FINAL Praxis 5004 Prep

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Communism

classless, stateless social organization

Which of the following regions is the vast

cold, dry region of eastern Russia?,Siberia

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race

color, or previous condition of servitude." Which of the following amendments to the Constitution contains this text? A.Thirteenth B.Fourteenth C.Fifteenth D.Nineteenth,C. Fifteenth The Fifteenth Amendment granted the right to vote to all male citizens.

Gender Role

consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group.

Julius Caesar

consul of rome during 1st center BCE became dictator

Greeks

contributed the alphabet that was derived from phoenicians, which formed the bases for the Roman alphabet attitude about sports and physically sound body led to olympics remembered for city-states

Introduction of new technologies

contributed to the growth of factory production in the U.S. during the early 1800s

Which of the following statements best describes gender role? A. Gender role is the sex group (male or female) to which the individual belongs. B. Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group. C. Gender role consists of actions taken by individuals to eliminate gender stereotypes. D. Gender role consists of fixed

culturally invariant expectations for each sex group.,B. Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group.

The process and time it takes a person to integrate into a new culture and feel comfortable within it. A person in this position may encounter a wide array of emotions that the theory describes in four different stages. This includes the honeymoon

culture shock, recovery, and adjustment stages.,Cultural Adaptation

I. lithosphere---landforms II. hydrosphere---water features III. biosphere---nature Of the above

which of the following is/are correctly matched?,I, II, and III

Functional region

defined by a common function (ex. telephone service)

Vernacular region

defined by people's perception (ex. the South)

between the prime meridian west to the international date line. Consist all North and South America

eastern part of Russia and part of Europe

16th Amendment

established income tax.

Marbury v. Madison

established judicial review

Japan's rise to power

establishing trade with the U.S., the arrival of Commodore Perry and industrial development.

Senate elections

every 6 years. 1/3 elected every two years

"The Conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution

expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added." (1789) Which of the following documents resolved the issue described by this excerpt?,The Bill of Rights

Which of the following is best related to the principle of popular sovereignty guaranteed by the US constitution?

"All political power is inherent in the people...and they have at all times an undeniable and indefeasible right to alter their form of government in such manner as they may think expedient."

During which battle did Paul Revere say

"The British are coming, The British are coming!"?,Battle of Lexington and Concord

Vertical climate characteristics

found in high mountain areas snow year round

Mount Blac

found in the Alps, Italy. highest mountain in Alps.

Opportunity Cost

gaining one item out of 2 by giving up the 2nd item.

19th Amendment

guaranteed women the right to vote.

Effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany at the end of WW1

had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a war guilt clause.

Legislative Branch

headed by congress. includes the house of representatives and the senate. make the laws. powers= passing laws, bills, impeachment, approving treaties.

Gibbons v. Ogden

held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the U.S. constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

Subtropial climate characteristics

humid climate found north and south of the tropics

Tropic of Cancer

imaginary line of latitude 23 south of the equator.

Tropic of Capricorn

imaginary line of longitude 23 north of the equator.

Federalism

in the U.S. relationship between the state governments and the federal governments.

During the late nineteenth century

in which of the following ways did churches in the United States respond to the social problems resulting from the industrialism of the previous decades? A. They aligned themselves with and financed the political agendas of organized labor. B. They lobbied Congress to pass laws guaranteeing social security for all citizens. C. They subsidized efforts to build small homes for the working poor. D. They built and maintained mission schools, orphanages, and homes for the aged.,D. They built and maintained mission schools, orphanages, and homes for the aged.

During the late nineteenth century

in which of the following ways did churches in the United States respond to the social problems resulting from the industrialism of the previous decades?,They built and maintained mission schools, orphanages, and homes for the aged.

The correspondence between which of the following couples

in which the wife urged her husband, "Remember the ladies," is viewed by historians as an early illustration of the interest and activism of women in national policy? A. George and Martha Washington B. John and Abigail Adams C. James and Dolley Madison D. Andrew and Rachel Jackson,B. John and Abigail Adams

The correspondence between which couple

in which the wife urged her husband, "Remember the ladies," is viewed by historians as an early illustration of the interest and activism of women in national policy?,John and Abigail Adams

The correspondence between which of the following couples

in which the wife urged her husband, "Remember the ladies," is viewed by historians as an early illustration of the interest and activism of women in national policy?,John and Abigail Adams

The route along which the United States government forced several tribes of Native Americans

including the Cherokees, Seminoles, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Creeks, to migrate to reservations west of the Mississippi River in the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s.,Trail of Tears

Grid

intersection of parallels and meridians at right angles

Chinese

invented printing

Henry Ford

invented the assembly line.

Prime Meridian

is a line of longitude in a geographical coordinate system at which longitude is defined by 0 degrees.

Relief

is the variation of elevation from place to place.

Use of submarine warfare

led to the U.S. involvement in the 1st world war.

In the US

local governments normally use a significant amount of their resources to:,Provide elementary and secondary schools programs

The following narrative is from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

or Gustavus Vassa (1789). "I remember, in the vessel in which I was brought over, in the men's apartment, there were several brothers . . . sold in different lots

The following narrative is from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

or Gustavus Vassa (1789). "I remember, in the vessel in which I was brought over, in the men's apartment, there were several brothers . . . sold in different lots

Townshend Acts

placed taxes on the colonists

Presidential system

president elected by direct/indirect election

18th Amendment

prohibition

Elementary landform

smallest homogeneous division of land surface at a given scale/resolution ex. Relief units

As productions costs increase

so do consumer prices. What common economic situation is described in this example? -Depreciation -Appreciation -Inflation -Scarcity,Inflation

What is the Connecticut comprise?

