-1973; resulted in the military draft; heavy involvement of American personnel and money 5) Major Legislation: Civil Rights Act, the Clean Air Act, Water Quality Act, Medicare, War on Poverty
Forms of Government
1) Feudalism: rule of local lords who are loyal to the king and control the lives and production of those who work on their land 2) Republic: representative democracy; elected leaders 3) Absolute Monarchy: King or Queen 4) Authoritarianism: individual or group has unlimited authority 5) Dictatorship: those in power are not held responsible to the people 6) Autocracy: rule by 1 person who uses power tyrannically 7) Oligarchy: self-appointed elite rulers 8) Liberal Democracy: government based on consent of the people that protects individual rights and freedoms 9) Totalitarianism: citizens' lives controlled by the government
French Explorers
1) Giovanni da Verrazano and Jacques Cartier: explored North America coast and St. Lawrence Seaway 2) Samuel de Champlain: founded Quebec and set up a fur empire; explored Rhode Island and Massachusetts 3) Jacques Marquette: Jesuit missionary that traveled the Mississippi 4) Rene-Robert de la Salle: explored the Great Lakes and claimed lands for France
Climates
1) Humid Continental: four seasons; cold winter, hot summer; sufficient rainfalls 2) Prairie Climates: in steppe regions; dry flatlands 3) Subtropical Climates: humidity in the tropical areas; moisture produces long summers and mild winters 4) Marine Climate: near or surrounded by water; warm oceans bring moisture, mild temperatures and plentiful rain
Spanish Explorers
1) Juan Ponce de Leon: 1st European in Florida; established a settlement in Puerto Rico; discovered the Gulf Stream 2) Alonso Alvarez de Pineda: chartered the Gulf Coast from Florida to Mexico 3) Francisco Vasquez de Coronado: became the 1st European to explore several states
Themes of Geography
1) Location: relative and absolute 2) Place: physical characteristics and human characteristics 3) Human-Environmental Interaction: human adaptation/modification/dependence to the environment 4) Movement: interaction through trade, migration, communications, political boundaries, ideas and fashions 5) Regions: formal (e.g. cities, states, countries), functional (e.g. common connection) and vernacular (e.g. divisions based on perceptions/mental images)
Economies
1) Market: producers make decisions about methods and distribution on their own; consumers ultimately affect decisions by choosing whether or not to buy certain goods/services; US has a) Economic Freedom, Economic Incentives, Competition, Private Ownership, Limited Government 2) Command: government controls what and how much is produced, methods for production and distribution of goods and services
Early Empires - Who?
1) Mesopotamia: short-term empires that failed due to oppression of subject peoples 2) Egypt: series of governments 3) Greece: started as a group of city states united by Alexander the Great; joined to create an empire that stretched from the Indus River to Egypt and the Mediterranean coast; Hellenistic society 4) Rome: 1,000 years; became foundation of the Western world's culture, language and laws 5) Chinese: dynasties; culture values history, philosophy and common religion 6) India: caste system and guilds
Powers of Government
1) National: coin money, regulate trade, raise forces, declare war, conduct foreign relations 2) Concurrent: levy and collect taxes, borrow money, establish courts, set punishments 3) State: regulate trade and business in a state, establish public schools, pass license requirements for professionals, establish local governments
Basic Principles of the Constitution
1) Popular Sovereignty: people establish government and give power to it; government functions only with consent of the people 2) Limited Government: specifies limits on government authority 3) Separation of Powers: power is divided among 3 government branches 4) Checks and Balances: ensures each branch has the authority and ability to restrain the powers of the other 2 branches to prevent tyranny 5) Judicial Review: established by Marbury v. Madison; the judiciary may evaluate actions/powers of legislature and executive to ensure they are abiding by the Constitution; if unconstitutional the judicial branch can nullify 6) Federalism: division of power between the central government and local governments to limit the power of the Federal government and allows states to deal with local problems
Events Leading up to American Revolution
1) Sons of Liberty: Samuel Adams led protest group 2) Boston Massacre: 1770; soldiers fired on a crowd 3) Committees of Correspondence: set up through colonies to spread revolutionary ideas 4) The Boston Tea Party: 1773; Sons of Liberty dumped tea into the Boston Harbor from a British ship to protest tax 5) First Continental Congress: 1774; colonies list grievances and develop a plan to boycott 6) The Shot Heard Round the World: 1775; fight ensued between English soldiers and colonial militia (Minutemen)
Early Empires Characteristics
1) Strong Military 2) Centralized Government 3) Control/Standardization of Commerce, Money and Taxes 4) A weight system 5) An official language
Bill of Rights
1. freedom of speech, religion, and press 2. right to bear arms 3. no quartering 4. cannot enter home w/o warrant 5/6/7/. rights of those who are trialed 8. no cruel and unusual punishment 9. cannot be used to depride people of their rights 10. All powers not given to government is given to state
Magna Carta
1215; charter of political rights to rebellious English barons from King John
Most Important Amendments
13th: Abolished slavery 14th: Cannot deny citizens of rights 15th: Gave the right to vote for citizens 18+ 16th: Established the income tax 17th: Direct Elections by the people 18th: Prohibition (no booze) 19th: women the right to vote 21st: Prohibition repealed
Colonization of Virginia
1585; Sir Walter Raleigh landed on Roanoke Island and named the mainland Virginia; 1st permanent settlement was made by Captain John Smith in 1607; Virginia Company and Chesapeake Bay Company helped in colonizing
Colonization of Pennsylvania
1681; William Penn received royal charter for establishment of Pennsylvania as a colony for Quakers
Great Awakening
1725-1770; religious revivals of Protestants in colonies
Seven Year War
1756-1763 the French and Indian Wat
The following excerpt was written on July 4
1776. "When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another . . . " Which of the following individuals was the author of this document? A.Patrick Henry B.James Madison C.Thomas Jefferson D.George Washington,C.Thomas Jefferson
The following excerpt was written on July 4
1776. "When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another . . . " Which of the following individuals was the author of this document?,Thomas Jefferson
The following excerpt was written on July 4
1776. "When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another . . . " Which of the following individuals was the author of this document? • Patrick Henry • James Madison • Thomas Jefferson • George Washington,Thomas Jefferson
Articles of Confederation
1777; the nation's first constitution designed to protect the states' rights over the national government
Federalist Papers
1787-88; Written by James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton
The following excerpt is a portion of a letter from George Washington to Henry Knox in February
1787. "If three years ago, any person had of told me that at this day, I should see such a formidable rebellion against the laws and constitutions of our own making as now appears, I should have thought him a bedlamite (insane person)—fit subject for a madhouse..." Which of the following rebellions is discussed in this excerpt? A.Shays' Rebellion B.Nat Turner's Rebellion C.The Whiskey Rebellion D.Stono Rebellion,A.Shays' Rebellion
The following excerpt is a portion of a letter from George Washington to Henry Knox in February
1787. "If three years ago, any person had of told me that at this day, I should see such a formidable rebellion against the laws and constitutions of our own making as now appears, I should have thought him a bedlamite (insane person)—fit subject for a madhouse..." Which of the rebellions is discussed in this excerpt?,Shays' Rebellion
The following excerpt is a portion of a letter from George Washington to Henry Knox in February
1787. "If three years ago, any person had of told me that at this day, I should see such a formidable rebellion against the laws and constitutions of our own making as now appears, I should have thought him a bedlamite (insane person)—fit subject for a madhouse..." Which of the following rebellions is discussed in this excerpt? • Shays' Rebellion • Nat Turner's Rebellion • The Whiskey Rebellion • Stono Rebellion,Shays' Rebellion
Constitutional Convention of 1787 and the Three-Fifths Compromise
1787: Offered by James Madison determining a states representation in the US House of Representatives. The issue of how to count slaves split delegates into 2 groups. Northerners regarded slaves as property, Southerners demanded Blacks be counted w/ whites. Three-Fifths Compromise Allowed a state to count 3/5 of each black person in determining political representation in the house.
US Constitution
1789; created the 3 branches with checks and balances and a bicameral legislature for equal representation; Federalists v. Anti-Federalists
During which election did political parties first play a role?
1796
Why did people migrate to California?
1800s: Gold Rush
When was the Louisiana Purchase?
1803
Louisiana Purchase
1803; under the presidency of Thomas Jefferson; Reasons for Purchase: to gain port in New Orleans, remove French threat with trade along Mississippi River and double territory belonging to the United States; brought into question the use of Federal power/constitutionality; Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the lands
The National Road
1811, the federal government funded construction aimed to help western expansion.
Mexican Revolution
1812-1823; fought for independence from Spain and for social justice
Missouri Compromise
1820, there were an equal amount of slave states to free states and there was an imminent power imbalance when Missouri petitioned to become a slave state; The Solution: Maine was brought in as a free state and the southern border of Missouri was set as the Northernmost line of any slave territory; Western states could come in as free states
Indian Removal Act
1830; took natives out of territories that whites wanted to settle; Trail of Tears removed Cherokees from Georgia and relocated them to Oklahoma
Whig Party
1833-1856; started in opposition to Jackson's authoritarian policies; concerned with depending the supremacy of Congress over the executive branch, states' rights, economic protectionism and modernization; 4 presidents: William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, John Tyler and Millard Fillmore; split over slavery caused the party to dissolve
Trail of Tears
1838 as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act. the Cherokee nation was forced to give up their lands east of the Mississippi River & migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma.
Manifest Destiny
1840s; popular belief that it was the right and duty of the United States to expand Westward to the Pacific
Mexican American War
1846 - 1848 - President Polk declared war on Mexico over the dispute of land in Texas. At the end, American ended up with 55% of Mexico's land.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854; repealed the Missouri Compromise to allow the lands from the Louisiana Purchase to settle the slavery issue by popular sovereignty; enraged Northerners began the Republican party
Dred Scott Decision
1857 Supreme Court Case that ruled Congress had no authority to exclude slavery from the territories; upheld property rights over human rights
Dred Scott V. Sanford
1857: Supreme Court decision that blacks could not be US citizens.
The American Civil War
1861-1865; war fought between the North (the Union) and the South (the Confederacy); fought on the grounds of slavery and states' rights; Gettysburg Address made by Lincoln united the nation
The Reconstruction Era
1865-1877; South was under strict control of the U.S. government; terminated state governments of the former confederacy; amendments were made to rectify the problems caused by slavery 1) 13th Amendment: slavery is illegal 2) 14th Amendment: made all persons born/naturalized in the country US citizens and states couldn't interfere with civil rights 3) 15th Amendment: made it illegal to deny individuals the right to vote on grounds of race
American Progressive Era
1890s-1920s; social movement to reform American society/order and increase trade with foreign markets 1) Hepburn Act: 1906; ICC 2) Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906; protect consumers from fraudulent labeling 3) Forest Service: 1898-1910; conservation methods and efficient use of resources 4) Federal Reserve System: 1913; supervise banking/commerce 5) Fair Trade Commission: 1914; established to ensure fair competition
World War I
1914-1918; fought by the Allies: Britain, France, Russia, Greece, Italy, Romania and Serbia against the Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey; United States joined the Allies in 1917 after years of neutrality; sinking of the Lusitania caused the US to join
Great Migration
1914-1945 mass movement of African Americans form the south to the north
Fourteen Points Speech
1918; Woodrow Wilson; outlined plans for peace and the League of Nations
Dust Bowl
1930s; Inadequate conservation techniques caused topsoil to be blown away in great dust storms; deaths from blackened skies that led to lung disease and failed crops
What are the years of WW2 -1949-1953 -1939-1945 1950-1965 -1947-1956
1939-1945
World War II
1939-1945; Allies v Axis powers; fought on every continent; Pearl Harbor attacks in 1941 by Japan caused the US to join war efforts on the Allies side "a day that would live in infamy"; women worked in the factories while men entered the military so great manufacturer of goods/munitions for the war effort; rationing and war bonds; production brought an end to the economic depression
Brown V. Board of Education Topeka
1954: Unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment The decision did not succeed in fully desegregation public education.
Brown v Board of Education
1954; segregation was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause; "separate but equal" practice was unconstitutional in education; overturned the 1896 Plessy v Ferguson ruling that permitted segregation if facilities were equal
Miranda v Arizona
1966; made the reading of the Miranda rights to those arrested for crimes the law; ensured confessions could not be illegally obtained and that citizens rights to fair trials and protection under the law would be upheld
Which amendments to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote?
19th Amendment
Articles of Confederation
1st Constitution of the United States: November 15, 1777 (ratification did not occur until March 1, 1781). Documents was limited because states held most of the power and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate, or control coinage. Signed by 13 Original Colonies.
House of Burgess
1st legislative assembly in American colonies
Whiskey Rebellion
1st test of the U.S. government's authority to enforce federal laws.
Indus River Valley
1st urban civilization
Mayflower Compact
1st written framework of government for United States created by English colonist aboard the Mayflower Ship
Lexington and Concord
2 sites at which the first military engagement of the Revolutionary War took place.
Passing an Amendment
2/3 of the house and senate approve of the proposal- send it to the state for a vote- 3/4 of the states must affirm the proposed amendments.
Tropic of Cancer
23.5 degrees North of equator
Tropic of Cancer
23.5 degrees North of the equator
Tropic of Capricorn
23.5 degrees South of the equator
Theodore Roosevelt
26th President of the US; known for: creating Progressive party, Conservationism, Trust-Busting, Hepburn Act, Safe Food Regulations, "Square Deal" and Panama Canal
Woodrow Wilson
28th President of the US; known for: World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage, Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations
What percent of earth is land?
30%
Calvin Coolidge
30th President of the US after taking over for Harding; nickname "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken; true Republican and Industrialist; believed in government supporting Big Business and a rigid economy
Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd President of the US; only president that served more than 2 terms in office; central figure in economic crisis and World War II; New Deal
Thomas Jefferson
3rd United States President
First Amendment
5 freedoms: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition - prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion -abridging the freedom of speech - infringing on the freedom of the press, -interfering with the right to peaceably assemble -prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances
Middle Ages/Medieval Times
500-1500 AD; Key Events: 1) Roman Catholicism 2) Knights with systems of honor, combat and chivalry 3) Universities 4) The Crusades - recurring wars between European Christians and Middle East Muslims over the Holy Lands 5) Charles the Great AKA Charlemagne who created an empire across France and Germany in 800 AD 6) Black Death/Plague (1347-1350)
What is the length of a term for a US senator?
6 years
Valley of kings
60 Royal tombs for pharaohs
Arctic Circle
66.5 degrees North of the equator
Antarctic Circle
66.5 degrees South of the equator
Arctic Circle
66.5 degrees north latitude
Antarctic Circle
66.5 degrees south latitude
What percent of earth is water?
70%
How many states were required to ratify the Constitution?
9
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
A 1949 defense alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations Militarily link US and Western Europe so an attack on one was an attack on all.
Incas
A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America, Peru
Marshal Plan
A US program to support Western Europe in rebuilding European economies after the end of WWII
Fascism
A belief as well as a political system opposed ideologically to Communism though similar in basic structure with a one party state and centralized political control
Opportunity Cost
A benefit, profit, or value of something that must be given up to acquire or achieve something else
Uncle Tom's Cabin
A book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that contributed to the Civil War; showed Northerners and the rest of the world the horrors of slavery while the South saw it as an exaggeration
Amendment
A change or addition to the U S Constitution
Egyptians
A civilization around 3000 B.C They lived in areas around the lower part of the Nile river They grew surplus crops Developed their own writing system Farmed minerals A vast trading network They had a military They had an effective system of medicine They are most famously known for their pyramids, which were burial sites for Pharos. Peasants would work on them in trade for food and shelter.
Sumerians
A civilization between 4000 and 1500 B.C. Developed Cuneiform, a writing system that used pictures and symbols They lived in mud brick buildings within farming communities First civilization known to use the wheel They traded widely They had many tools, pottery and wooden furniture They had an advanced military
Federalist Papers
A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to promote the ratification of the US Constitution. First published between October 1787 and April 1788
Cold War
A conflict that was between the US and Soviet Union. Nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years. Both afraid of Nuclear Weapons.
Cold war
A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years
Cold War
A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.
Fifth Amendment
A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.
Inflation
A continuous rise in the price of goods and services
Spatial Organization
A description of how things are grouped in a given space
Teapot Dome Scandal
A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921
Geomorphological unit
A landform is a landscape feature. The include hills, plateaus, mountains, deserts, deltas, canyons, etc.
Grassland
A large area of land covered with grasses
Desert
A large dry barren region
Sir Thomas More
A lawyer and author who wrote Utopia
Napoleonic Code
A legal framework for France
Hinduism
A major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic.
Islam
A major world religions that is monotheistic
Sumerians
A member of the indigenous non-Semitic people of ancient Babylonia Earliest Mesopotamian society Known for creating the wheel and the world's first writing system (cuneiform)
Great Smokey Mountains
A mountain range rising along the Tennessee-North Carolina border in the southeastern United States. They are a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains
Ural Mountains
A mountain range that separates Europe from Asia
Westward Expansion
A movement westward for jobs, land, hope, the gold rush, adventure, a new beginning and the transcontinental railroad. It lasted from 1850 - 1890.
The Silk Road
A network of trade routes that stretched for more than four thousand miles across Asia Linked China with Europe
Common Sense
A pamphlet published by Thomas Paine in 1776, called for independence
What is the United Nations?
A peacekeeping organization Started after WW2
Which of the following significantly contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire?
A period of excessive disorder and a weak national government
Open Door Policy
A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.
Socialism
A political belief and system in which the state takes a guiding role in the national economy and provides extensive social services to its populations
Anarchism
A political movement believing in the elimination of all government and its replacement by a cooperative community of individuals
closed primary
A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote
Reformation
A religious movement that produced a new form of Christianity known as Protestantism
William Shakespeare
A renowned poet and playwright.
Which of the following scenarios would most directly increase a nation's gross domestic product?
A rise in the price of exported goods
Which of the following scenarios would most directly increase a nation's gross domestic product? • A rise in unemployment rates • A rapid growth in population • A rise in the price of exported goods • A decision to implement economic sanctions
A rise in the price of exported goods
Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
Monroe Doctrine
A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the US or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. President James Monroe's statement forbidding future colonization in America and declaring that any attempt would be an act of hostility
Presidential System
A system of government with a legislature involving few or many political parties with no division between head of state and head of government
Parliamentary System
A system of government with a legislature usually involving a multiplicity of political parties and often coalition politics
Silk road
A system of trade routes establish during the Han Dynasty that stretched from. China through India to Egypt
Industrialization
A time of enormous business growth and exploitation of natural resources for new inventions during the mid-1800s 1) Railroad Expansion: Transcontinental Railroad stretched over 35,000 miles 2) Gold and Silver Mining: Prospectors came to the West 3) Cattle Ranching: established the "Bread Basket" in the High Plains Began in England with new inventions and factories; steel industry grew rapidly; steam engine revolutionized transportation and work power; factory-based/technologic era resulted; society went from agrarian to urban with poor working conditions and overcrowded/polluted cities
Which of the following maps would most likely be used in distinguishing cultural regions?
A world map of languages
Which of the following maps would most likely be used in distinguishing cultural regions? • A world map of languages • A North American topographical map • A world map of natural resources • A precipitation map of Europe
A world map of languages
The Truman Doctrine justified which of the following United States policies? A. Aiding Greece and Turkey after the Second World War B. Participating in the United Nations C. Selling of arms to Iran D. Intervening in Nicaragua
A. Aiding Greece and Turkey after the Second World War
Industrial Revolution Resulted in
A. Development of new weaving and ironworking techniques B. Vast expansion and improvement in roads and waterways C.Greatly increased prosperity and political power for the middle class
-Held the first Olympics -Polytheistic -Practiced direct democracy Which of the following ancient civilizations is described? A.Greece B.Egypt C.Rome D.China
A. Greece The Greeks developed the Olympics. They also believed in many gods. In addition, they had a form of direct democracy.
Which of the following inventors is most associated with the use of the assembly line? A. Henry Ford B. Thomas Alva Edison C. Alexander Graham Bell D. Nikola Tesla
A. Henry Ford
A local clothing store offers customers fifty percent off the price of all inventory items. Which of the following economic terms best describes this example? A.Incentive B.Production C.Consumption D.Scarcity
A. Incentive This is an example of an incentive because the consumer is being motivated to shop at the store.
Which of the following was a major effect of the New Deal in the United States? A. Increased federal government spending B. Decreased involvement in foreign affairs C. Decreased wages for government workers D. Increased privatization of industries
A. Increased federal government spending
Which of the following describes the effect of the interstate highway system on life in the United States? A. Increased suburban development B. Increased education funding C. Decreased use of airline transportation D. Decreased demand for overseas goods
A. Increased suburban development
Which of the following describes the use of a natural resource in the development of early Mesopotamian society? A. Irrigating crops with river water B. Hunting animals on plateaus C. Farming crops on terraced hillsides D. Navigating ships on oceans
A. Irrigating crops with river water
Which of the following is accurate about the geography of Peru? A.Its coastal region is comprised of desert. B.The majority of the country is made up of grasslands. C.The country has mostly rolling hills and very few mountains. D.It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and has few water features.
A. Its coastal region is comprised of desert. The coast of Peru is comprised of close to 3,000 kilometers of desert.
Which of the following time zones is located between California and Texas? A.Mountain B.Central C.Eastern D.Pacific
A. Mountain California is located in the Pacific time zone and Texas is in the Central time zone. The Mountain time zone is located between the Pacific and Central time zones.
In which of the following regions is Islam the predominant religion? A.Northern Africa B.Western Europe C.Northern South America D.Eastern Asia
A. Northern Africa A large portion of the population in the northern region of Africa is Muslim.
In which of the following nations did the conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi take place? A.Rwanda B.South Africa C.Ethiopia D.Uganda
A. Rwanda The conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi took place in the country of Rwanda.
Which of the following European nations was the first to colonize the southwestern United States? A.Spain B.Portugal C.France D.England
A. Spain Spain was the first European nation to explore and colonize the Southwestern United States as early as the mid 1500s.
The destruction of the USS Maine led to the start of which of the following events? A.Spanish-American War B.First World War C.Mexican-American War D.War of 1812
A. Spanish-American War The sinking of the USS Maine in Havana, Cuba, in February 1898 prompted the United States to declare war on Spain, beginning the Spanish-American War.
Main Causes of WWI
A. Tension over the competition for colonies B. Ethnic groups such as Poles and Czechs hoping for nations of their own C. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Which of the following events most contributed to the start of the American Revolution? A.The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War B.The blockade of the American colonies by the British navy C.The drafting of the Constitution by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia D.The commissioning of George Washington as commander of the Continental army
A. The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War At the conclusion of the French and Indian War, the British imposed taxes to help pay debts from the war. As a result of these taxes, American colonists began resisting British rule.
Which of the following actions contained a controversial fugitive slave provision? A.The Compromise of 1850 B.The Missouri Compromise C.The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 D.The Three-Fifths Compromise
A. The Compromise of 1850 Part of the Compromise of 1850 was the provision that any runaway slave found in a non-slave state had to be sent back to the South.
Which of the following events was the context for the Gettysburg Address? A. The dedication of a national cemetery during the American Civil War B. The opening of an immigrant processing center during the Gilded Age C. The attack on a battleship at the start of the Spanish-American War D. The annexation of new territory during the era of western expansion
A. The dedication of a national cemetery during the American Civil War
Which of the following is most responsible for changing the cultural landscape of the American West in the late nineteenth century? A. The expansion of the railroad B. The growth of Indian settlements C. The relocation of Mexican citizens D. The establishment of slave states
A. The expansion of the railroad
Major Factors leading to the American Revolution
A. The forced quartering of British soldiers in colonial households B. Excessive tariffs C. The "Intolerable Acts"
Which of the following events most contributed to Southern states seceding from the Union? A. The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln B. The occurrence of Nat Turner's Rebellion C. The ratification of the Civil Rights Act D. The signing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
A. The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
Which of the following statements best describes indentured servants during the American colonial period? A.They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed. B.They consisted primarily of young women and children. C.The majority served in wealthy homes in the northern colonies. D.They paid higher taxes to offset the cost of their trip to the Americas.
A. They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed. Indentured servants in the American colonies typically served for seven years and received their freedom and a plot of land when their service was complete.
Which of the following countries is known as the breadbasket of Europe? A.Ukraine B.France C.Ireland D.Poland
A. Ukraine The rich dark soil and the vast fields of wheat and other food products have earned Ukraine the nickname "breadbasket of Europe."
Which of the following helped many homesteaders to establish farms on the Great Plains during the 1800s? A.Windmills to pump water for irrigation B.Levees to control flooding C.Steel to construct cities to withstand earthquakes D.Cars to transport crops to markets
A. Windmills to pump water for irrigation. Homesteaders utilized windmills to pump water for irrigation on the Great Plains.
Which of the following best describes one result of the introduction of robotics into manufacturing centers? A.Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs. B.Additional assembly-line workers will be needed to work in automated factories. C.The price of goods created through automation will increase. D.Additional management personnel will be needed to make decisions about production levels.
A. Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs. The introduction of robotics in factories has reduced the need for human laborers, which has resulted in the need to retrain workers to perform different jobs.
Which of the following maps would most likely be used in distinguishing cultural regions? A.A world map of languages B.A North American topographical map C.A world map of natural resources D.A precipitation map of Europe
A.A world map of languages
Which of the following is one characteristic of a democracy? A.Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials. B.Government power is controlled by a few individuals. C.Government power is controlled by a single monarch. D.Citizens are punished for criticizing government officials
A.Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials.
Which of the following countries did the United States come into conflict with as a result of the annexation of the Republic of Texas? A.Mexico B.France C.Canada D.Spain
A.Mexico
Which of the following is best described as the study of individual economic behavior? A.Microeconomics B.Macroeconomics C.Social economics D.Institutional economics
A.Microeconomics
and no situation can ever change my fixed resolution...." King George III Which of the following is most related to the topic discussed in this excerpt? A.The Declaration of Independence B.The Louisiana Purchase C.The Constitution of the United States D.The Treaty of Paris of 1763
A.The Declaration of Independence
Which of the following best explains why Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan used deficit spending? A.To stimulate weak economies B.To regulate financial markets C.To promote territorial expansion D.To prevent racial inequality
A.To stimulate weak economies
Which of the following best describes a reasonable application of how geography can be used to interpret the past? A.To understand how the discovery of gold affected the development of California B.To analyze the potential hazards of overcrowding in urban areas C.To determine the longitude and latitude of the capital of Nebraska D.To calculate the topographical features of a specific region
A.To understand how the discovery of gold affected the development of California
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery
What is the 13th amendment?
Abolished slavery
Mountain range in Africa
Abyssinian, Atlas, Ruwenzori, Kilimanjaro,
also : a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact
Acculturation
Missouri Compromise
Admitted Maine as a free state Admitted Missouri as a slave state Drew imaginary line across the Louisiana Territory dividing free/slave parts of that state.
7 continents
Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America
Where are Atlas mountains?
Africa: Morocco
What is the 14th amendment?
African American gained citizenship
What is the 15th amendment?
African Americans could vote
Difference btw Virginia and New York in 17th century?
Agriculture
The Truman Doctrine justified which United States policies?
Aiding Greece and Turkey after the Second World War
The Truman Doctrine justified which of the following United States policies?
Aiding Greece and Turkey after the Second World War
Marshall Plan
Aimed at preventing the spreas of communism, involved the economic aid that was sent to Europe in the aftermath of the Second World War
What amendment provided protection of lands conveyed on the behalf of Alaska natives to for-profit corporations?
Alaska Protection Plan of 1991
National Bank
Alexander Hamilton to Congress; private stockholders and the national government to provide financial stability to US (e.g. loans, funds, credit)
Pax Romana
Allowed for free travel affected a vast area Accomplishment of the Romans
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
Allowed slave owners to go into free states to retrieve their escaped slaves
Compromise of 1850
Allowed those who lived in the Mexican cession to decide for themselves whether to be a free or slave territory
Compromise of 1850
Allowed those who lived in the Mexican cession to decide for themselves whether to be free or slave territory.
Mountain range in Europe
Alps, Caucasus, carpathian, Pyrenees, Urals
Which of the following developments prompted the United States Congress to pass the USA PATRIOT Act? • A Middle East oil embargo in 1973 • The start of the Iran-Iraq War • An attack by terrorists in 2001 • The outbreak of the Cuban missile crisis
An attack by terrorists in 2001
Mixed Economy
An economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion.
Economic expansion
An increase in the level of economic activity (national output rises) and of the goods and services available
Which of the following is correct based on the law of supply?
An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply.
Indus Valley
Ancient civilization; 3rd-4th centuries BC with a unified culture of luxury and refinement, no national government, an advanced civic system and trade routes
Egypt
Ancient civilization; united by the Nile River, settled in villages, pharaohs served as Gods, central government controlled civil and artistic affairs
Sumer
Ancient civilization; used the 1st known writing system, advanced the development of the wheel and irrigation, urbanized their culture
Parallels
Another name for lines of latitude
Meridians
Another name for lines of longitude. Connect at the poles.
Desiderius Erasmus
Applied historical scholarship to the New Testament and laid the seeds for the Protestment Reformation.
Rivers
Are a channeled flow of water that start out as a spring or stream formed by runoff from rain or snow. The Nile River is thee longest river.
Canals
Are artificial waterways constructed by humans to connect two larger water bodies.
Lakes
Are bodies of water in a depression on the earth's surface. The Caspian Sea is actually the largest lake.
Functional Regions
Are defined by a common function such as the area covered by a telephone service
Mountains
Are formed by the movement of geological plates, the process is called orogeny.
Coral reefs
Are formed from millions of tiny, tube-shaped polyps, an animal life form encased in tough limestone skeletons. Fringing, barrier, and atolls are the three types.
Sea
Are large bodies of salt water much smaller than oceans
Rivers
Are large natural streams of fresh water
Commodities
Are natural resources that have to be extracted and purified rather than created, such as mineral ores.
Seas
Are smaller than oceans and are somewhat surrounded by land. Seas include the Mediterranean, Baltic, Caspian, Carribean, and Coral.
Oceans
Are the largest bodies of salt water between continents
Oceans
Are the largest bodies of water on the earth and cover 71% of the earth's surface. There are five major oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Artic, and Southern
Natural resources
Are things provided by nature that have commercial value to humans, such as minerals, energy, timber, fish, wildlife, and the landscape.
Renewable resources
Are those that can be replenished, such as wind, solar radiation, and tides. Water, timber, and soil are renewable with proper conservation and clean-up.
Nonrenewable resources
Are those that cannot be replenished. These include fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and metal ores.
Biomes
Are vegetation zones. Forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra are the four main types.
Subtropical climates
Are very humid areas in tropical areas
What is the "breadbasket"?
Area in the Midwest that has rich soil and produces a lot of corn, wheat
Formal Regions
Areas defined by actual political boundaries such as a city, county, or state
Thomas Hobbes
Argued that humans in their natural state one without government live a life of nasty and short
Canals
Artificial waterways constructed by humans to connect two larger bodies of water; Examples: Panama and Suez
Leonardo Da Vinci
Artist and Inventor, he is also known as the Renissance Man.
Caste System
Aryans from central Asia invaded South Asia and introduced this as a means of controlling the local populations. the Aryans defined key roles in society, then assigned groups of people to them. There was no social mobility.
Law of Supply
As the price increases producers produce more
Sixteenth-century European explorers sought to discover alternative trade routes to which of the following?
Asia
Sixteenth-century European explorers sought to discover alternative trade routes to which of the following? • Australia • North Africa • South America • Asia
Asia
The Himalayas
Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau Has many of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest
What is the process by which a person or group language/cultural comes to resemble those of another group?
Assimilation
Nicolo Machiavelli
Author of Prince and Discourses, which proposed a science of human nature and civil life.
Which Native American cultures is known for its complex temples and pyramids and its cultivation of maize?
Aztec
Which of the following Native American cultures is known for its complex temples and pyramids and its cultivation of maize?
Aztec
In which of the following types of economies do the government and central planners play the largest part in deciding how resources are used and distributed to the people? A. Capitalist B. Command C. Free market D. Traditional
B. Command
Which of the following demonstrates one way the government can promote competition? A.Implementing a tariff on foreign products B.Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation C.Providing tax breaks for consumers D.Creating a national minimum wage
B. Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation In order to promote competition, the government must ensure that one company does not have an unfair advantage over its competitors.
Which of the following examples describes an action performed by the federal government? A. Collecting property taxes to fund public schools B. Establishing trade agreements with other nations C. Determining zoning guidelines for urban development D. Raising sales taxes on major goods
B. Establishing trade agreements with other nations
Which of the following most contributed to Japan's rise as an industrial power in the late nineteenth century? A. Acquiring natural resources from China B. Establishing trade with the United States C. Joining a military alliance with Germany D. Annexing territories from Russia
B. Establishing trade with the United States
Question:Which of the following rights did Thomas Jefferson believe John Adams violated when he signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law? A.The right to bear arms B.Freedom of the press C.The right to assemble peacefully D.Unreasonable searches and seizures
B. Freedom of the press Thomas Jefferson argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the freedom of speech and press.
Which of the following best defines opportunity cost? A. Allocating federal taxes to improve the economy B. Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item C. Having limited resources to produce goods for market D. Allocating funds for the manufacture of a specific product
B. Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item
Which of the following most contributed to the growth of factory production in the United States during the early 1800s? A. Rise in labor union membership B. Introduction of new technologies C. Creation of vocational programs D. Increase in government regulations
B. Introduction of new technologies
Which colony had the highest proportion of German settlers during the colonial period? A. Massachusetts B. Pennsylvania C. New York D. Virginia
B. Pennsylvania
-Boston Tea Party -Boston Massacre -Intolerable Acts The actions listed contributed to which of the following events? A.The French and Indian War B.The American Revolution C.The Proclamation of 1763 D.The War of 1812
B. The American Revolution The three actions listed contributed to the start of the American Revolutionary War.
Which of the following physical features provided a natural barrier against the growth of British colonies in North America? A. The Gulf of Mexico B. The Appalachian Mountains C. The Mississippi River D. The Rocky Mountains
B. The Appalachian Mountains
Which of the following documents was the initial attempt by the American colonists to establish an independent government? A.The Bill of Rights B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Declaration of Independence D.The Constitution of the United States
B. The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation were the first attempt by the colonists to create a government. They were ratified in 1781 and created a confederation of states and a weak central government. The states held the majority of the governmental power.
Which of the following reasons explains why Russia withdrew from the First World War? A.The Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated. B.The Bolshevik Revolution started. C.Nicolas II was crowned czar. D.Warsaw was captured by Germany.
B. The Bolshevik Revolution started. The Bolshevik uprising caused the Russian government to pull out of the war in 1917.
Which of the following events had the greatest impact on the size of the United States? A.The Gadsden Purchase B.The Louisiana Purchase C.The Oregon Treaty D.The annexation of Texas
B. The Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 for $15 million increased the size of the United States by adding 828,000 square miles.
Which of the following is one governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation? A. The creation of an equitable system of taxation B. The ability to negotiate with foreign governments C. The establishment of a powerful executive branch D. The establishment of a system of national courts
B. The ability to negotiate with foreign governments
Which of the following factors most increased cultural diversity within the United States during the early nineteenth century? A. The relocation of American Indians in western territories B. The arrival of European immigrants in urban areas C. The migration of African Americans to northern cities D. The arrival of Asian workers to build railroads
B. The arrival of European immigrants in urban areas
Which of the following is a key component in determining the economic growth of a country? A.The landmass of the country B.The per capita national output C.The amount of natural resources D.The size of the country's population
B. The per capita national output Economic growth is directly related to percentage increase in GNP of a country.
The Russian people's interest in acquiring and wearing American blue jeans is an example of A. cultural diversity B. cultural diffusion C. cultural adaptation D. acculturation
B. cultural diffusion
Which of the following statements best describes the historical settlement of the present-day United States? A.)European powers cooperated with one another to colonize new territories. B.)The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast. C.)Internal migration was discouraged by local government officials. D.)Large groups of Native Americans were assimilated into European settlements.
B.)The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast.
Which of the following most contributes to the cultural cohesion of a community? A.Diverse climate B.Common language C.Natural resources D.Market economy
B.Common language
Which of the following best protects the security of citizens in a democracy? A.Limiting the number of potential candidates in elections B.Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections C.Compensating candidates for money spent in elections D.Mandating that voters participate in elections
B.Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections
Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution extended the right to vote to women? A.Eighteenth Amendment B.Nineteenth Amendment C.Twentieth Amendment D.Twenty-First Amendment
B.Nineteenth Amendment
Which of the following organizations was most responsible for the increased tensions over the shortage of a natural resource during the 1970s? A.World Customs Organization B.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries C.World Trade Organization D.North Atlantic Treaty Organization
B.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
Which of the following actions is considered primarily a duty of local governments? A.Negotiating with foreign leaders B.Organizing school systems C.Printing paper currency D.Establishing border security
B.Organizing school systems
Which of the following objectives is expressly stated in the preamble to the Constitution? A.Providing for the common defense and establishing political parties B.Providing for the common defense and establishing justice C.Insuring domestic tranquility and establishing voting procedures D.Promoting the general welfare and establishing political parties
B.Providing for the common defense and establishing justice
Which of the following doubled the size of the United States? A.The Gadsden Purchase B.The Louisiana Purchase C.The annexation of Texas D.The cession of Florida
B.The Louisiana Purchase
Which of the following best describes how the increasing popularity of automobiles transformed the United States during the early twentieth century? A.The percentage of people who lived in rural areas increased. B.The number of roads that were paved increased. C.The percentage of minorities who voted increased. D.The number of mass transit systems that were built increased.
B.The number of roads that were paved increased.
Which of the following best describes President Woodrow Wilson's main justification for the entry of the United States into World War I? A.The threat of communism around the world needed to be eliminated. B.The world needed to be made safe for democracy. C.The Allied Powers demanded that war reparations be paid by Germany. D.The Central Powers launched an attack against a United States naval base
B.The world needed to be made safe for democracy.
Map types
Base maps - created by aerial and field surveys Topographic maps - show natural and man-made surface features of the Earth Thematic maps - show data based on a theme, such as population, wildlife distribution, economic trends
Declaration of Independence
Based on: greek ideas of democracy individual rights ideas of european enlightenment renaissance Philosophy of John Locke
Which of the following American Civil War battles immediately preceded the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation?
Battle of Antietam
Which of the following American Civil War battles immediately preceded the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation? • Battle of Gettysburg • Battle of Bull Run • Battle of Antietam • Battle of Vicksburg
Battle of Antietam
Which event occurred last in the American Revolution? -Passing the Intolerable Acts -The Boston Tea Party -Declaration of Independence -Battle of Yorktown
Battle of Yorktown
Protestant Reformation
Began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church which became dominant/corrupt during the Middle Ages but eventually led to separation from it; Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses to the door of a church which criticized unethical practices, doctrines and the Pope; John Calvin followed; this movement resulted in new denominations: Lutheran, Presbyterian, Calvinist, Reformed and Anglican
Protestant Reformation
Began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church, but eventually led to the separation from it. It did cause the Catholic Church to reform itself, and resulting in a preliferation of new denominations.
Who was a founding father that died in 1790?
Benjamin Franklin
Alliance with France
Benjamin Franklin negotiated an agreement with France to fight with the Americans in 1778
Topographic map
Best used for determining the difference in elevation between a river and a close by mountain range
French and Indian War
Between the British and the French both with Indian allies. Was ended by the Treaty of Paris. France was forced to give up all of its North American territory. Britain gained all of the land east of the Mississippi River and Spain gained the land west of the Mississippi River.
-The first ten amendments to the Constitution - Ratified in 1791
Bill of Rights
What is the name of the first 10 Amendments?