# of House of Representatives is determined by the states population where everyone gets 2 senates

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Vietnam War

(1964-73) Resulted in a military draft.

Laissez-faire

(French: "allow to do"), policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society.

Civil War

- Robert E. Lee's surrender at the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse, marked the end of the Civil War.

Prime Meridian

0 degree longitude and runs north and south through France and Africa

Taxation Acts of 1764-1774

1) Sugar Act: increased duties on non-British goods; 2) Currency Act: American colonies were prohibited from issuing their own currency; 3) Quartering Act: required colonies to provide shelter and supplies to British troops; 4) Stamp Act: direct tax on paper products for the colonies to raise money for Britain; 5) Townshend Acts: taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper and tea; 6) Tea Act: reduced tax on imported British tea for unfair selling advantage in America; 7) Coercive Acts: punished Massachusetts after Boston Tea Party with restrictions

Marshall Plan

12 billion to rebuild Western Europe and strength defenses

Revelationary War

1775-1783, also known as the American War for Independence, was a war between the Britain and the 13 colonies.

Declaration of Independence

1776

Articles of Confederation

1781

Gilded Age

1870s-1890; enormous wealth enjoyed by powerful families; control of major industries was held by robber barons (e.g. Carnegie- steel, Rockefeller- oil, Morgan- banking and Vanderbilt- steamboat)

What are the years of WW1? -1861-1865 -1885-1914 -1914-1918 -1949-1953

1914-1918

19th Amendment

1920: Women were given the right to vote

December 7

1941,Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

Truman Doctrine

1947: Harry S. Truman established that the US would provide: POLITICAL, MILITARY, and ECONOMIC assistance to ALL DEMOCRATIC NATIONS under threat from external and internal authorize force.

Length for a U.S. Senator

6 years

The Cold War was primarily

A. A nuclear arms race B. Technological competition C. Appeals to neutral nations

Which of the following countries received its independence from Great Britain in 1947? A.India B.Argentina C.The Philippines D.Peru

A. India India was a colony of Great Britain and received its independence in 1947.

The Great Depression

A.Income difference between classes B. Large debt increases C. The decline of agriculture *cost of goods decreased because of overproduction and under consumptionpassed

Which of the following best describes the prime meridian? A.Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres B.Line of latitude that divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres C.Longitude line that demarcates the change of the calendar day D.Line of latitude that marks the most northerly point on a map

A.Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Which of the following actions would a government most likely take to encourage economic growth? A.Lowering interest rates B.Raising income taxes C.Increasing federal regulations D.Decreasing federal spending

A.Lowering interest rates

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution was used to justify segregation? A.Tenth B.Sixth C.Fifth D.Third

A.Tenth

"Remember the Ladies"

Abigail Adams letter to John Adams who was serving as Massachusetts representative to the Continental Congress.

Lend-Lease Program

Act of 1941 that permitted the US to led or lease arms and other supplies to the Allies, signifying an increasing likelihood of American involvement in WWII President FDR

Bill of Rights

Added to Constitution in 1791; 10 statements of the fundamental rights/freedoms of United States citizens; 27 amendments to the federal Constitution

Which of the following actions would be taken by the Federal Reserve?

Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation

Which of the following actions would be taken by the Federal Reserve? • Printing money to introduce into circulation • Restricting the buying and selling of stocks on Wall Street • Creating a national budget to present to Congress • Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation

Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation.

Why were Northerners in Congress opposed to the admission of Texas as a state?

Admission would disrupt the balance between free and slave states.

18th Amendment

Alcohol illegal

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

Allowed slave owners to go into free states to retrieve their escaped slaves.

Rivers in South America

Amazon

John Adams

Americas first Vice President and Second President

Structural unemployment

An absence of demand for a certain type of worker. This happens when there are mismatches between the skills employers want and the skills workers have

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

An act under Theodore Roosevelt that banned formations that would restrict trade and not distinguish between bad and good trusts. The act was a hamper on worker unions, but it showed that the government was slowly moving away from laissez faire ideals.

What is the USA Patriot act?

An anti-terrorism law where government has the right to tap into any electronic device

Island

An area of land which is completely surrounded by water

Which of the following developments prompted the United States Congress to pass the USA PATRIOT Act?

An attack by terrorists in 2001

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of capital

Command Economy

An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.

Which of the following is correct based on the law of supply? • A decrease in the demand of a product will result in an increase in supply. • An increase in the demand for one product leads to a fall in the demand for another. • A decrease in the value of a currency will cause the value of another currency to decline. • An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply.

An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply.

Which of the following describes a physical characteristic that a developer would use when planning a residential community?

Analyzing the proximity to flood zones

Which of the following describes a physical characteristic that a developer would use when planning a residential community? • Evaluating the quality of local schools • Assessing the median income of the surrounding communities • Calculating the potential growth of neighboring businesses • Analyzing the proximity to flood zones

Analyzing the proximity to flood zones

Rome

Ancient civilization lasted 1000 years government served as a model for modern government

Mountain range in South America

Andes

Michelangelo and Raphael

Artists

Continents (Largest to