Bill of Rights
Lakes
Bodies of water in a depression; Examples: Great Lakes and Lake Victoria
Bays
Bodies of water smaller than a gulf and nearly surrounded by land
Judicial Branch
Branch of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly- Supreme court, Other Federal Courts
Legislative Branch
Branch of government that makes the laws- Congress, Senate, House of Representatives
Allied Powers
Britain, France, and Russia in WWI
American Revolution
British settlers who rebelled against England in the Thirteen Colonies
Which of the following is the best example of cultural diffusion?
Buddhism spread from India to China
Aztec indians
Built stone temples and pyramids in central Mexico, specifically the great pyramid of Tenochtitlan in present-day Mexico City. Also known for their cultivation of maize.
Which of the following American Civil War battles immediately preceded the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation? A.Battle of Gettysburg B.Battle of Bull Run C.Battle of Antietam D.Battle of Vicksburg
C. Battle of Antietam Lincoln was advised to wait for a decisive Union victory before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation to show that the Union could enforce the Proclamation. The Battle of Antietam ended with the Confederates being driven out of Maryland. Lincoln felt comfortable enough with this to issue the Proclamation five days after the battle.
In which of the following types of economies does the government have the most control of the country's resources? A.Traditional B.Free market C.Command D.Mixed
C. Command In a command economy the means of production and resources are owned by the government.
Which of the following forms of government consists of a union of several countries with some or most power shared between them? A.Dictatorship B.Republic C.Confederation D.Monarchy
C. Confederation A confederation consists of a union of several states or countries, united for a common purpose. Confederations occasionally have a central authority, but the majority of the power lies with the states or countries.
Which of the following rulers was most responsible for ending the persecution of Christians in Ancient Rome? A.Alexander the Great B.Julius Caesar C.Constantine D.Nero
C. Constantine Constantine was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, and he also ended the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire through the Edict of Milan in 313.
Which of the following ancient civilizations used hieroglyphics as a way to communicate? A.Greece B.Rome C.Egypt D.China
C. Egypt The Egyptians used hieroglyphics as their form of writing.
Which of the following are the main religions in Nepal? A.Sikhism and Buddhism B.Buddhism and Confucianism C.Hinduism and Buddhism D.Christianity and Judaism
C. Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism and Buddhism are the two main religions practiced in Nepal.
Which of the following is most associated with the Boston Tea Party? A. Impressment of sailors B. Quartering of troops in homes C. Increased taxes on commodities D. Restrictions on due process
C. Increased taxes on commodities
Which of the following describes a significant effect of deforestation in South America? A. Reduction of transportation hubs B. Decreased demand for arable land C. Increased threats to wildlife habitats D. Decrease in foreign trade
C. Increased threats to wildlife habitats
Which of the following presidents expanded the United States space program by establishing the goal of landing astronauts on the Moon? A. Harry S. Truman B. Dwight Eisenhower C. John F. Kennedy D. Gerald Ford
C. John F. Kennedy
Which of the following contributed to a decline in the prices of farm goods in the late-nineteenth-century United States? A. Shortages of agricultural machinery caused by labor strikes B. Shortages of arable land C. Overproduction of agricultural products D. The aftermath of the Civil War
C. Overproduction of agricultural products
Which of the following is a shared power between state and federal governments? A.Making treaties with nations B.Appointing local judges C.Raising taxes D.Passing city ordinances
C. Raising taxes. Both the federal government and state government can levy and raise taxes.
Which of the following characteristics best describes the New England colonies? A. Rich farmland and humid climate B. Good harbors and moderate climate C. Rocky terrain and cold winters D. Coastal lowlands and moderate winters
C. Rocky terrain and cold winters
Which of the following is a responsibility of the executive branch? A.Ratifying proposed amendments to the Constitution B.Declaring war on countries that threaten national security C.Signing proposed bills into law D.Declaring laws that infringe on personal freedoms unconstitutional
C. Signing proposed bills into laws. It is a responsibility of the president to sign bills into law.
What did the United States Supreme Court conclude in its 1857 ruling on the Dred Scott case? A. The importation of slaves from Africa was illegal. B. Slaves were free once their owners took them to free states. C. Slaves had no legal right to sue for their freedom. D. Slaves could be freed once their owners died
C. Slaves had no legal right to sue for their freedom.
Which of the following is the best example of how humans impact topography? A.Using technology to predict earthquakes B.Mapping a local river system C.Strip-mining an area for minerals D.Migrating from rural to urban areas
C. Strip-mining an area for minerals Strip-mining removes large sections of land from an area. It can remove the tops from mountains, altering their elevation and the way precipitation runoff sculpts the remainder of the landscape.
Which of the following is associated with the relocation of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma? A. The Dawes Act B. The Adams-Onis Treaty C. The Trail of Tears D. The Great Migration
C. The Trail of Tears
Which of the following statements is correct about the Battles of Lexington and Concord? A.The battles convinced the French to aid the Continental army. B.General Washington crossed the Potomac to engage in the battles. C.The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain. D.General Cornwallis agreed to surrender after the battles.
C. The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain. Although the Americans had not yet declared independence, the Battles of Lexington and Concord are known as the first battles of the war.
Which of the following was a reaction by the American public to tensions created by the Cold War? A.A decline in entrepreneurship B.The mass migration of minorities to rural areas C.The construction of private bomb shelters D.A reduction in consumer spending
C. The construction of private bomb shelters. During the 1950s and 1960s people in the United States built private bomb shelters because of the fear of a nuclear attack during the Cold War.
Which of the following elements is contained in the United States Constitution but not in the Articles of Confederation? A.A process to propose and approve amendments B.The power for Congress to declare war C.The establishment of an executive branch D.A unicameral legislative structure
C. The establishment of an executive branch. Under the Articles of Confederation there was no executive branch. There was a president, but he had a primarily ceremonial role within Congress.
Which of the following changes would most likely occur in a community with high rates of immigration? A. The reduction of small business revenues B. A decline in religious observances C. The establishment of new cultural festivals D. An increase in zoning regulations
C. The establishment of new cultural festivals
Which of the following regions has the greatest frequency of tornadoes? A.The Middle East B.The east coast of Australia C.The midwestern United States D.The Far East
C. The midwestern United States
Which of the following is true of the effect of high tariffs on an economy in the long run? A. They increase the market for exports. B. They decrease employment in the industries protected by the tariff. C. They benefit some groups at the expense of others. D. They encourage industries protected by the tariff to be more efficient and competitive.
C. They benefit some groups at the expense of others.
Which of the following is considered a right of United States citizenship? A. To obey laws B. To serve on a jury C. To worship freely D. To pay income taxes
C. To worship freely
Which of the following is the most effective method for a farmer to use to minimize the effects of a drought? A. Using greenhouses B. Building terraces C. Using drip irrigation D. Flooding fields
C. Using drip irrigation
Which of the following are the most common geological threats to the country of Mexico? A.Hurricanes and tsunamis B.Tornadoes and blizzards C.Volcanoes and earthquakes D.Tsunamis and landslides
C. Volcanoes and earthquakes The biggest geological threats to Mexico faces are volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
Which of the following is required for an individual to cast a ballot in any federal election in the United States? A. Membership in a political party B. A valid driver's license C. Voter registration D. Payment of a poll tax
C. Voter registration
Which of the following scenarios would most directly increase a nation's gross domestic product? A.A rise in unemployment rates B.A rapid growth in population C.A rise in the price of exported goods D.A decision to implement economic sanctions
C.A rise in the price of exported goods
Which of the following developments prompted the United States Congress to pass the USA PATRIOT Act? A.A Middle East oil embargo in 1973 B.The start of the Iran-Iraq War C.An attack by terrorists in 2001 D.The outbreak of the Cuban missile crisis
C.An attack by terrorists in 2001
Which of the following conflicts contributed to an agreement between British colonies known as the Albany Plan? A.American Revolution B.King Philip's War C.French and Indian War D.War of 1812
C.French and Indian War
Which TWO of the following natural resources were European explorers trying to acquire during the early exploration of North America? A.Platinum B.Zinc C.Gold D.Iron E.Silver F.Ivory
C.Gold E.Silver
Which of the following architectural innovations is attributed to classical Greece? A.Aqueduct B.Minaret C.Ionic column D.Flying buttress
C.Ionic column
Which of the following is recognized by three of the world's major religions as a holy city? A.Mecca B.Cairo C.Jerusalem D.Tehran
C.Jerusalem
Ramon can spend his time creating calligraphy cards or baking muffins. He chooses to bake muffins. Which of the following economic terms best describes the calligraphy cards in this scenario? A.Scarce resource B.Production cost C.Opportunity cost D.Factor of production
C.Opportunity cost (opportunity cost is the value of the next-highest-valued alternative, which in this case would be the cards.)
Which TWO factors contributed to the failure of the Articles of Confederation? A.Congress abused its power to tax. B.Congress overregulated foreign trade. C.States printed local currencies. D.The executive branch abused its power to negotiate treaties. E.The federal government was unable to enforce laws
C.States printed local currencies. E.The federal government was unable to enforce laws
Which of the following best describes how the farming techniques used by the Inca developed? A.Vast plains resulted in pastoral farming. B.Annual flooding resulted in the development of commercial farms. C.Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms. D.Lack of rainfall resulted in dry farming.
C.Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms.
-Availability of abundant natural resources -Federal laws enacted to protect property rights -Extensive patent laws passed Which of the following developments was made possible as a result of the factors listed above? A.The Great Depression B.The Great Awakening C.The Industrial Revolution D.The Great Recession
C.The Industrial Revolution
Which of the following best characterizes a resource as scarce? A.The production of the resource exceeds the demand for it. B.The resource is renewable. C.The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available. D.The government subsidizes the resource.
C.The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available.
Which of the following rights is most characteristic of a democracy? A.The right to achieve financial security B.The right to worship in a government church C.The right to participate in the electoral process D.The right to a publicly funded education
C.The right to participate in the electoral process
Which of the following describes the primary purpose of cross-cultural comparisons? A.To determine which culture is superior B.To establish the land rights of a cultural group C.To identify traits shared between cultures D.To predict cultural migration patterns
C.To identify traits shared between cultures
Which of the following describes the primary reason for the establishment of time zones in the United States? A.To create uniform borders between states B.To align all cities with the prime meridian C.To improve the efficiency of transportation D.To maintain physical national boundaries
C.To improve the efficiency of transportation
Human Characteristics
Canals, Roads, tunnels
What is NW, NE, SW, and SE called?
Cardinal Directions
World War I
Caused by competition between industrial nations in Europe and a failure of diplomacy
Mayans
Central America, biggest cities were in modern day Guatemala (south of Mexico) Known for temples/pyramids Developed the mathmatics concept of zero
Dictatorship
Centralizes all political control in itself Enforces its will with strong police force Oligarchy
Archipelago
Chain of islands that largely comprise Indonesia and The Philippines
Mountain Range
Chains of mountains
Rivers
Channeled flow of water that start out as a spring/stream formed by runoff from rain or snow; flow from higher to lower ground and empty into a sea or ocean; Examples: Amazon, Nile, Mississippi, Ganges, Yangtze
Market socialism
Characterized by both markets and planning
Which of the following individuals is most known for his contributions to aviation?
Charles Lindbergh
Who is known for his contributions to aviation?
Charles Lindbergh
African Americans traveled to Michigan
Chicago during the 20th century.. Why?,- escape economic conditions in the south (promise of greater prosperity in the North) -when WW1 happened men in factories left, blacks traveler North to take their jobs -economy was desperate and paid blacks to migrate North -some moved due to not liking the conditions of the South (lynching, inequality in education, unfair legal system)
Dred Scott vs. Sandford Case in 1857
Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that all blacks - slaves as well as free blacks - were not and could never become citizens of the United States
Which of the following has occurred as a result of China's rapid economic growth?
China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide
What has occurred as a result of China's rapid economic growth?
China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide.
15th Amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote b/c of race or color
Which of the following is one characteristic of a democracy?
Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials
Which of the following is one characteristic of a democracy? • Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials. • Government power is controlled by a few individuals. • Government power is controlled by a single monarch. • Citizens are punished for criticizing government officials.
Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials.
14th Amendment
Citizenship for African Americans
In which of the following types of economies do the government and central planners play the largest part in deciding how resources are used and distributed to the people?
Command
In which of the following types of economies does the government have the most control of the country's resources?
Command
The type of economy that the government have the most control of the country's resources?
Command Economy
What type of economy do the government and central planners play the largest part in deciding how resources are used and distributed to the people?
Command Economy
Column A lists theoretical models of economic organization and column B lists their major strength. Which of the following is the best match?
Command is less likely than other economic systems to have problems related to scarcity
Lewis And Clark Expedition
Commissioned by Thomas Jefferson, shortly after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Supplied a great amount of detail for the map of northwestern U.S (which was sparse up until that time). Kept journals of their discoveries which Sacagawea was able to maintain.
What most contributes to the cultural cohesion of a community?
Common Language
Which of the following most contributes to the cultural cohesion of a community? • Diverse climate • Common language • Natural resources • Market economy
Common language
Early empires
Common traits were: strong military, centralized government, money, and taxes. Athens, Sparta, Egypt, and Sumer
Communist Economy
Communist government owns and control all means of production without any private interest all resources.
Landform
Comprises a geomorphological unit categorized by characteristics such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type
Which of the following items are both human wants?
Computers and sports equipment
Which of the following items are both human wants? • Shelter and clothing • Food and cars • Clothing and video games • Computers and sports equipment
Computers and sports equipment
Monroe Doctrine
Conceived by President James Monroe in 1823, this foreign policy warned European powers to cease colonization of Central and South America. In return, the United States would not meddle in political affairs or standing colonies of Europe.
Physical Geography
Concerned with the locations of such features as climates, water, and land as well as how these relate to and affect each other
Environmental Policy
Concerned with the sustainability of the Earth and the preservation of a region, habitat, or ecosystem
The power to levy and collect taxes is an example of what types of powers? -Reserved powers -Expressed powers -Delegated powers -Concurrent powers
Concurrent powers (Both the federal and state governments have the power to levy and collect taxes of citizens, meaning it is a power that exists for both the federal and state governments, making it a concurrent power. )
Which of the following forms of government consists of a union of several countries with some or most power shared between them?
Confederation
Which of the following forms of government consists of a union of several countries with some or most power shared between them? • Dictatorship • Republic • Confederation • Monarchy
Confederation
Legislative Branch
Congress House of Representatives: 2 year term, must be at least 25 years old, 435 members Senate: 6 year term (no term limit), at least 30 years old, each state has 2 seats.
New England Colonies
Connecticut New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island
13 colonies
Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Caroline and Virginia
Original 13 Colonies
Connecticut, Deleware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia.
Judicial Branch
Consists of a series of courts and related entities with the top body being the Supreme Court
Executive Branch
Consists of president and vice preseident
Legislative Branch
Consists primarily of the House of Representatives and the Senate
Which of the following rulers was most responsible for ending the persecution of Christians in Ancient Rome?
Constantine
Which of the following rulers was most responsible for ending the persecution of Christians in Ancient Rome? • Alexander the Great • Julius Caesar • Constantine • Nero
Constantine
Law of Demand
Consumers will buy more of a good when its price is lower and less when its price is higher
Physical map
Contains labels for countries and capital cities as well as major physical feature like plains, rivers, plateaus, and mountains
The Federal Reserve Act
Created the bational bankig system, providing a more stable money supply
The Russian people's interest in acquiring and wearing American blue jeans is an example of
Cultural Diffusion
The Russian people's interest in acquiring and wearing American blue jeans is an example of?
Cultural Diffusion
The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.
Cultural Diversity
What is the type of unemployment called during a recession?
Cyclical
Types of unemployment
Cyclical, frictional, and structural
Which of the following actions would be taken by the Federal Reserve? A.Printing money to introduce into circulation B.Restricting the buying and selling of stocks on Wall Street C.Creating a national budget to present to Congress D.Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation
D. Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation. Adjusting interest rates to limit inflation is a responsibility of the Federal Reserve Bank.
Which of the following is correct based on the law of supply? A.A decrease in the demand of a product will result in an increase in supply. B.An increase in the demand for one product leads to a fall in the demand for another. C.A decrease in the value of a currency will cause the value of another currency to decline. D.An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply.
D. An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply. Based on the law of supply, if the price of a product increases, then it is advantageous for the providers of that product to increase production.
Which of the following Native American cultures is known for its complex temples and pyramids and its cultivation of maize? A. Mohican B. Pequot C. Hopi D. Aztec
D. Aztec
Which of the following individuals is most known for his contributions to aviation? A.Henry Ford B.Andrew Carnegie C.Mark Twain D.Charles Lindbergh
D. Charles Lindbergh Charles Lindbergh contributed to aviation by making the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.
Which of the following has occurred as a result of China's rapid economic growth? A.China is no longer one of the world's largest miners of natural resources. B.China has become the world's largest exporter of agricultural products. C.China has become the world's largest importer of consumer goods. D.China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide.
D. China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide. China's industrial expansion has increased its use of fossil fuels, and consequently increased its carbon dioxide emissions.
Which of the following items are both human wants? A. Shelter and clothing B. Food and cars C. Clothing and video games D. Computers and sports equipment
D. Computers and sports equipment
The relative scarcity of arable land in China led to which of the following patterns in Chinese social life? A. Extensive low-intensity agriculture with an emphasis on grazing animals B. Equal population density across all zones and assignment of the right to inherit land to the first-born child C. Limited agricultural surplus and difficulty in sustaining large-scale states D. Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques
D. Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques
Which of the following groups was declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation? A. Enslaved people who had escaped to western territories B. Enslaved people who lived in border states C. Enslaved people who served in the federal army D. Enslaved people who lived in areas still in rebellion
D. Enslaved people who lived in areas still in rebellion
Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of Turkey's largest city? A.It has a very high altitude. B.It has a tropical climate. C.It is the country's largest manufacturing center. D.It is considered part of Europe and Asia.
D. It is considered part of Europe and Asia. Turkey is geographically and politically part of Europe and Asia. Part of Turkey lies in Europe and the remainder of the landmass, including Anatolia, lies in Asia. Istanbul is the only city in the world that is considered part of two continents.
Which of the following best explains the economic depression Germany experienced following the First World War? A. The number of labor union members increased across the country. B. Banks offered low-interest loans to help rebuild homes. C. The government implemented regulations to help improve worker safety. D. Mandatory reparations caused massive inflation in the country.
D. Mandatory reparations caused massive inflation in the country.
Which of the following events took place as a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 ? A.Members of the Seminole tribe peaceably relocated to Florida. B.The United States Army relocated members of the Creek Nation to Georgia. C.The Sioux were the only remaining tribes in the southeastern United States. D.Members of the Cherokee Nation were forced to move to the western United States.
D. Members of the Cherokee Nation were forced to move to the western United States. The Cherokee refused to leave their land, even suing for their rights. However, they were eventually forced to relocate in 1838 and 1839 in a migration that is known as the Trail of Tears.
Question:Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote? A.Thirteenth B.Fifteenth C.Seventeenth D.Nineteenth
D. Nineteenth The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified on August 18, 1920, giving women the right to vote in the United States.
Which of the following events is recognized as the end of the American Civil War? A. The second Battle of Bull Run B. The election of Abraham Lincoln C. The secession of South Carolina D. The Battle of Appomattox Court House
D. The Battle of Appomattox Court House
Which of the following events of the American Revolution occurred last? A.The passage of the Intolerable Acts B.The dumping of tea into Boston Harbor C.The signing of the Declaration of Independence D.The Battle of Yorktown
D. The Battle of Yorktown In 1781, General George Washington and the Continental army attacked and captured the British fort at Yorktown, Virginia. This victory led to the surrender of British General Cornwallis and peace negotiations to end the American Revolution began soon after.
Which of the following best explains why the expansion of the American colonies was limited under British rule? A.The Spanish held the territory west of the Appalachian Mountains. B.Bad weather and poor soil prevented crops from growing south of the colonies. C.Most of the American colonists were fishermen and lived along the eastern shoreline. D.The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west.
D. The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west. The Proclamation of 1763 forbade any settlement by English colonists west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British refused to provide protection to colonists settling in this area.
Which of the following is an effect of the Gulf Stream? A. North America is significantly dryer and colder than it otherwise would be. B. The North Atlantic has the most unstable weather of any ocean on Earth. C. Travel time for ships and aircraft is much shorter from Europe to North America than from North America to Europe. D. The climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.
D. The climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.
Which of the following most contributed to the expansion of the Roman Empire under Emperor Augustus? A. The collection of taxes from conquered areas B. The appointment of public officials to the government C. The toleration of monotheism in conquered lands D. The establishment of an organized military system
D. The establishment of an organized military system
Which of the following contributed to the development of both ancient China and Rome? A. The building of large universities B. The printing of paper currency C. The practice of representative government D. The establishment of trade centers
D. The establishment of trade centers
Which of the following actions led to United States involvement in the First World War? A. The bombing of naval bases in the Pacific B. The surrender of military forces from Russia C. The invasion of neutral territories by Germany D. The use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic
D. The use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic
Which of the following statements describes an advantage the South had over the North during the Civil War? A.They had a larger population to provide troops for their army. B.They had greater access to railroads to move their troops. C.They had more manufacturing centers to produce munitions. D.They had more experienced generals to lead their troops.
D. They had more experienced generals to lead their troops. The South had commanders which included Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson. Their military leaders had more experience than the Northern military leaders.
In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed in order to A. establish the right to a trial by jury B. abolish slavery C. guarantee freedom of speech D. guarantee women the right to vote
D. guarantee women the right to vote
Which of the following describes a physical characteristic that a developer would use when planning a residential community? A.Evaluating the quality of local schools B.Assessing the median income of the surrounding communities C.Calculating the potential growth of neighboring businesses D.Analyzing the proximity to flood zones
D.Analyzing the proximity to flood zones
Which of the following actions is the direct result of how humans impact the environment? A.Erosion B.Earthquake C.Mudslide D.Deforestation
D.Deforestation
Which of the following would most contribute to an entrepreneur's success? A.Tariffs and exports B.Labor and exports C.Capital and tariffs D.Labor and capital
D.Labor and capital
Which of the following topics is most related to the Roman "Twelve Tables"? A.Art B.Architecture C.Philosophy D.Law
D.Law
Which of the following best describes why the Amazon Basin is considered a region? A.The tributaries of the Amazon River drain into the Atlantic Ocean. B.The indigenous people living in the Amazon rain forest speak the same language. C.Seasonal rainfall in the Amazon rain forest is consistent throughout the year. D.Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.
D.Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.
Which of the following events resulted in the United States gaining control of the Philippines? A.The Vietnam War B.World War I C.The Korean War D.Spanish-American War
D.Spanish-American War
Which of the following describes one outcome of the Battle of Saratoga? A.The British government gave the colonists equal representation in Parliament. B.The colonists formed a military alliance with Mexico against the British. C.The battle immediately led to the surrender of all British forces in the American colonies. D.The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.
D.The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.
Which of the following was written to raise public support for the ratification of the United States Constitution? A.The South Carolina Exposition B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Virginia Declaration of Rights D.The Federalist Papers
D.The Federalist Papers (The Federalist papers were series of 85 essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay urging the citizens of New York to ratify the new United States Constitution)
Which of the following events contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War? A.Interception of the Zimmermann telegram B.Bombing of a United States naval base C.A naval confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin D.The sinking of a United States battleship
D.The sinking of a United States battleship
Which of the following best describes why a democratic government regulates the economy? A.)To guarantee fair elections B.)To protect civil rights C.)To provide federal jobs D.)To ensure financial stability
D.To ensure financial stability
Boston Tea Party
December 16, 1773 Samuel Adams and the sons of Liberty boarded 3 ships in Boston Harbor and threw 342 chest of tea overboard. This resulted in the punitive coercive. Acts in 1774 and push 2 sides closer to war.
Choice
Decision made or course of action taken when faced with a set of alternatives The act of selecting among alternatives
13th Amendment
Declared slavery illegal
14th Amendment
Declares that all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
10th Amendment
Define the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
Which of the following actions is the direct result of how humans impact the environment?
Deforestation
Which of the following actions is the direct result of how humans impact the environment? • Erosion • Earthquake • Mudslide • Deforestation
Deforestation
Which colony was called "New Sweden?"
Delaware
Which of the following describes the compromise over slavery that the delegates agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention?
Delegates agreed on how slaves would be counted in the census
What describes the compromise over slavery that the delegates agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention?
Delegates agreed on how slaves would be counted in the census.
Circular model
Describes the flow of money and products throughout the economy in a very simplified way
Thematic Map
Designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific area. (Think how many African Americans live in NJ and is represented by the color green)
A topographic map is best used for:
Determining the difference in elevation between a river and a close by mountain range
Ancient Mesopotamia
Develop one of the early river valley civilization through the use of river water for irrigating crops
The following are groups within a local police department: I. street patril II. detective work III. domestic cases IV. traffic control The organizational structure is a reflection of which economic concept:
Division of labor
10th amendment
Division of power between national and state government
Tenth Amendments
Division of power between national and state government
Short term physical changes
Droughts, floods, and snowstorms
The Spanish Explorers
During the 1500's the Spanish created an empire by conquering the New World. In doing so, they defeated the British, the French, and the indigenous peoples that occupied this region. The impact on the indigenous peoples was devastating
The relative scarcity of arable land in China led to what pattern in Chinese social life?
Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques
The relative scarcity of arable land in China led to which of the following patterns in Chinese social life?
Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques
The relative scarcity of arable land in China led to which of the following patterns in Chinese social life?
Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques.
Long term physical changes
Earthquakes and erosion
The Appalachians
Eastern North America From Pennsylvania to Georgia
Similarity btw 18th century France and 20th century Russia?
Economy
Market Economy
Economy that operates by voluntary exchane in a free market and is not planned or controlled by a central authority
The book Silent Springs deals with?
Effects on the environment, particularly on birds and the use of pesticides
What ancient civilizations used hieroglyphics as a way to communicate?
Egypt
direct primary
Election in which voters choose party nominees.
Which of the following demonstrates one way the government can promote competition?
Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation
Which of the following demonstrates one way the government can promote competition? • Implementing a tariff on foreign products • Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation • Providing tax breaks for consumers • Creating a national minimum wage
Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation
1 degree turn) 27 nations agreed at the 1884 International Meridian Conference to create the time zone system which consists of 24 time zones (to equal 24 hours in a day) The 1884 Conference established the meridian passing through Greenwich
England (zero point AKA prime meridian) 180th meridian
Prime meridian goes through which countries?
England,France, Spain, Ghana, Togo, Algeria, Mali
Which of the following groups was declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation?
Enslaved people who lived in areas still in rebellion
Which group was declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation?
Enslaved people who lived in areas still in rebellion.
Which of the following best protects the security of citizens in a democracy?
Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections
Which of the following best protects the security of citizens in a democracy? • Limiting the number of potential candidates in elections • Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections • Compensating candidates for money spent in elections • Mandating that voters participate in elections
Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections
Second Continental Congress
Established the Continental Army and chose George Washington as its commanding general. They allowed printing of money and created government offices.
Which of the following best describes the significance of the decision in Marbury vs. Madison in American history?
Established the practice of judicial review by the Supreme Court
Which of the following examples describes an action performed by the federal government?
Establishing trade agreements with other nations
Action performed by the federal government?
Establishing trade agreements with other nations.
Which of the following most contributed to Japan's rise as an industrial power in the late nineteenth century?
Establishing trade with the United States
What most contributed to Japan's rise as an industrial power in the late nineteenth century?
Establishing trade with the United States.
Absolute Location
Exact spot where coordinates meet
A circular model shows what feature of a market economy?
Exchange of goods and services
3 Branches of Government
Executive (President/VP, elected for 4-year terms, enforce laws); Judicial (Supreme Court, appointed by the President and approved by Congress, interpret laws); Legislative (Congress, House of Reps: 2 year terms, Senate: 6 year terms, make the laws)
- central government divided into three branches: Legislative
Executive, and Judicial - by checks and balances. - The Bill of Rights - national gov't that controlled taxes, army, trade, and currency.
Whig Party
Existed from 1833 to 1856. It started in opposition to Jackson's authoritarian policies.
Holy Roman Empire
Existed from 912 to 1806. -Otto the Great reunited most of the lands of Charlemaynes Empire -Otto was crowed emperor by the Pope in 962 and had an unbroken line of succession of emperors for over eight centuries. -Otto involved the church, but tried to limit its power. The church slowly aquired control, which corrupted many of the church leaders. Simony, is the buying and selling of church positions. -One of Otto's legacies was the rivalry against church and state. -The Emporer of the empire was always crowned by the church.
Which of the following was the main reason for replacing the Articles of Confederation with the US constitution?
Expand the powers of the national government
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement?
Expenditures exceed revenue from taxes is called a cyclical crisis
20th Amendment
FDR Congress begins on January 30th
New Deal
FDR's plan to help fix the problems with the U.S. economy.
United Nations
Facilitates cooperation in international law, security, and international rights. Founded after WWII to replace the League of Nations
Brown vs Board of Education
Famous case that allow African Americans to attend the same school as Caucasians
Scarcity of land
Farmers in China used cast iron tools, animals to pull POWs, irrigation, and water conservation projects to increase farm production
Great Depression
Farmers went into a Depression when foreign markets started growing their own crops again; increased credit buying, bank war debts and gaps between the rich and the poor allowed the stock market to crash in October 1929; The Result: the economy spiraled downward, banks failed, people became unemployed, industrial production fell and national income level dropped
The Whigs
Favored strong national growth United behind President John Quincy Adams Northeast businesspeople supported them Farmers did not support them
10th Amendment
Federalism is the division of power between the national and state governments The U.S. Constitution establishes this federalist structure through the Tenth Amendment
Alexander Hamilton
Federalist who believed the federal government should have more power over the state, supported the first bank, favored business leaders and mistrusted the commoners
Ferdinand Magellan
First to circumnavigate (sail all around) the globe
Populism
Flourished in late 19th/early 20th centuries concerned with common-sense needs of average people Attempted to meet demand for reform because of Industrial Revolution
Meteorological Map
Forecast, weather map (think about watching the news for the weather and the different maps presented)
Knights of Labor
Formed in 1878 that called for social and economic reform; replaced by American Federation of Labor led by Samuel Gompers
Knights of Labor
Formed in 1878- calling for sweeping social and economic reform.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO
Formes in 1949 for the purpose of opposing communist aggression
Federal Government
Forming trade agreements with other nations is a government action restricted to the federal government.
Democratic party
Founded by Andrew Jackson, supported a decentralized government and state rights
- Rich soil - Abundant fishing grounds - Access to freshwater Which of the following actions by European colonists was most affected by these factors?
Founding of settlements
1. Rich soil 2. Abundant fishing grounds 3. Access to freshwater Which of the following actions by European colonists was most affected by these factors? • Creation of new maps • Trading with Native Americans • Founding of settlements • Development of plantations
Founding of settlements
War of 1812
France v British; blockades hurt American trade; Jefferson imposed an embargo against France and Britain; British captured Washington, D.C. and burned down the White House; war ended in 1815 with the Treaty of Ghent which negotiated peace with United States; war made America more self-sufficient with fewer ports
Which rights did Thomas Jefferson believe John Adams violated when he signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law?
Freedom of Press
First Amendment
Freedom of Religion
1st Amendment
Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Freedom of Assembly Freedom to appeal to government for relief
Which of the following rights did Thomas Jefferson believe John Adams violated when he signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law?
Freedom of the press
1st Amendment
Freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly and petition
Which group of colonies were most willing to work with the Native Americans?
French
Which of the conflicts contributed to an agreement between British colonies known as the Albany Plan?
French and Indian War
Which of the following conflicts contributed to an agreement between British colonies known as the Albany Plan? • American Revolution • King Philip's War • French and Indian War • War of 1812
French and Indian War
Wars
French and Indian, American Revolution, US Civil, Spanish American, World War I, World War II, Korean, Vietnam, Persian Gulf, Invasion of Afghanistan, and Invasion of Iraq
Founding Fathers
GBT JSJ P George Washington Ben Franklin Thomas Paine John Adams Samuel Adams James Madison Patrick Henry
Which of the following best defines opportunity cost?
Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item
Which of the following best defines opportunity cost? - Allocating federal taxes to improve the economy • Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item • Having limited resources to produce goods for market • Allocating funds for the manufacture of a specific product
Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item
The Boston Tea Party
Gave the British East India company a monopoly on sales of tea. Colonists throwed tea in the harbor.
19th Amendment (1920)
Gave women the right to vote
Which of the following statements best describes gender role?
Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group
Martin Luther
German theologian who began the Protestant Reformation Wrote the 95 theses
Center Power
Germany and its allies in WWI
WW1
Germany loses war to: United States, England, France. Treaty of Versailles forced germany to pay, reperations 33 billion to its enemies and to give up land. Result: Germany are angry and humiliated.
French Explorers
Giovanni da Verrazano and Ja
Gettysburg Address
Given by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 at the desication of the national cemetery
Gettysburg Address
Given by President Lincoln, during the Civil War, for the dedication of the Soldier's National Cemetery
Articles of confederation
Goal that was clearly expressed was a limit on the power of the national government. States held the most power and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage
Which TWO of the following natural resources were European explorers trying to acquire during the early exploration of North America?
Gold & Silver
Which TWO of the following natural resources were European explorers trying to acquire during the early exploration of North America? • Platinum • Zinc • Gold • Iron • Silver • Ivory
Gold and Sliver
Which of the following officials is the chief executive at the state level of government?
Governor
Which of the following officials is the chief executive at the state level of government? • Ambassador • Governor • Senator • Mayor
Governor
Pre-Civil War North
Greater population more industries more mineral resources better transportation system
- Held the first Olympics - Polytheistic - Practiced direct democracy Which of the following ancient civilizations is described?
Greece
Democracy started where?
Greece
• Held the first Olympics • Polytheistic • Practiced direct democracy What ancient civilizations is described?
Greece
Which of the following best describes how the US democracy differs from democracy in Athens
Greece?,The US elects representatives as oppose to voting on laws directly.
Homer
Greek poet Wrote Illiad and Odyssey
19th amendment
Guarantee women the right to vote
In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed in order to
Guarantee women the right to vote.
Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes were a part of what period in American history?
Harlem Renaissance
Marshes
Have no trees and are always wet because of frequent floods and poor drainage that leaves shallow water.
Swamps
Have trees and dry periods. The water is very slow-moving.
What was Alexander Hamilton's attitude about the Constitution?
He believed Congress had power to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out its duties
Christopher Columbus
He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India
Lincoln-Douglas debates
Held in Illinois Both running for US Senate from Illinois
Lyndon B. Johnson
Held office from1963 to 1969 and was president during the drafting for the Vietnam War.
Which inventor is most associated with the use of the assembly line?
Henry Ford
Which of the following inventors is most associated with the use of the assembly line?
Henry Ford
The Ring of Fire region is best known for which characteristics?
High levels of seismic activity
The Ring of Fire region is best known for which of the following characteristics?
High levels of seismic activity
The Alps
Highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe Stretches across 8 different countries: France, Monaco, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia
What mountain range has Mt. Everest?
Himalaya
Mt. Everest is located where?
Himalayan mountain (Asia)
Mountain range in Asia
Himalayan, Mt Everest, Karakoram and Pamir
What are the main religions in Nepal?
Hinduism & Buddhism
Which of the following are the main religions in Nepal?
Hinduism and Buddhism
Andrew Jackson
His election is considered the beginning of the modern political party system and the start of the Democratic Party. Jeffersonian Democracy, a system governed by middle and upper class educated property holders. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 too natives out of territories that whites wanted to settle, most notably the Trail Of Tears, moved Cherokees to Oklahoma. The issue of nullification, the right to nullify any federal laws they thought unconstitutional.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy, an African American, refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana Law.
Primaries
How a candidate for a political party is selected 1) Open: anyone can vote 2) Closed: only party members can vote for their own candidates 3) Blanket: voters can vote in primaries of both parties; ruled against in 2000
One-third 1/3
How many seats in the senate are up for election every two years
Spatial Organization
How things or people are grouped in a given space anywhere on Earth
Which issue did the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 resolve?
How to account for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government
Which of the following issues did the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 resolve?
How to account for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government
What is Terrance farming?
Humans have adapted to farm on mountain sides
I. Bill of rights II. Articles of confederation III. Declaration of independence IV. US constitution Which of the following correctly orders the above documents starting from the first written?
III, II, IV, I
Which of the following did Thomas Malthus theorize?
If left unchecked, a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war.
Latitude
Imaginary Horizontal line that divides the globe into a grid (360 degrees); Parallels
Longitude
Imaginary Vertical line that divides the globe into a grid (360 degrees); Meridians
Equator
Imaginary circle around the Earth. Runs east to west through South America and Africa and it divides the Northern and Southern Hemisphere
Contour lines
Imaginary lines that join points of equal elevation above sea level on the land surface
What is a ethnic enclave?
Immigrants staying with their own kind when reaching America. Think: Italians go to little Italy, Chinese go to Chinatown
Tariffs
Implement to protect domestic manufacturing but they may result in a weakening of related economic as those countries affected by the purchase of fewer goods
The sugar act
Imposed a tax on foreign molasses, sugar, and other goods imported into the colonis
Martin Luther
In 1517, posted his "Ninety-Five Theses" on the door of a church in Saxony, which criticized unethical practices, various doctrines, and the authority of the pope. Other reformers such as John Calvin and John Wesley soon followed. Consequently, the Lutheran, Reformed, Calvinist, and Presbytarian churches were founded, among others.
Massachusetts
In 1629, 400 Puritans arrived in Salem, which became an important port and was made famous by the witch trials in 1692. Boston was established in 1630 and Harvard University was established in 1636.
Abigail Adams
In 1776, wrote the now-famous "Remember the Ladies" letter to her husband, John, who was serving as the Massachusetts representative to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia
Treaty of Paris
In 1782, it signaled the official end of the war, granted independence to the colonies, and gave them generous territorial rights.
Constitution
In 1787, a convention was called to write a new constitution because the Articles of Confederation did not work. 12 of the 13 states sent delegates (Rhode Island did not participate). This constitution created three branches of government with checks and balances (separation of powers): Executive (the president), Legislative (bicameral congress, which is now known as The House of Representatives and the Senate) , and Judicial (the Supreme Court). The people were worried about the central government having too much power, since they had just been separated from the British.
Louisiana Purchase
In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from Napolean Bonaparte the ruler of France, for $15 million. The land area of the U.S. More than doubled, which included all the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. Jefferson sent Louis and Clarke to map the new territory.
Missouri Compromise
In 1820, there were 11 free states and 11 slave states. The fear of a power imbalance between slave and free states when Missouri petitioned to become a slave state brought about this agreement.
Spanish-American War
In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence - ended with Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam becoming US protectorates.
Berlin Blockade/Airlift
In 1948, Berlin was blocked off by the Soviet Union in order to strangle the Allied forces. In order to combat this, the United States began to airlift supplies into Berlin.
The shot heard round the world
In April, 1775, English soldiers on their way to confiscate arms in Concord passed through Lexington, Massachusetts and met the colonial militia called the Minutemen. A fight ensued. In Concord, a larger group of Minutemen forced the British to retreat.
The Gettysburg Address
In November 1863, President Abraham Lincoln was invited to deliver remarks, which later became known as the Gettysburg Address, at the official dedication ceremony for the National Cemetery of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, on the site of one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of the Civil War.
Scarcity of arable land
In order to compensate for a scarcity of land, farmers in China used cast iron tools, animals to pull plows, irrigation, and water conservation projects to increase efficiency in farm production.
Thomas Hobbes influence on the U.S. Constitution
In the political treatise Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes argued that humans in their natural state (one without a government) live a life that is "nasty, brutish, and short." It is only with mutual consent that people agree to a government system.
A local clothing store offers customers fifty percent off the price of all inventory items. Which of the following economic terms best describes this example?
Incentive
A local clothing store offers customers fifty percent off the price of all inventory items. Which of the following economic terms best describes this example? • Incentive • Production • Consumption • Scarcity
Incentive
Which of the following were impacts of the Child Labor Laws passed in the early 19th century? Check all that apply. -Reduced employment hours -Increased union contributions -Increased adult wages -Reduced factory injuries -Increased school enrollment
Increased adult wages, Reduced factory injuries, Reduced employment hours and increased school enrollment
Which of the following was a major effect of the New Deal in the United States?
Increased federal government spending
Which of the following was a major effect of the New Deal in the United States?
Increased federal government spending after the Great Depression
The New Deal
Increased federal government spending.
What was a major effect of WWII on women and minorities in the US?
Increased opportunities in the workplace
An effect of the interstate highway system on life in the United States?
Increased suburban development
Which of the following describes the effect of the interstate highway system on life in the United States?
Increased suburban development
The establishment of trade centers
Increased taxes on commodities
Which of the following is most associated with the Boston Tea Party? • Impressment of sailors • Quartering of troops in homes • Increased taxes on commodities • Restrictions on due process
Increased taxes on commodities
A significant effect of deforestation in South America.
Increased threats to wildlife habitats
Which of the following describes a significant effect of deforestation in South America?
Increased threats to wildlife habitats
What country received its independence from Great Britain in 1947?
India
Which of the following countries received its independence from Great Britain in 1947?
India
What countries have territorial claims in Kashmir?
India, Pakistan, and China
Which of the following countries have territorial claims in Kashmir?
India, Pakistan, and China
Which of the following is most critical for a historical researcher to consider when reading through resources on individuals being interviewed on the impact of the Great Depression had on the State in 1970?
Individuals don't understand the impact it had on history
Which of the following provides the basic reason for the support of public education in the US?
Informed citizens
What contributed to the growth of factory production in the United States during the early 1800s?
Introduction of new technologies
Which of the following most contributed to the growth of factory production in the United States during the early 1800s?
Introduction of new technologies
Which of the following architectural innovations is attributed to classical Greece?
Ionic Column
Which of the following architectural innovations is attributed to classical Greece? • Aqueduct • Minaret • Ionic column • Flying buttress
Ionic column
Which of the following describes the use of a natural resource in the development of early Mesopotamian society?
Irrigating crops with river water
Which of the following describes the use of a natural resource in the development of early Mesopotamian society? • Irrigating crops with river water • Hunting animals on plateaus • Farming crops on terraced hillsides • Navigating ships on oceans
Irrigating crops with river water
Inflation
Is defined as a sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services. It is measured as an annual percentage increase. As inflation rises, every dollar you own buys a smaller percentage of a good or service.
Marine climate
Is one near or surrounded by water
Humid continental climate
Is one that has four seasons
New England
Is six states of the Northeastern United States: Conneticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont
Renissance
Is the French word for rebirth, and is used to describe the renewal of interest in Ancient Greek and Latin art, literature, and philosophy that began in Florence, Itay, from the 14th and 16th centuries. Included advances in science, education, politics, and art. Paper was important.
Cartography
Is the are and science of mapmaking.
Carrying capacity
Is the maximum, sustained level of use of an environment can incur without sustaining significant environmental deterioration that would eventually lead to environmental destruction.
Rule of law
Is the principle which holds that no person is above the law
Socialization
Is the process by which personality is formed as the result of social influences
Physical geography
Is the study of climate, water, and land and their relationships with each other and humans.
Cultural geography
Is the study of the influence of the environment on human behaviors as well as the effect of human activities such as farming, building settlements, and grazing livestock on the environment.
Opportunity Cost
Is the value of what is forgone when an economic choice is made Saving for a car and forgoing a weekend trip with friends
Naturalization
Is to become a citizen of a country
Emancipation Proclamation
Issued by Lincoln 1862 it declared that all spaces in the rebellious confederate states would be free
Explain the significance of the Suez Canal?
It connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, expediting trade between Europe and Asia.
Which of the following best explains the significance of the Suez Canal?
It connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, expediting trade between Europe and Asia.
Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of Turkey's largest city? • It has a very high altitude. • It has a tropical climate. • It is the country's largest manufacturing center. • It is considered part of Europe and Asia.
It is considered part of Europe and Asia
Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of Turkey's largest city?
It is considered part of Europe and Asia.
Which of the following best describes the difference of the public sector from the private sector?
It is controlled by a political framework
What is the significance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?
It repealed some of the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Erased Louisiana Territory's imaginary line and left it up to the people of the territory: bloodshed and two separate governments
How did USA gain Indiana?
It was an act of congress, signed into law by John Adams. It was the first new territory created from the Northwest territory
Marco Polo
Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China
Petrarch
Italian scholar, writer, and key figure in Northern Italy.
Which of the following is accurate about the geography of Peru
Its coastal region is comprised of desert
What the geography in Peru like?
Its coastal region is comprised of desert.
Which of the following is recognized by three of the world's major religions as a holy city?
Jerusalem
Which of the following is recognized by three of the world's major religions as a holy city? • Mecca • Cairo • Jerusalem • Tehran
Jerusalem
Which of the following presidents expanded the United States space program by establishing the goal of landing astronauts on the Moon?
John F. Kennedy
Which president expanded the United States space program by establishing the goal of landing astronauts on the Moon?
John F. Kennedy
Whom did President John Adams ask to serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? -Aaron Burr -Alexander Hamilton -Thomas Jefferson -John Marshall
John Marshall
Which entrepreneur is most associated with the information revolution that developed in Silicon Valley? A.Malcolm Stevenson Forbes
Jr. B.Thomas Alva Edison C.Alexander Graham Bell D.Steven Paul Jobs,D.Steven Paul Jobs
Which entrepreneur is most associated with the information revolution that developed in Silicon Valley? • Malcolm Stevenson Forbes
Jr. • Thomas Alva Edison • Alexander Graham Bell • Steven Paul Jobs,Steven Paul Jobs
Declaration of Independence
July 4th, 1776; the document that proclaimed independence of the colonies from Great Britain by the 2nd Continental Congress; written by Thomas Jefferson
Proclamation of 1763
King George III; prohibited settlers from crossing West over the Appalachian Mountains; attempt to stop conflicts between settlers and Native Americans
Which of the following would most contribute to an entrepreneur's success?
Labor and Capital
Which of the following would most contribute to an entrepreneur's success? • Tariffs and exports • Labor and exports • Capital and tariffs • Labor and capital
Labor and capital
The Great Lakes
Lake Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.
Categories of production factors
Land labor capital Factors of production exist in the market and are bought and sold in the market.
3 factors of production
Land, Labor and Capital
Mountains
Landforms with rather steep slopes at least 2,000 feet or move above sea level
Landform
Landscape feature or geomorphological unit (e.g. hills, plateaus, mountains, deserts, canyons, deltas, valleys) categorized according to elevation, slope, orientation and stratification
Oceans
Largest bodies of water on Earth (cover 71% of Earth's surface); 5 major oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern
Latitude Longitude
Latitude: Horizontal line, North and South of the equator Longitude: Vertical, East and West of the prime meridian Used to find exact location on a map.
Which of the following topics is most related to the Roman "Twelve Tables"?
Law
Which of the following topics is most related to the Roman "Twelve Tables"? • Art • Architecture • Philosophy • Law
Law
Which of the following beliefs did the ancient greeks and the modern US share?
Laws are critical to ensure societies remain stable
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that separated whites and blacks in public areas so African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, education and government
The Napoleonic Code was a:
Legal system
Branches of the Government
Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch
Vernacular Regions
Less formally defined areas that are formed by people perception
Scarcity
Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln's speech to honor fallen soldiers "We the people"
Kush Civilization
Lived in egypt hunters fishers herded cattle gathered grain 2nd oldest civilization in Africa
Renewable Resource
Living resource which can restock themselve if they are not over harvested
Southern Hemisphere
Located between South Pole and the equator. Contains all of Australia and Antarctica, part of Asia, Africa, and South America
Northern Hemisphere
Located between the North Pole and the equator . Contains all of the Europe, North America, and part South America, Africa, and Asia
Western Hemisphere
Located between the north and South Pole
Eastern Hemisphere
Located between the north and south poles
Tundra or taiga
Located in high latitudes arae of Russia , Europe, and Canada
Subtropical Climate
Located in north and south tropics areas of Japan, China, Australia, Africa, South America and the United States
Steppe or prairie
Located in the interiors of the large continents like Asia and North America
Marine Climate
Located in western Europe, British Isles, the Pacific Northwest of the United State, western Canada, and southeastern Australia
Which of the following best describes the prime meridian?
Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres
Which of the following best describes the prime meridian? • Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres • Line of latitude that divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres • Longitude line that demarcates the change of the calendar day • Line of latitude that marks the most northerly point on a map
Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres
Basin
Low area drained by rivers or low spots in mountains
Basins
Low area drained by rivers or low spots in mountains
Which of the following actions would a government most likely take to encourage economic growth?
Lowering interest rates
Which of the following actions would a government most likely take to encourage economic growth? • Lowering interest rates • Raising income taxes • Increasing federal regulations • Decreasing federal spending
Lowering interest rates
Characteristics of a delta
Lowlands area Fertile land Crop-growing area
Which president was during 1965?
Lyndon B. Johnson
14th Amendment
Made all persons born in the country U.S. Citizens
Brandenburg Gate Speech
Made by Ronald Reagan in 1987, contained the famous line "tear down this wall."
What best explains the economic depression Germany experienced following the First World War?
Mandatory reparations caused massive inflation in the country.
Which of the following best explains the economic depression Germany experienced following the First World War?
Mandatory reparations caused massive inflation in the country.
Tensions between US and Mexico after Texas settlement
Manifest Destiny was the motive for settling the Southwest Mexican gov owed debts to US for property damages during the struggle for independence from Spain Mexico hadn't paid war debts
Manifest Destiny
Many believe that the US was defined to secure territory from sea to sea, this rational drive the acquisition of territory
The Second Continental Congress
Many delegates reconmended and accepted the final draft of the Declaration of Independence
Settlement of Texas
Many new settlers took slaves with them Slavery was outlawed in Mexico Many of the new settlers were southerners
Which colony was established as a haven for English Catholics?
Maryland
Which of the following colonies was established as a haven for English Catholics?
Maryland
Normalization
Means to make normal
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Means to produce a body. It is a court order to a person holding someone in custody to bring the imprisoned individual to the court issuing the order.
Seas
Mediterranean, Sea of Japan, Arabian, black, red, east China, south China, Caribbean, Bering, Gulf of Mexico, sea of okhotsk, andaman and Hudson Bay
Constitutional Convention
Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States.
Which of the following events took place as a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 ?
Members of the Cherokee Nation were forced to move to the western United States
What event took place as a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
Members of the Cherokee Nation were forced to move to the western United States.
Which of the following countries did the United States come into conflict with as a result of the annexation of the Republic of Texas?
Mexico
Which of the following countries did the United States come into conflict with as a result of the annexation of the Republic of Texas? • Mexico • France • Canada • Spain
Mexico
The war btw Mexico and USA started because of why?
Mexico believed Texas ended at the Nueces River where USA claimed Texas needs at the Rio Grande.
Which of the following is best described as the study of individual economic behavior?
Microeconomics
Which of the following is best described as the study of individual economic behavior? • Microeconomics • Macroeconomics • Social economics • Institutional economics
Microeconomics
Causes for World War I
Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Military Alliance
Miranda V. Arizona
Miranda rights- never given a full and effective warning of his rights
Major Rivers
Mississippi:flows from North Western Minnesota to New Orleans. 3rd largest in the world. Largest in the US Amazon: Largest river in the world by volume Mackenzie: Longest in Canada. 2nd longest in US
Rivers in United States
Missouri, Mississippi, Colorado, niagara, rio grande, st Lawrence
Market Socialism
Mixed economic system that uses both market and planning
What time zone is located between California and Texas?
Mountain
Which of the following time zones is located between California and Texas?
Mountain
What are straits?
Narrow body of water connecting two land masses Think: Russia and Alaska with the Bering strait
Who led the only effective slave rebellion?
Nat Turner
Trail of Tears
Native Americans were forcibly removed from their land and made to march in the winter to reservations in Oklahoma
Nonrenewable Resource
Natural resource that cannot be revenerated in the same proportion in which they are used
Natural Resources
Naturally occurring substance considered valuable in their natural form
Which of the following individuals helped end the system of apartheid in South Africa? • Mohandas Gandhi • Mother Teresa • Nelson Mandela • The Dalai Lama
Nelson Mandela
Who was the president of South Africa?
Nelson Mandela
Middle Atlantic Colonies
New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland
Rivers in Africa
Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi,
Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote?
Nineteenth
Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution extended the right to vote to women?
Nineteenth Amendment
Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution extended the right to vote to women? • Eighteenth Amendment • Nineteenth Amendment • Twentieth Amendment • Twenty-First Amendment
Nineteenth Amendment
Which of the following statements is consistent with the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and helped to influence the writing of the United States Constitution?
No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order.
Seven continents
North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, and Antartica.
Cardinal Directions
North West, North East, South West, and South East
What are Cardinal directions?
North, South, East, West
Poles
North: 90 degrees North latitude South: 90 degrees South latitude
In which of the following regions is Islam the predominant religion?
Northern Africa
What region is Islam the predominant religion?
Northern Africa
Mapp V. Ohio
Occurred in Cleveland, Ohio when police entered Mapp's home without a search warrant violating her 4th Amendment rights Search warrant, evidence unlawfully, 4th amendment
Black Thursday
Oct 24 1929 the day stock market crashes and 13 million shares sold
Truman Doctrine
Offered military aid to countries in danger of communist upheaval
Assembly line
On December 1, 1913, Henry Ford installs the first moving assembly line for the mass production of an entire automobile. His innovation reduced the time it took to build a car from more than 12 hours to two hours and 30 minutes.
The Boston Tea Party
On December 6, 1773, the Sons of Liberty dressed as Mohawks, dumped tea into the harbor from a British Ship to protest the tea tax
Treaty Of Versailles
One of the peace treaties at the end of WWI. It ended the state war between Germany and Allied Powers. Signed on June 28, 1919. War Guilt.
Ramon can spend his time creating calligraphy cards or baking muffins. He chooses to bake muffins. Which of the following economic terms best describes the calligraphy cards in this scenario?
Opportunity Cost
Ramon can spend his time creating calligraphy cards or baking muffins. He chooses to bake muffins. Which of the following economic terms best describes the calligraphy cards in this scenario? • Scarce resource • Production cost • Opportunity cost • Factor of production
Opportunity cost
Middle Ages
Or Medieval Times, was a period that ran Between the 5th and 15th centuries. *Early: started at the collapse at the Roman Empire -Roman Catholicism was the cultural and religious center, extending into politics and economics *High: population growth and many technological advances. Universities were established. -Feudalism, peasants would live on a lord's land and work in exchange for food and shelter. -The Crusades, wars between European Christians and the Middle Eastern Muslims, raged over the Holy Lands -Charles the Great, or Charlemenge, created an empire across France and Germany around 800 A.D. *Late: The Black Death plague swept across Europe from 1347 to 1350, leaving between one third and one half the population dead. Heiracy *Followed by the Renissance
Prairie climates
Or steppe regions, are dry flatlands (receive 10 to 20 inches of water per year)
Which of the following organizations was most responsible for the increased tensions over the shortage of a natural resource during the 1970s?
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
Which of the following organizations was most responsible for the increased tensions over the shortage of a natural resource during the 1970s? • World Customs Organization • Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries • World Trade Organization • North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
Which of the following actions is considered primarily a duty of local governments?
Organizing school systems
Which of the following actions is considered primarily a duty of local governments? • Negotiating with foreign leaders • Organizing school systems • Printing paper currency • Establishing border security
Organizing school systems
Traditional Market
Original economic system which traditions, customs, and beliefs, shape goods and services the economy produces. Relies on hunting, fishing, agriculture.
What contributed to a decline in the prices of farm goods in the late-nineteenth-century United States?
Overproduction of agricultural products
Which of the following contributed to a decline in the prices of farm goods in the late-nineteenth-century United States?
Overproduction of agricultural products
5 oceans
Pacific, Atlantic, Indians, Arctic, and Antartica
India after WW2 got what 2 countries?
Pakistan and ?
Which of the following countries have territorial claims in Kashmir? A.India
Pakistan, and China B.Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran C.Iran, Iraq, and Russia D.Russia, China, and India,A. India, Pakistan, and China The countries of India, Pakistan, and China are in a triangular conflict in Kashmir because all three countries make territorial claims in Kashmir.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Passed during Progressivism Period First "trust-busting" legislation to pass Congress
What is the "Day that will live in Infamy?
Pearl Harbor: December 7th 1941
Which colony had the highest proportion of German settlers during the colonial period?
Pennsylvania
100%
Percent of the seats in the United States House of Representatives are up for election every two years
Populism
Philosopy concerned with the commin sense needs of average people
Which of the following best describes why the Amazon Basin is considered a region?
Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River
Which of the following best describes why the Amazon Basin is considered a region? • The tributaries of the Amazon River drain into the Atlantic Ocean. • The indigenous people living in the Amazon rain forest speak the same language. • Seasonal rainfall in the Amazon rain forest is consistent throughout the year. • Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.
Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.
Stamp act
Placed a tax on newspaper, legal documents, licenses, almanacs, and playig cards. This was the first instance of internal tax on the colonies. The colonist formed as secret group called the Sons of Liberty and started riots against the agents who collected the taxs
The Townshend Acts
Placed taxes on lead, glass, paint, paper, and tea
Factions
Political parties in Britain
Manifest Destiny
Popular belief during 1840s- right and duty of the US to expand westward to the pacific.
Cultural Features of Geographic Locations
Population Density: the number of people living in each square mile/kilometer of a place (divide population by area) Religion: dominant religions of a place (Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Shinto, Taoism, Confucianism) Languages: official language of a place; 12 major language families; Indo-European family is spoken over the widest geographic area
A change from a direct democracy to a representative democracy is best undertaken when:
Population increases
19th Century Immigration Trends
Population of the US was doubled between 1860-1890; immigrants lived in the North in cities and slums; 1880s: Immigrants came from Italy, Poland, Hungary, Greece, Jewish groups from central and Eastern Europe; Roman Catholicism was on the rise
Federal System
Power is divided between the National and State governments
Delegated Powers in the Constitution
Powers granted by the Constitution 1) Expressed/Enumerated: specific 2) Inherent: powers the National governments have historically possessed 3) Implied: not expressly stated; reasonably suggested 4) Reserved: powers that belong to the states 5) Exclusive: reserved to the national government 6) Concurrent: powers that are shared by national and state governments
Tenth Amendment
Powers not mentioned in the Constitution shall be retained by the states or the people
Meteorological
Presents information about weather and climate
Thematic
Presents specific information related to a geographic area, such as the location of natural resources
Who must be 35 years old and a citizen for 14 years?
President
New Deal
President Franklin D. Roosevelt series of domestic programs enacted in the US between 1933-1938 due to the effect of the The Great Depression on 1929
Monroe Doctrine
President James Monroe in 1823; foreign policy that warned European powers to cease colonization of Central and South America or face military intervention by United States; United States would not meddle in political affairs or standing colonies of Europe
Monroe Doctrine
President James Monroe. An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers
Landing on the moon
President John F. Kennedy announced this goal in 1960, the first year of his presidency. It expanded the U.S. space program.
Emancipation Proclamation
President Lincoln issued the proclamation freeing all slaves in Rebel states. Gave North a new moral purpose for war.
Executive Branch
President, VP, Federal Government Largest Branch of government
open primary
Primary election in which any voter, regardless of party, may vote.
Capitalism
Production privately owned Free Market determines prices Profit goes to owners/investors of business US Economic System
1920's
Progressive Era has ended, conservative themes gain dominance, culture clash between new ideas and traditional values is evident, booming economy and stock market, stock market crash in 1929
Currency Act
Prohibited colonists from issuing paper money
The proclamation act
Prohibited english settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains to appease the Native Americans
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
The currency act
Prohibiteds colonial government from issuing paper money
8th Amendment
Protection against cruel and unusual punishment
4th Amendment
Protection against illegal search and seizure
3rd Amendment
Protection against quartering soldiers
Fourth Amendment
Protects against unreasonable search and seizure
Fourth Amendment
Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures
9th Amendment
Protects rights not enumerated in the constitution
Which of the following objectives is expressly stated in the preamble to the Constitution?
Providing for the common defense and establishing justice
Which of the following objectives is expressly stated in the preamble to the Constitution? • Providing for the common defense and establishing political parties • Providing for the common defense and establishing justice • Insuring domestic tranquility and establishing voting procedures • Promoting the general welfare and establishing political parties
Providing for the common defense and establishing justice
American Abolition Movement
Radical efforts under the direction of William Lloyd Garrison (The Liberator - leading anti-slavery newspaper) that worked to get rid of slavery; created sectional differences as most abolitionists were from the North
Which of the following is a shared power between state and federal governments? • Making treaties with nations • Appointing local judges • Raising taxes • Passing city ordinances
Raising Taxes
Which of the following is a shared power between state and federal governments?
Raising taxes
Cardinal Traits
Rare traits
Bill of Rights
Ratified in 1791
Renaissance
Re-birth from 14th-16th centuries; renewal of interest in ancient Greek and Latin art, literature and philosophy that occurred in Europe (Italy); time of great scientific inquiry, the rise of individualism, secular values and geographical exploration
Renaissance
Rebirth of art, culture, and intellect started in Italy
Business Cycle
Recovery Prosperity Recession Depression
Absolute Location
Refers to a specific point such as 123 main street
Checks and balances
Refers to the constitutional arrangement of powers that prevents one branch of the government from becoming too powerful
Separation of powers
Refers to the division of power among the three branches of the United States government
Political location
Refers to the divisions within continents that designate various countries. These divisions are made with borders, which are set according to boudary lines arrived at by legal agreements.
Physical location
Refers to the placement of the hemispheres and the continents
Relative Location
Refers to the surroundinf geography
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
Repealed the Missouri Compromise, and starting the Republican Party.
Article 231 of Treaty of Versailles
Required that Germany's accepts the responsibility of Germany and allies for causing all the loss and damage... War Guilt
5th Amendment
Right to a fair and speedy trial
Sixth Amendment
Right to a trial by jury
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
5th Amendment
Right to due process; protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy
Second Amendment
Right to keep and bear arms
7th Amendment
Right to trial by jury in civil cases
6th Amendment
Rights to a speedy trial by jury, to hear accusations and confront the accuser, to witness and to counsel
Use of a natural resource in ancient Mesopotamia to develop an early civilization?
Rivers for irrigation
Physical characteristics
Rivers, mountains, deserts
End of Civil War: Battle of Appomattox Courthouse
Robert E. Lee Surrenders April 9, 1865 Final engagement of Confederate Army general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the union Army under Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant.
Recognized as the end of the Civil War
Robert E. Lee's surrender at the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse.
What event is recognized as the end of the American Civil War?
Robert E. Lee's surrender at the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse.
Mountain range in North America
Rocky Mountain, Appalachians
What characteristics best describes the New England colonies?
Rocky terrain and cold winters
Which of the following characteristics best describes the New England colonies?
Rocky terrain and cold winters
Dictatorship
Rule by an individual or small group of individuals
In which of the following nations did the conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi take place?
Rwanda
What nation did the conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi take place?
Rwanda
Colonization of Massachusetts
Salem became a port for Puritans; Roger Williams banished in 1636 after calling for separation of church and state
When was The Battle of Yorktown?
Sep 28, 1781 - Oct 19, 1781
Women's jobs in the 20th century EXCEPT:
Servant
House of Representatives
Serve for two years and can serve as many terms as they are elected to with no term limits 435 members, based on population
Senators
Serve terms of six years each with no term limits 100, 2 per state
What was the purpose of the article of confederation?
Set up first government for newly independent United States
Which of the following best explains the importance of the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955?
Showed the effectiveness of direct, nonviolent resistance
Political
Shows boundaries of countries, states, and municipalities
Topographic
Shows the physical features of the land
Treaty of Versailles
Signed at the end World War I. Article 231, required that "Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments . . . have been subjected as a consequence of . . . the aggression of Germany and her allies."
Which of the following is a responsibility of the executive branch?
Signing proposed bills into law
What did the United States Supreme Court conclude in its 1857 ruling on the Dred Scott case?
Slaves had no legal right to sue for their freedom.
Seas
Smaller than Oceans and somewhat surrounded by land; Examples: Mediterranean, Baltic, Caspian, Coral and Caribbean
Example of Direct Assistance
Social Security.
Castes
Social classes in the ancient Indian class system
Cold War
Soviet Union kept control of Eastern Europe spreading Communism around the world, led to: 1) The Truman Doctrine: 1947; policy designed to protect free peoples everywhere against oppression 2) Marshall Plan: 1948; $12 billion went to rebuilding Western Europe and strengthening its defenses 3) Organization of American States: 1948; bolstered democratic relations in the Americas 4) Berlin Blockade: 1948-49; Soviets tried to starve out West Berlin so US air dropped supplies 5) North Atlantic Treaty Organization: 1949; Formed to militarily link the US and Western Europe so an attack on one was an attack on both 6) Korean War: 1950-1953; This divided the country into the communist North and democratic South 7) The McCarthy Era: 1950-54; Senator McCarthy of Wisconsin held hearings on supposed Communist conspiracies that ruined innocent reputations and led to the blacklisting of suspected sympathizers in the government/media
The destruction of the USSU S S Maine led to the start of which of the following events?
Spanish-American War
Which of the following events resulted in the United States gaining control of the Philippines?
Spanish-American War
Which of the following events resulted in the United States gaining control of the Philippines? • The Vietnam War • World War I • The Korean War • Spanish-American War
Spanish-American War
Which act placed the first internal tax on the colonists?
Stamp Act: 1765
Industrial Revolution
Started in England in the 19th century, with the first cotton mill in 1733. The steel industry grew exponentially. Found coal could be used instead of wood. The steam engine, which revolutionized transportation and work power. Around 1830, society changed from agrarian to urban. A need for cheap, unskilled labor resulted in the extensive employment and abuse of women and children, who worked up to 14 hours a day, six days a week in deplorable conditions. Societies enacted child labor laws and created labor unions to protect the safety of workers.
The state of Rhode Island can be best used for measuring which of the following?
State of Texas
Truman Doctrine (1947)
Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by communism.
Which TWO factors contributed to the failure of the Articles of Confederation?
States printed local currencies The federal government was unable to force laws
Which TWO factors contributed to the failure of the Articles of Confederation? • Congress abused its power to tax. • Congress overregulated foreign trade. • States printed local currencies. • The executive branch abused its power to negotiate treaties. • The federal government was unable to enforce laws.
States printed local currencies AND The federal government was unable to enforce laws.
Which of the following best describes how the farming techniques used by the Inca developed?
Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms.
Which of the following best describes how the farming techniques used by the Inca developed? • Vast plains resulted in pastoral farming. • Annual flooding resulted in the development of commercial farms. • Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms. • Lack of rainfall resulted in dry farming.
Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms.
Which entrepreneur is most associated with the information revolution that developed in Silicon Valley?
Steven Paul Jobs
Strait and Why are straits important?
Strait: narrow body of water between two land masses Important because: Whoever controls a strait is likely to control the sea and shipping routes of entire region. They are also difficult to navigate.
Individuals who lead and supported the Chinese Revolution of 1949 broke mainly with the Chinese past in their:
Stress on class conflict, science, and materialism
Rocky Mountains
Stretch some 3,000 miles from British Columbia and Alberta in Canada through Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and down to New Mexico in the U.S.
Which of the following is the best example of how humans impact topography?
Strip-mining an area for minerals
Which of the following is the best example of how humans impact topography? • Using technology to predict earthquakes • Mapping a local river system • Strip-mining an area for minerals • Migrating from rural to urban areas
Strip-mining an area for minerals
Cultural Geography
Studies the locations, characteristics, and influence of the physical environment on different cultures around the Earth
Dawes Act
Supposed to Americanize native Americans by encouraging them in desire to own property and to farm reservation land distributed to their families
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court: interprets the constitution, acts as a check to other branches 11 Federal Court Districts under the Supreme Court
Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution was used to justify segregation?
Tenth
Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution was used to justify segregation? • Tenth • Sixth • Fifth • Third
Tenth
What does "Manifest Destiny" mean?
Territorial and Westward Expansion
Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787
The 3/5 Compromise was a result of a debate within the Continental Congress about apportioning taxes based on population or land value. 3/5 of a state's slaves were counted in terms of congressional representation, presidential electors, and direct taxes
What war was the Battle of Yorktown?
The American Revolution
• Boston Tea Party • Boston Massacre • Intolerable Acts The actions listed contributed to which major event?
The American Revolution
Which of the following describes one outcome of the Battle of Saratoga?
The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.
Which of the following describes one outcome of the Battle of Saratoga? • The British government gave the colonists equal representation in Parliament. • The colonists formed a military alliance with Mexico against the British. • The battle immediately led to the surrender of all British forces in the American colonies. • The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.
The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.
Which of the following physical features provided a natural barrier against the growth of British colonies in North America?
The Appalachian Mountains
Which physical feature provided a natural barrier against the growth of British colonies in North America?
The Appalachian Mountains
Provided a natural barrier against the growth of British colonies in North America?
The Appalachian Mountains The British did not establish colonies west of the Appalachian Mountains. In addition, the British tried to discourage settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains by issuing the Royal Proclamation of 1763.
Which of the following documents was the initial attempt by the American colonists to establish an independent government?
The Articles of Confederation
Which of the following documents was the initial attempt by the American colonists to establish an independent government? • The Bill of Rights • The Articles of Confederation • The Declaration of Independence • The Constitution of the United States
The Articles of Confederation
Which event is recognized as the end of the American Civil War?
The Battle of Appomattox Court House
Which of the following events is recognized as the end of the American Civil War?
The Battle of Appomattox Court House
What caused Russia to withdraw from the First World War?
The Bolshevik Revolution started.
Which of the following reasons explains why Russia withdrew from the First World War?
The Bolshevik Revolution started.
British did not settle to the West of which mountain range
The British did not establish colonies west of the Appalachian Mountains. In addition, the British tried to discourage settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains by issuing the Royal Proclamation of 1763.
Which of the following events most contributed to the start of the American Revolution?
The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War
Which of the following events most contributed to the start of the American Revolution? • The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War • The blockade of the American colonies by the British navy • The drafting of the Constitution by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia • The commissioning of George Washington as commander of the Continental army
The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War.
Mountain range in Australia
The Cascades
Which of the following actions contained a controversial fugitive slave provision? • The Compromise of 1850 • The Missouri Compromise • The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 • The Three-Fifths Compromise
The Compromise of 1850
and no situation can ever change my fixed resolution...." King George III Which of the following is most related to the topic discussed in this excerpt?
The Declaration of Independence
and no situation can ever change my fixed resolution...." King George III Which of the following is most related to the topic discussed in this excerpt? • The Declaration of Independence • The Louisiana Purchase • The Constitution of the United States • The Treaty of Paris of 1763
The Declaration of Independence
Which of the following was written to raise public support for the ratification of the United States Constitution?
The Federalist Papers
Which of the following was written to raise public support for the ratification of the United States Constitution? • The South Carolina Exposition • The Articles of Confederation • The Virginia Declaration of Rights • The Federalist Papers
The Federalist Papers
Which TWO of the following locations are the best examples of how human interaction can affect the environment?
The Hoover Dam Mount Rushmore
Which TWO of the following locations are the best examples of how human interaction can affect the environment? • The Grand Canyon • The Hoover Dam • Niagara Falls • Grand Teton • Mount Rushmore
The Hoover Dam AND Mount Rushmore
- Availability of abundant natural resources - Federal laws enacted to protect property rights - Extensive patent laws passed Which of the following developments was made possible as a result of the factors listed above?
The Industrial Revolution
1. Availability of abundant natural resources 2. Federal laws enacted to protect property rights 3. Extensive patent laws passed Which of the following developments was made possible as a result of the factors listed above? • The Great Depression • The Great Awakening • The Industrial Revolution • The Great Recession
The Industrial Revolution
The series of acts British Parliament passed in 1774 in reaction to the Boston Tea Party came to be known in the American colonies as the Intolerable Acts.
The Intolerable Acts
League of Nations
The League of Nations was founded in 1920, as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended World War I. Proposed by Woodrow Willson.
Which of the following doubled the size of the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase
Which of the following doubled the size of the United States? • The Gadsden Purchase • The Louisiana Purchase • The annexation of Texas • The cession of Florida
The Louisiana Purchase
Which of the following events had the greatest impact on the size of the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase
Which of the following best explains why the expansion of the American colonies was limited under British rule?
The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west
Why was the expansion of the American colonies was limited under British rule?
The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west.
The Great Depression
The Stock Market Crash (Black Tuesday) in October, 1929 destroyed fortunes and dramatized the downward spiral of the whole economy(Herbert Hoover was President). By 1933, 14 million were unemployed, industrial production was down to one-third of its 1929 level, and the national income had dropped in half.
Which of the following accurately compares two ancient civilizations?
The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics
Marybury v. Madison
The Supreme Court announced for the first time the principle that a court may declare an act of Congress void if it is inconsistent with the Constitution.
Which of the following is associated with the relocation of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma? • The Dawes Act • The Adams-Onis Treaty • The Trail of Tears • The Great Migration
The Tail of Tears
Which of the following exemplifies the Constitution's federalist structure?
The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments
Which of the following is associated with the relocation of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma?
The Trail of Tears
WW2 ended in the Pacific theater when? -Mao Zedong became the Communist leader of China -The U.S. began its "island-hopping" campaign. -Japan surrendered to the U.S. Navy -The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and later on Nagasaki
The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and later on Nagasaki
Panama Canal
The United States ( Theodore Roosevelt) built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. 1903-1914
The Great Depression
The United States resumed its prosperous industrial growth after WWI but the industrial profits and stock market investmenta skyrocketed to a crashes, the economic plummed into a high unemployment
Which of the following is one governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation?
The ability to negotiate with foreign governments
Which of the following is one governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation? • The creation of an equitable system of taxation • The ability to negotiate with foreign governments • The establishment of a powerful executive branch • The establishment of a system of national courts
The ability to negotiate with foreign governments
What is one governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation?
The ability to negotiate with foreign governments.
Comparative Advantage
The ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producer
Why was the Proclamation Act opposed?
The act prohibited English settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains. (Purpose: to appease Native Americans)
Sumerians
The ancient civilization that invented the wheel
What best describes the historical settlement of the present-day United States?
The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast
Which of the following statements best describes the historical settlement of the present-day United States? • European powers cooperated with one another to colonize new territories. • The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast. • Internal migration was discouraged by local government officials. • Large groups of Native Americans were assimilated into European
The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast.
Which of the following factors most increased cultural diversity within the United States during the early nineteenth century?
The arrival of European immigrants in urban areas
Which factor most increased cultural diversity within the United States during the early nineteenth century?
The arrival of European immigrants in urban areas.
Cartography
The art and science of mapmaking; maps of local areas were drawn by Egyptians as early as 1300BC and Greeks made maps of the known world in 6th century BC Steps: 1) Survey: selecting key sites for benchmarks for measurements; 2) Compile Info and Computer Draft a Map Based on Collected Data; 3) Reproduce/Print
Climate
The average weather or daily weather conditions for a specific region over a long period of time
Which of the following statements is correct about the Battles of Lexington and Concord?
The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain
Which of the following statements is correct about the Battles of Lexington and Concord? • The battles convinced the French to aid the Continental army. • General Washington crossed the Potomac to engage in the battles. • The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain. • General Cornwallis agreed to surrender after the battles.
The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain.
Absolute Advantage
The capability to produce more of a given product using less of a given resource
What is an effect of the Gulf Stream?
The climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.
Which of the following is an effect of the Gulf Stream?
The climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.
Which of the following was a reaction by the American public to tensions created by the Cold War?
The construction of private bomb shelters
Which of the following was a reaction by the American public to tensions created by the Cold War? • A decline in entrepreneurship • The mass migration of minorities to rural areas • The construction of private bomb shelters • A reduction in consumer spending
The construction of private bomb shelters
Which of the following best characterizes a resource as scarce?
The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available
Which of the following best characterizes a resource as scarce? • The production of the resource exceeds the demand for it. • The resource is renewable. • The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available. • The government subsidizes the resource
The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available.
Interest Rates
The cost of borrowing money
Federalist Papers
The debates of the Congress and the concerns of the foundinf fathers were made available to the people of the nation in order to win popular support for the new proposed Constitution
Which event was the context for the Gettysburg Address?
The dedication of a national cemetery during the American Civil War
Which of the following events was the context for the Gettysburg Address?
The dedication of a national cemetery during the American Civil War
Federalism
The division of power between a central government and constituent governments, called states in the United States
Seasons
The earth is closer to the sun during parts of elliptical orbit than at other times, and due to the earths tilt and rotation about its axis we have different seasons on earths
Cyclical unemployment
The economy experience many ups and downs. When the economy enters a recession
Which of the following elements is contained in the United States Constitution but not in the Articles of Confederation?
The establishment of an executive branch
Which of the following elements is contained in the United States Constitution but not in the Articles of Confederation? • A process to propose and approve amendments • The power for Congress to declare war • The establishment of an executive branch • A unicameral legislative structure
The establishment of an executive branch.
What contributed most to the expansion of the Roman Empire under Emperor Augustus?
The establishment of an organized military system
Which of the following most contributed to the expansion of the Roman Empire under Emperor Augustus?
The establishment of an organized military system
Which of the following changes would most likely occur in a community with high rates of immigration?
The establishment of new cultural festivals
Which of the following changes would most likely occur in a community with high rates of immigration? • The reduction of small business revenues • A decline in religious observances • The establishment of new cultural festivals • An increase in zoning regulations
The establishment of new cultural festivals
What contributed to the development of both ancient China and Rome?
The establishment of trade centers
Which of the following contributed to the development of both ancient China and Rome?
The establishment of trade centers
What is most responsible for changing the cultural landscape of the American West in the late nineteenth century?
The expansion of the railroad
Which of the following is most responsible for changing the cultural landscape of the American West in the late nineteenth century?
The expansion of the railroad
The Revolutionary War
The fight between Britain and the American colonies in which the colonies gained their independence. From 1775 to 1783, the American colonies fought Britain.
The Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments of the Constitution approved at the same time after the Constitution was ratified
Command economies
The government makes all of the decisions regarding the production. And distribution of goods and services
Third Amendment
The government may not house soldiers in private homes without consent of the owner (or no quartering of soldiers)
Cultural Identity
The identification of individuals or groups as they are influenced by their belonging to a particular group or culture
Which event most contributed to Southern states seceding from the Union?
The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
Which of the following events most contributed to Southern states seceding from the Union?
The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
What event most contributed to Southern states seceding from the Union?
The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln. Southerners opposed Lincoln gaining the presidency because he favored the Northern delegates regulating trade and expressed views against slavery.
Input market
The market in which factors of production or resources are bought and sold
Output markets
The markets in which goods and services are sold
Market
The mechanism that brings buyers and seller in contact with each other so that they can buy and sell
What region has the greatest frequency of tornadoes?
The midwestern United States
Which of the following regions has the greatest frequency of tornadoes?
The midwestern United States
"Bleeding Kansas"
The name applied to the state when a civil war broke out between pro- and anti- slavery advocates while Kansas was trying to formalize its statutes before being admitted as a state
Frictional unemployment
The normal turnover in the labor market and the time it takes for workers to find new jobs
Which of the following best describes the opportunity cost of a good?
The number of other goods sacrificed to obtain another unit of that good.
Which of the following best describes how the increasing popularity of automobiles transformed the United States during the early twentieth century?
The number of roads that were paved increased
Which of the following best describes how the increasing popularity of automobiles transformed the United States during the early twentieth century? • The percentage of people who lived in rural areas increased. • The number of roads that were paved increased. • The percentage of minorities who voted increased. • The number of mass transit systems that were built increased.
The number of roads that were paved increased.
Which of the following was a major impact of WWI?
The onset of economic depression in America
Centrally Planned Economy
The opposite of the market economy, the means of production are publicly owned with little if any private ownership
Equilibrium Price
The overlap of the buying decisions of buyers with the selling decision of sellers
Which of the following is a key component in determining the economic growth of a country?
The per capita national output
What is a key component in determining the economic growth of a country?
The per capita national output.
Tenth Amendment
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
U.S. Involvement in the First World War
The practice of unrestricted submarine warfare on civilian vessels like the Lusitania continued after the Zimmerman Telegram and was a major reason behind the United States declaration of war against Germany.
Popular sovereignty
The principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the agreement of its people.
Assimilation
The process by which a person or a group language/culture comes to resemble those of another group
What is a pure market economy?
The producers and consumers can make their own economic decision (Think flea market)
Gentrification
The restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class. This resulted in the displacement of lower income people.
Nullification
The right of states to nullify any Federal laws they thought were unconstitutional; tariffs
Which of the following rights is most characteristic of a democracy?
The right to participate in the electoral process
Which of the following rights is most characteristic of a democracy? • The right to achieve financial security • The right to worship in a government church • The right to participate in the electoral process • The right to a publicly funded education
The right to participate in the electoral process
The Cold War 1945-1991
The rivalry between the US (capitalism and Democracy) and the USSR (Communism and Totalitarianism) ended in 1991 when Russia adapted the US way.
Anthropology
The scientific atudy of human culture and humanity the relationship between humans and their cultures
Which of the following is a difference in the way a democratic and authoritarian government operates?
The selection of government leaders
Division of labor
The separation of tasks in any economic system so that individuals may specialize and effectively contribute to society.
Which of the following statements best describes gender role?
The set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group
Which of the following events contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
The sinking of a United States battleship
Which of the following events contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War? • Interception of the Zimmermann telegram • Bombing of a United States naval base • A naval confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin • The sinking of a United States battleship
The sinking of a United States battleship
Cultural diffusion
The spread of cultural items from one central point to another
Cultural diffusion
The spreading out of culture, culture traits, or a cultural pattern from a certain point.
Physical Geography
The study of climate, water and land and their relationships with each other and humans; locates and identifies the Earth's surface features and explores how humans thrive
Geomorphology
The study of landforms, also known as physiography
Geomorphology/Physiography
The study of landforms; a science that considers the relationships between geological structures and surface landscape features; studies the processes that change these features (e.g. erosion, deposition, plate tectonics) and biological factors
Geography
The study of the Earth feature including the study of livinf things as it pertains to their location the relationships of these location with each other and what impact these have on the world
Cultural Geography
The study of the influence of the environment on human behaviors and the effect of human activities
WWI
The use of Submarine Warfare in the Atlantic. Major reason US declared war on Germany.
Which of the following actions led to Unites States involvement in the First World War?
The use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic
Which actions led to Unites States involvement in the First World War?
The use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic.
Culture
The way of life of a group of people including not only art, music, and literature but beliefs, customs, languages, traditions and inventions
Which of the following best describes President Woodrow Wilson's main justification for the entry of the United States into World War I?
The world needed to be made safe for democracy
Which of the following best describes President Woodrow Wilson's main justification for the entry of the United States into World War I? • The threat of communism around the world needed to be eliminated. • The world needed to be made safe for democracy. • The Allied Powers demanded that war reparations be paid by Germany. • The Central Powers launched an attack against a United States naval base.
The world needed to be made safe for democracy.
U S Constitution
The written document that describe and defines the system and structure of the U S government
20th century president who loved the environment
Theodore Roosevelt
Which President was closely associated with the environment?
Theodore Roosevelt
Which of the following is true of the effect of high tariffs on an economy in the long run?
They benefit some groups at the expense of others
The effect of high tariffs on an economy in the long run.
They benefit some groups at the expense of others.
Which of the following statements best describes indentured servants during the American colonial period?
They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed.
Which of the following statements best describes indentured servants during the American colonial period? • They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed. • They consisted primarily of young women and children. • The majority served in wealthy homes in the northern colonies. • They paid higher taxes to offset the cost of their trip to the Americas.
They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed.
Which U.S. President was responsible for sending Lewis & Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory?
Thomas Jefferson
Who spurred the formation of the first political parties in the newly created USA?
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton
Which of the following best describes why a democratic government regulates the economy? • To guarantee fair elections • To protect civil rights • To provide federal jobs • To ensure financial stability
To ensure financial stability
Which of the following describes the primary purpose of cross-cultural comparisons?
To identify traits shared between cultures
Which of the following describes the primary reason for the establishment of time zones in the United States? • To create uniform borders between states • To align all cities with the prime meridian • To improve the efficiency of transportation • To maintain physical national boundaries
To improve the efficiency of transportation
Which of the following best explains why Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan used deficit spending?
To stimulate weak economics
Which of the following best explains why Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan used deficit spending? • To stimulate weak economies • To regulate financial markets • To promote territorial expansion • To prevent racial inequality
To stimulate weak economies
Which of the following best describes a reasonable application of how geography can be used to interpret the past?
To understand how the discovery of gold affected the development of California
Which of the following is considered a right of United States citizenship? • To obey laws • To serve on a jury • To worship freely • To pay income taxes
To worship freely
During the era of classical civilizations this drove interaction between the Roman and Han empires
Trade in luxury goods.
Secondary Traits
Traits that appear only in certain contexts or situations
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions- President James Madison approved in 1815
What is the 7th amendment?
Trial by jury
Climate zones
Tropical, dry, temperate, continental, and polar are the five different types.
What fraction of the Senate must vote to impeached the President?
Two thirds
Example of Commodity Money
U.S. 50- cent piece.
15th Amendment (1870)
U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed
Thomas Jefferson
U.S. president that was responsible for sending Lewis & Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory.
Which country is known as the breadbasket of Europe?
Ukraine
The Sherman Act
Unfair competition, made corporate officers liable for the illegal actions actions of employees and exempted labor unions from antitrust lawsuit
Draining of the Everglades has been done primarily for:
Urban development
An effective method for a farmer to use to minimize the effects of a drought.
Using drip irrigation
Which of the following is the most effective method for a farmer to use to minimize the effects of a drought?
Using drip irrigation
Physical Features of Geographic Locations
Vegetation Zones/Biomes - forests, grasslands, deserts and tundra Climate (the long-term average weather conditions of a place) Zones - tropical, dry, temperate, continental and polar
Southern Colonies
Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
What are the most common geological threats to the country of Mexico?
Volcanoes & Earthquakes
Which of the following are the most common geological threats to the country of Mexico?
Volcanoes and earthquakes
Which of the following is a responsibility of a citizen of the United States?
Volunteering in a community
Which of the following is a responsibility of a citizen of the United States? • Participating in a protest • Starting a business • Attending a university • Volunteering in a community
Volunteering in a community
What is required for an individual to cast a ballot in any federal election in the United States?
Voter Registration
Which of the following is required for an individual to cast a ballot in any federal election in the United States?
Voter registration
The Cold War was after what war?
WW2
3/5 compromise
Was a result of a debate within the continental congress about apportioning taxes based on population or land value. 3/5 of states slaves were counted in terms of congressional representation, presidential electors, and direct taxes
Roger Williams
Was banished from Massachusetts in 1636 because he called for a separation of church and state. He established Rhode Island colony in 1647 and had 800 settlers by 1650.
Delaware
Was first colonized by the Swedish, then taken over by the Dutch, and then the English. It was the first state to ratify the constitution.
Knights of Labor
Was formed in 1878, because of the exploitation of immigrant workers and calling for sweeping social and economic reform. Eventually, this organization was replaced by the American Federation of Labor, headed by Samuel Gompers
Emancipation Proclamation
Was issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
Bleeding Kansas
Was the name applied to the state when the Civil War broke out between pro- and anti-slavery advocates while Kansas was trying to formalize its statutes before admitting as a state.
Articles of Confederation
We're the first attempt to establish of independent government. Designed to protect states' rights over those of the national government and sent to the colonies for ratification in 1777 and went into effect on March 1, 1778, had two major elements that proved unworkable. First, there was no centralized national government. Second, there was no centeralized power to tax or regulate trade with other nations, or between states. With no national tax, the Revolution was financed by printing more and more money, which caused inflation.
The Cascades
Western North America Extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California
Marshes and Swamps
Wet lowlands providing growth of such plants as rushes and reeds
The origins of the Cold War can be linked to US-Soviet Union differences regarding which of the following postwar questions?
What form of government should be implemented in Eastern Europe?
Pacific Ocean
What ocean covers almost one-third of the entire surface of the Earth and separates North and South America from Asia and Australia
The New Deal
When President Franklin Roosevelt took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to try and stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering. Over the next eight years, the government instituted a series of experimental projects and programs, known collectively as the New Deal, that aimed to restore some measure of dignity and prosperity to many Americans. More than that, Roosevelt's New Deal permanently changed the federal government's relationship to the U.S. populace.
Human-Environmental Interaction
When humans change to adapt to surroundings humans modifying environment humans acting based on environment
Atlantic and Pacific
Which oceans does the Panama Canal connect?
Pennsylvania
William Pen received a royal charter for establishing Pensnylvania as a colony for Quakers. It had the highest proportion of German settlers during the colonial period.
Which of the following helped many homesteaders to establish farms on the Great Plains during the 1800seighteen hundreds?
Windmills to pump water for irrigation
What helped many homesteaders to establish farms on the Great Plains during the 1800s?
Windmills to pump water for irrigation.
Which of the following best describes one result of the introduction of robotics into manufacturing centers?
Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs.
Which of the following best describes one result of the introduction of robotics into manufacturing centers? • Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs. • Additional assembly-line workers will be needed to work in automated factories. • The price of goods created through automation will increase. • Additional management personnel will be needed to make decisions about production levels.
Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs.
The Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson was signed on July 4, 1776
Aztecs
a Native American culture known for its complex temples and pyramids and it cultivation of maize.
Earth's Rotation
a complete rotation equals 24 hours
Tropic of Capricorn
a line of latitude about 23 degrees South of the equator
Enlightenment
a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly
Appalachian Mountains effect
a physical feature that provided a natural barrier against the growth of British Colonies in North America.
Which of the following did Thomas Malthus theorize? A.An increase in population will stimulate society to increase food production. B.If left unchecked
a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war. C.Overpopulation can lead to unsuitable farming practices that may degrade the land. D.Optimum population is achieved when the number of people working with available resources produces the highest economic return, resulting in the highest standard of living.,B. If left unchecked, a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war. According to Malthus, if allowed to grow unchecked, a population would outstrip its available resources, resulting in what came to be known as Malthusian catastrophes: naturally occurring checks on population growth such as famine, disease, and war.
If left unchecked
a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war.,Thomas Malthus Theory
What prompted Mormons to migrate to Salt Lake
a region of the West they believed that other pioneers did not want? -They hoped to discover mineral resources. -They hoped to acquire land valuable to the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. -They wanted to dodge the draft. -They wanted to avoid religious persecution.,-They wanted to avoid religious persecution
Ogliarchy
a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.
Command Market
a system where the gov't rather than free market determines what goods that should be produced, at how much and price at which goods will offered for sale.
blanket primary
a voting process in which voters receive a long ballot containing the names of all contenders, regardless of party, and can vote however they choose
Socialism
a way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government rather than by individual people and companies.
"...a Firm League of Friendship with each other
against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them..." (1781) Which of the following documents outlines the objectives referred to in this excerpt? A.The Declaration of Independence B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Mayflower Compact D.The Bill of Rights,B.The Articles of Confederation
"...a Firm League of Friendship with each other
against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them..." (1781) Which of the following documents outlines the objectives referred to in this excerpt?,The Articles of Confederation
"...a Firm League of Friendship with each other
against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them..." (1781) Which of the following documents outlines the objectives referred to in this excerpt? • The Declaration of Independence • The Articles of Confederation • The Mayflower Compact • The Bill of Rights,The Articles of Confederation
Missouri Compromise
agreement by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter the Union as a free state.
between the prime meridian east to the international date line. Consist most of Europe and Africa
all of Australia and Asia
13th Amendment
amendment that outlawed slavery.
Capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Laissez-Faire economic policy
an economic theory that strongly opposed any government intervention in business affairs. "let it be economics"
Baltic Sea
an extension of the Atlantic Ocean in northern Europe that is connected with the North Sea
they had no rights
and couldn't sue for their freedom
Which of the following accurately compares two ancient civilizations? A.The Egyptians and Aztecs both practiced monotheistic religions. B.The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform
and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics. C.The Phoenicians traded mostly by land routes, and the Chinese traded mostly by sea routes. D.The Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations lacked reliable sources of water.,B. The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics. The form of writing used by the Sumerians was cuneiform, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics.
"With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it
and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." United States president, 1823 Which of the following is most associated with this speech? A.Monroe Doctrine B.Roosevelt Corollary C.Louisiana Purchase D.Missouri Compromise,A.Monroe Doctrine
"With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it
and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." United States president, 1823 Which of the following is most associated with this speech?,Monroe Doctrine
With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it
and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." United States president, 1823 Which of the following is most associated with this speech? • Monroe Doctrine • Roosevelt Corollary • Louisiana Purchase • Missouri Compromise,Monroe Doctrine
Political Map
are designed to show gov't boundaries of countries, states, counties, location of cities (think of a map one would see inside of a classroom)
Gender Roles
are social and behavioral norms that determine how males and females speak, think, dress, and interact within society
Agricultural/ settled and nomadic
are two basic types of cultural types that have developed throughout history in relation to the physical environment.
Tariffs
are usually implemented to protect domestic manufacturing, but they may result in a weakening of related economies as those countries affected by the tariff purchase fewer goods. For example, the Tariff of 1828, while designed to protect northern manufacturing, reduced British imports of cotton from the southern United States thereby damaging the southern economy
Delta
area of lowlands formed by soil and sediment deposited at the mouths of rivers
Thomas Hobbs influence on the U.S. Constitution
argued that humans in their natural state (without government) live a life that is "nasty, brutish, and short." it is only with mutual consent that people agree to government systems.
What caused the United States government to abandon the Gold Standard during The Great Depression? -Banks were collecting gold to sell for profit. -Citizens were demanding gold in exchange for dollars. -Gold was owed to several other countries as debt. -There was a shortage of Gold
as the miners had over-excavated California's gold mines.,-Citizens were demanding gold in exchange for dollars.
Communism
autocracy government (1 person all power)
Communism
autocracy government (1 person all power) that controls economy
Which quotation from the US Constitution provides for a limited federal government? -The powers not delegated to the United States... are reserved to the states... -he shall have power... with the advice and consent of the Senate... and shall appoint..." -Every bill... shall
before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States... -Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state,"The powers not delegated to the United States... are reserved to the states...
Cold War
began after WWII fall of soviet union ended cold war US tried to control spread of communism
Mapp v Ohio
can not enter a home without a search warrant.
Legislative Branch
can override presidential vetoes, can declare war
14th Amendment
cannot deny citizens of rights.
Which of the following regions is the vast
cold, dry region of eastern Russia? A.Beringia B.Siberia C.The Ural Mountains D.The Baltic coast,B. Siberia Siberia is the vast Russian province encompassing most of Northern Asia with extremely cold winters and low precipitation.
Which of the following regions is the vast
cold, dry region of eastern Russia? • Beringia • Siberia • The Ural Mountains • The Baltic coast,Siberia
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race
color, or previous condition of servitude." Which of the following amendments to the Constitution contains this text?,Fifteenth
Imperialism
countries obtained colonies throughout the world to bolster the nation's economies
Panama Canal 1907
created a faster way to ship goods from the atlantic to the pacific ocean.
Sumerians
created cuneiform writing
Which of the following statements best describes gender role? • Gender role is the sex group (male or female) to which the individual belongs. • Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group. • Gender role consists of actions taken by individuals to eliminate gender stereotypes. • Gender role consists of fixed
culturally invariant expectations for each sex group.,Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group.
An original economic system in which traditions
customs, and beliefs help shape the goods and the services the economy produces, as well as the rules and manner of their distribution. Countries that use this type of economic system are often rural and farm-based.,Traditional Economy
An economic system in which both the private enterprise and a degree of state monopoly (usually in public services
defense, infrastructure, and basic industries) coexist. All modern economies are mixed where the means of production are shared between the private and public sectors. Also called dual economy.,Mixed Economy
Law of Supply
demonstrates the quantities that will be sold at a certain price. shows the relationship of an upward slope. the higher the price the higher the quantity supplied.
Constitution
describes and defines the organization of gov for US
Increased suburban development
describes the effect of the interstate highway system on life in the U.S.
Industrial Revolution
development of new weaving/ ironworking, vast expansion/improvement in roads/waterways, greatly increased prosperity and political power in the middle class.
Saddam Hussein
dictator of iraq
Generation Gap
differences of outlook of opinion between people of different generations.
developed irrigation through the use of canals
dikes, and devices of raising water
17th Amendment
direct elections by the people.
Non-market economy
doesn't use markets
Articles of Confederation
each state is its own nation. written to give the colonies some sense of unified government. The government was weak. Need a new constitution.
Anarchism
elimination of all government Replace with cooperative community of people
Ancient Mesopotamia
emerged as one of the early river valley civilizations through the use of river water for irrigating crops, which produced sufficient surplus of food to support the first cities.
Where buyers and sellers can make the deals they wish to make without any interference
except by the forces of demand and supply. A stockmarket comes closest to this ideal. See also market economy and open market.,Free Market
Which of the following best explains the significance of the Suez Canal? A.It is an important shipping gateway in Europe linking the North Sea to the Black Sea. B.It connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
expediting trade between North America, South America, and Asia. C.It is an important shipping route connecting the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. D.It connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, expediting trade between Europe and Asia.,D. It connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, expediting trade between Europe and Asia. The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, providing the shortest maritime route between Europe and the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean.
Acculturation
explains the process of cultural change and psychological change that results from following meeting between cultures
"The Conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution
expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added." (1789) Which of the following documents resolved the issue described by this excerpt? A.The Federalist papers B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Annals of Congress D.The Bill of Rights,D.The Bill of Rights
"The Conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution
expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added." (1789) Which of the following documents resolved the issue described by this excerpt? • The Federalist papers • The Articles of Confederation • The Annals of Congress • The Bill of Rights,The Bill of Rights
Arctic Ocean
extends from north America and europe to the north pole
people should have political power
favored a strong state government and agriculture
Leif Ericson & the Vikings
first non-native people to explore the North American mainland.
- Founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England - Engaged in farming
fishing, and whaling - Led by John Winthrop Which of the following American colonies does the information describe?,Massachusetts
-Founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England -Engaged in farming
fishing, and whaling -Led by John Winthrop Which of the following American colonies does the information describe? A.Georgia B.Virginia C.Massachusetts D.Pennsylvania,C. Massachusetts Led by John Winthrop, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded by colonists who were escaping religious persecution in England and whose livelihoods in the new colony primarily consisted of farming, fishing, and whaling.
• Founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England • Engaged in farming
fishing, and whaling • Led by John Winthrop Which American colony does the information describe?,Massachusetts
"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law
for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. . . . Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Earl Warren, chief justice of the United States Supreme Court Which court cases did this ruling overturn?,Plessy v. Ferguson
"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law
for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. . . . Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Earl Warren, chief justice of the United States Supreme Court Which of the following court cases did this ruling overturn?,Plessy vversus. Ferguson
"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law
for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. . . . Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Earl Warren, chief justice of the United States Supreme Court Which of the following court cases did this ruling overturn? A.Plessy v. Ferguson B.Regents of the University of California v. Bakke C.Dred Scott v. Sandford D.Korematsu v.United States,A. Plessy v. Ferguson The Brown vversus. Board of Education ruling overturned the Plessy vversus. Ferguson ruling, declaring "separate but equal" to be unconstitutional.
Events Leading to the American Revolution
forced quartering of British soldiers, excessive tariffs, and the intolerable acts.
Trail of Tears
forced the relocation of the Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma.
4 Vegetation Zones
forest, grasslands, deserts, & tundra.
15th Amendment
gave the right to vote to 18+
Location
geography divided into relative and absolute location
Gettysburg Address
given by President Lincoln, during the civil war, for the dedication of the soldier's at national cemetery.
Enslaved people who lived in areas still in the rebellion
group was declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation.
Cultural modification of an individual
group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture the acculturation of immigrants to American life
In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed in order to
guarantee women the right to vote
Executive Branch
headed by the president. carries out federal laws and recommends new ones, directs national defense and foreign policy and performs ceremonial duties. powers= directing government, vetoing laws,
Judicial Branch
headed by the supreme court. powers-interpreting constitution, reviewing laws, decided cases involving states rights.
Congressional Elections
held every two years on the first Tuesday in November
Latitude
horizontal mapping lines on earth known as parallels because they run parallel to the equator.
Which of the following views of the globe includes the region in which Japan is located?
https://practice.ets.org/iptmgr/disp?loc=images/map3.png
Law of Demand
if all other factors remain the equal, the higher the price of a good, the less people will demand that good. the higher the price the lower the quantity demanded. downward slope
We the People of the United States
in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America
"When
in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.",The opening of the Declaration of Independence
During the late nineteenth century
in what way did churches in the United States respond to the social problems resulting from the industrialism of the previous decades?,They built and maintained mission schools, orphanages, and homes for the aged.
A land deal between the United States and France
in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.,The Louisiana Purchase
Great Depression
income disparity between classes, large debt increases, the decline of agriculture, cost of goods decreased because of overproduction and under consumption.
Afganistan
invaded by US after 9/11
Caste System
is a class structure that is determine by birth. So if your parents are poor, you are. If your parents are rich, you are. Children inherit caste of their father. Rare for a rich man to marry a poor women back in times.
Straight
is a narrow body of water that connects 2 larger bodies of water. whoever owns a this is likely to control the sea and shipping routes of entire region.
Time zone
is a region that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Each hour of time is equivalent to 15 degrees of longitude.
Inflation
is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in a n economy over a period of time.
The Gulf Stream
is a warm ocean current that flows in the western North Atlantic, originating at the tip of Florida, traveling along the American coastline and splitting into the North Atlantic Drift that crosses to Northern Europe.
Mixed Economy
is an economic system that is variously defined as containing a mixture of markets and economic planning, in which both the private sector and state direct the economy
United Nations
is an intergovernmental organization established 1945 to promote international cooperation.
Jamestown
is considered the 1st permanent British settlement in North America.
The Speaker of the House
is considered the presiding officer of the House of Representatives.
Magna Carta
is generally considered the most important limiting the power of kings and influencing the development of democracy.
Renewable Resource
is one that we can cultivate and/or produce from an infinite resource. (wind, water, solar,) *not oil /coal etc.
Voter Registration
is required for an individual to cast a ballot in any federal election in the U.S.
Simony
is the act of selling church offices and roles.
Political Efficacy
is the citizens' faith and trust in government and their belief that they can understand and influence political affairs.
Elevation
is the height and depth above or below a baseline.
Drip Irrigation
is the most effective method for a farmer to use to minimize the effects of a drought.
Voter Turnout
is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election.
Culture Shock
is the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country, a move between social environments, or simply travel to another type of life.
Socialization
is the process through which we learn or are trained to be members of society to take part in new social situations, or to participate in group settings.
Cultural Diffusion
is the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.
Cultural diffusion
is the spread of cultural items (ideas, fashion, technology, etc.) from one central point to another.
Cultural Diffusion
is the spread of cultural items from one central point to another. Example: the Russian people's interest in acquiring and wearing American blue jeans.
Thematic Map
is used to illustrate a single idea or theme.
Non-Renewable Resource
is what we have and use that cannot be reproduced. (coal, metals, oil)
U.S. Constitution v. the Articles of Confederation
it provided a strong central government and federal taxation.
Pythagoras
laid foundations for geometry
Which of the following exemplifies the Constitution's federalist structure? A. The separation of powers among the executive
legislative, and judicial branches B. The Full Faith and Credit clause of Article IV of the Constitution C. The Supremacy clause of Article VI of the Constitution D. The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments,D. The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments
Which of the following exemplifies the Constitution's federalist structure? • The separation of powers among the executive
legislative, and judicial branches • The Full Faith and Credit clause of Article IV of the Constitution • The Supremacy clause of Article VI of the Constitution • The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments,The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments.
5 themes of geography
location, place, human environment, movement, regions.
13th Amendment (1865)
made slavery illegal
Sons of Liberty
made up of colonists
Mexican American War
marked the 1st U.S. armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil. it pitted a politically divided and militarily unprepared Mexico against expansionists-minded administration of U.S. President James K. Polk, who in manifest destiny.
1990s
marked the fall of the soviet union
Free Market
market based economy, where prices for goods and services are free-set by forces of supply & demand, without intervention by government policy.
Input market
market where factors of production are bought and sold
Natural Resources
materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.
Sketch Map
might be created to help students recall relative locations and sizes of places.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds
South's military v Norths during the Civil War
more experienced military leadership.
The central bank of the United States. It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer
more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.,Federal Reserve
Continental Divide
mountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of a continent
River
nation's lifeblood because they begin as small streams, flow into lager bodies of water, serve as transportation systems, and have many tributaries
Topography
natural and artificial features of an area
Monarchy
non-elected heredity ruler
This is not considered a renewable resource
oil
Atlantic Ocean
one half the size of the pacific
Fascism
one-party state with centralized political control
Scarcity of Resources
only a limited amount of resources available to produce the unlimited amount of goods and services we desire. You must make a choice.
Decline of farm goods in the 19th c. U.S.
overproduction of agricultural products, improved farming methods and increases in farm land acreage resulted in overproduction of agricultural goods. Supply surpassed consumer demand resulting in a sharp decline in prices.
Jamaica
part of the land bridge of middle america island nation of the west indies
Direct Democracy
people vote on everything
Following the Civil War
poll taxes were primarily used in the South to deny access to what?,Voting
Following the Civil War
poll taxes were primarily used in the South to deny access to which of the following? A.Voting B.Public education C.Employment D.Military service,A. Voting Poll taxes were passed to deny many African Americans the right to vote.
Following the Civil War
poll taxes were primarily used in the South to deny access to which of the following?,Voting
Which of the following best explains how intensive agriculture
poor irrigation practices, and overgrazing have affected the environment? A.They have contributed to the desertification of areas. B.They have increased the potential for droughts to occur. C.They have prevented deforestation from occurring in tropical regions. D.They have caused carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere to decline.,A. They have contributed to the desertification of areas. Human activities that contribute to desertification include the expansion and intensive use of agricultural lands, poor irrigation practices, deforestation, and overgrazing. These practices place enormous pressure on the land by changing its soil chemistry and hydrology. Overexploited lands suffer from erosion, soil salinization, loss of productivity, and decreased resilience to climatic variations.
Which of the following best explains how intensive agriculture
poor irrigation practices, and overgrazing have affected the environment? • They have contributed to the desertification of areas. • They have increased the potential for droughts to occur. • They have prevented deforestation from occurring in tropical regions. • They have caused carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere to decline.,They have contributed to the desertification of areas.
Which of the following best explains how intensive agriculture
poor irrigation practices, and overgrazing have affected the environment?,They have contributed to the desertification of areas
Pre-Civil War South
possessed more confidence excellent military officers men were more familiar with living and working in outdoors larger land area
Partisanship
prejudice in favor of a particular cause
the reasons were for jobs
prejudice, crop failures
John F. Kennedy
president that expanded the U.S. space program by establishing the goal of landing astronauts on the moon.
Theodore Roosevelt
president who promoted wildlife conservation.
Check & Balances
principle under government which separates branches are empower to prevent actions by others and share power.
Checks and Balances
principle under government which separates branches are empower to prevent actions by others and share power.
Albany Plan of Union
proposed as a peaceful resolution with Great Britain by establishing a unified form of government within the colonies proposed by Benjamin Franklin
Truman Doctrine
provided political, military, & economic assistance to democratic nations threatened by authoritarian forces and governments, including Greece and Turkey.
At the outbreak of both WWI and WWII in Europe
public opinion in the US generally favored which of the following?,Remaining neutral
Absolute location
refers to a specific point
Cultural Adaptation
refers to the process and time it takes a person to assimilate to a new culture
Settlement Pattern
relates to distances between cities, towns, and villages
21st Amendment
repealed prhibition
Securities Act
required companies that sold stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors
Factor of production
resource that is bought and sold
Resources: Renewable
resources that can be replenish (animals and plants)
Resources: Non-Renewable
resources that can only be used in one supply (minerals, oils, gases)
Resources: Flow/Natural
resources that must be used when, where, and as they occur (water, sunlight, wind)
Articles of Confederation
result of the first attempt of the newly independent states to reach a new understanding among themselves
Second Amendment
right to bear arms
1920s
rise of prosperity in the U.S. led to the emergence of American Consumerism. Due to technical advances and innovative ideas and inventions in the areas of communication, transportation and manufacturing.
Patrick Henry
said the famous words "give me liberty or give me death" at the Virginia Convention in 1775.
In all economic system
scarcity imposes limitations on?,Households, governments, business firms, and the nation as a whole
Brown v. Board of Education
segregation of public schools was unconstitutional
Plessy v. Ferguson
separate but equal
Toppgraphic Map
show the natural and human made surface features of earth include mountain elevations, rivers, roads, names of lakes, towns, and country/state lines.
Relief Map
shows the topography of a region. A mental map is constructed by the student.
Which of the following is an important provision of the Treaty of Versailles
signed at the end of the First World War? A. Germany maintained control of Alsace-Lorraine. B. Germany's colonial territories achieved independence and were admitted to the League of Nations. C. Germany had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a "war guilt" clause. D. Russia and the United States agreed to participate in peacekeeping operations under the control of the League of Nations.,C. Germany had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a "war guilt" clause.
What is an important provision of the Treaty of Versailles
signed at the end of the First World War?,Germany had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a "war guilt" clause.
Which of the following is an important provision of the Treaty of Versailles
signed at the end of the First World War?,Germany had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a "war guilt" clause.
Which of the following describes the compromise over slavery that the delegates agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention? A.Delegates agreed on how slaves would be counted in the census. B.People in a territory could vote on whether slavery would be permitted. C.Once a territory became a state
slavery would not be permitted. D.The government agreed to use federal troops to capture escaped slaves.,A. Delegates agreed on how slaves would be counted in the census. During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the northern and southern states debated how slaves should be counted when determining a state's total population. A state's population determined the number of representatives per state. A compromise was reached where each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person. This measure was called the Three-Fifths Compromise.
Dred Scott Case
slaves had no legal right to sue for their freedom. Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled all blacks-slaves as well as free blacks- were not and could never become citizens of the U.S. therefore they had no legal right to sue in federal courts.
3/5 Compromise
slaves would count as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of determining representation. effective until after the Civil War and the 13th amendment.
Socialism
state takes guiding role in national economy provides extensive social services
Ninth Amendment
states that people's rights are not limited to just those listed in the Constitution.
Which early civilization crest roads
statues, and arches?,Romans
Encouraging African Americans to fight for the Union
strengthening the Union militarily, and shifting the focus of the war to freedom for all are linked to which of the following?,The Emancipation Proclamation
Rocky Mountains
stretch some 3000 miles from British Columbia and Alberta in Canada through Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and down to New Mexico in the U.S.. the range offers dramatic wilderness, diverse wildlife, and alpine lakes.
Geomorphology
study of landforms
Relative location
surrounding geography
Appalachian Mountains
system of mountains located in eastern North America.
State of the Union Address
talks about all of the major issues which the nation is dealing with currently. The reasoning behind this address is to be able to alert the people as to what is on the agenda for the upcoming year and what has happened already.
Romans
taught us about aqueducts and roadways.
Causes of WW1
tension over the competition for colonies, ethnic groups such as Poles and Czechs hoping for nations of their own, and the assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
Monroe Doctrine
that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is potentially hostile act against the U.S.
Appomattox Court House
the Civil War came to a close when General Lee surrendered here at the end of battle.
Cultural Diversity
the EXISTENCE of a variety of cultures or ethnic groups within society
Which resource would be most useful to a researcher who is studying the significance of the Suez Canal
the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar? A. A table with currency exchange rates between the United States and European countries B. A map of the countries located between the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea C. A bar graph showing the number of democratic nations in the Middle East D. A diary entry describing a traveler's encounters along the Silk Road,B. A map of the countries located between the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea
What resource would be most useful to a researcher who is studying the significance of the Suez Canal
the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar?,A map of the countries located between the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea.
In the latter part of the 19th century
the US agricultural business in the Midwest started to transform from a market system of small family farms to one dominated by large commercialized farms. This change is mostly due to:,The technological advances in railroad transportation
After WWII
the US had a program that provided money, supplies, and machinery to assist European counties in rebuilding. What was the program called?,Marshall Plan
Comparative Advantage
the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity, such as making a specific product more efficiently than another activity. (Think Apple making an iPod and Microsoft trying to make Apple's same exact iPod)
1 governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation
the ability to negotiate with foreign governments.
Command Economy
the allocation of resources, labor, and capital are determined by the government which also sets prices. the government makes all of the decisions regarding the production and distribution of goods and services. Example: Cuba-Communist
Supply and Demand
the amount of commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it. Supply Up, Price Down....Supply Down, Price Up
To better understand the impact of ancient Greece on the historical development of Western civilization
the best resources to examine are related to:,Origins of the Renaissance
I. Federal reserve bank system is made up of 12 regional banks
the board of governors of the federal reserve systems, and the federal open market committee. II. Federal reserve banks are located in SF, Atlanta, and Kansas City. III. Federal reserve bank functions are to issue new currency, hold deposits for the banks in their districts, and open the payments network. Of the above, which of the following is/are accurate?,I, II, and III
Excutive branch
the branch of government that carries out laws- President, Vice Present & Cabinet
Gold Rush 1800s
the cause of people migrating to California in the 1800s.
Effect of the Gulf Stream
the climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.
Congress
the constitution grants them the ability to declare war.
Opportunity Cost
the cost of doing one thing is the value of what else you could be doing.
Declaration of Independence
the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain
When national output rises
the economy is said to be in...,An expansion
An agricultural town experiences a drought and is not able to produce as many crops as it typically does. As a result
the farmers are unable to provide grocery stores the amount of products they had promised. What economic situations does the scenario create?,Scarcity
An agricultural town experiences a drought and is not able to produce as many crops as it typically does. As a result
the farmers are unable to provide grocery stores the amount of products they had promised. Which of the following economic situations does the scenario create? A.Competition B.Scarcity C.Opportunity cost D.Absolute advantage,B. Scarcity Scarcity is a situation where resources are limited. In this example, the crops are limited because of the drought.
In 1811
the federal government funded construction of which of the following aimed at western expansion?,The National Road
Command economies
the government makes all of the decisions regarding the production and distribution of goods and services
International Date Line
the half way point at 180th meridian serves as a place where each day begins and ends on earth.
Equilibrium price
the overlap of the buying decisions of buyers with the selling decisions of the sellers.
Sixth Amendment
the right: to a speedy and public trial to trial by an impartial jury to be informed of criminal charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in court to assistance of counsel[111]
Cultural Diffusion
the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.
Gross National Product
the total value of goods and services produced by a country during a year
Rivers for irrigation
the use of a natural resource in ancient Mesopotamia to develop an early civilization.
Cultural Evolution
theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time.
centrally planned economy
there is little, if any, private ownership. planning authority makes decisions
"I am of the opinion that when once these rebels have felt a smart blow
they will submit
The effect of the Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
this contributed to the Southern states seceding from the Union. They opposed this main because he favored Northern delegates regulating trade and expressed views against slavery.
and it was very moving on this occasion
to see and hear their cries at parting." Which of the following eighteenth-century practices is described by this narrative? A.Imperialism B.Mercantilism C.Chattel slavery D.Indentured servitude,C.Chattel slavery
and it was very moving on this occasion
to see and hear their cries at parting." Which of the following eighteenth-century practices is described by this narrative?,Chattel Slavery
and it was very moving on this occasion
to see and hear their cries at parting." Which of the following eighteenth-century practices is described by this narrative? • Imperialism • Mercantilism • Chattel slavery • Indentured servitude,Chattel slavery
5 types of climate zones
tropical, temperature, continental, polar, & dry.
market economy
uses supply and demand to answer economic questions
Responsibility of a U.S. Citizen
volunteering in the community.
The Cold War
was a long period of tension between the democracies of the western world and the communist countries of eastern Europe. the 2 countries never declared war on each other, they fought indirectly in proxy wars, the arms race, and space race.
Great Awakening
was a spiritual renewal that swept the American Colonies, particularly New England, during the 18th c. adopted an approach which was characterized by great fervor and emotion in prayer.
Silk Road
was a system of trade routes established during the Han Dynasty that stretched from China through India to Egypt, and eventually to the Roman Empire.
Revolutionary War
was fought from 1775-1783 know as the war for independence began with the confrontation between British troops and local militia at Lexington and Concord Mass.
Ancient Greece
was two major cities: Athens and Sparta -Athens was democratic, luxurious, celebrated the individual over the group, and they were leaders in philosophy, arts, and architecture. -Sarta was a class system, devoted to agriculture and military, military was mandatory, and stressed group over the individual. *The Peridian Age (5th century B.C.) was known for Socrates (philosophy), Hippocrates (medicine), and great dramatic works. *The Hellenistic Age (4th century B.C.) was known for Alexander the Great and the spreading of the Greek culture.
During the Great Depression
what TWO actions did the American government take in an attempt to prevent economic collapse? -Restricted educational opportunities for immigrants. -Limited the income earned by laborers. -Reformed the sale of stocks -Regulated the stock market,Reformed the sale of stocks AND Regulated the stock market
Demand
what buyers will purchase
If the House and the Senate have different versions of the law
what happens to the bill?,Both the House and the Senate appoint conferees to work out a compromise. This committee is called a "conference" committee.
During the era of classical civilizations
what primarily drove interaction between the Roman and Han empires?,Trade in Luxury Goods
Balanced Economy
when the government spends as much money on the budget as it gains.
The U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that African Americans
whether enslaved or free, were not citizens of the United States and therefore did not have the right to sue in federal court.,Dred Scott v. Sandford
Under international law
which of the following is a violation of human rights?,A prisoner arrested is not allowed to communicate with family members
Based on the illustration on the back
which of the following pairs best describes the relative amount of precipitation and temperature variation for the areas west and east of the mountain range? Areas West & Areas East A. More precipitation & More-moderate temperatures B. More precipitation & More-extreme temperatures C. Less precipitation & More-moderate temperatures D. Less precipitation & More-extreme temperatures,scroll for answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. More precipitation & More-extreme temperatures
During the era of classical civilizations
which of the following primarily drove interaction between the Roman and Han empires? A. Religious conversion B. Trade in luxury goods C. Common interest in Daoism D. Geopolitical rivalry,B. Trade in luxury goods
During the era of classical civilizations
which of the following primarily drove interaction between the Roman and Han empires?,Trade in luxury goods
Which of the following statements is consistent with the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and helped to influence the writing of the United States Constitution? A. The power to govern was a divine right granted to kings by God
which people were obliged to accept. B. The power to govern was endowed in individuals who organized a government and decreed communal ownership of the means of production. C. No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order. D. Government is an evil and corrupting influence and should be replaced by a utopian society based on free will.,C. No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order.
Which of the following statements is consistent with the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and helped to influence the writing of the United States Constitution? • The power to govern was a divine right granted to kings by God
which people were obliged to accept. • The power to govern was endowed in individuals who organized a government and decreed communal ownership of the means of production. • No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order. • Government is an evil and corrupting influence and should be replaced by a utopian society based on free will.,No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order.
In WWII
which two cities were destroyed by atomic bombs before Japan agreed to surrender?,Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Roe v. Wade
woman have the right to have an abortion
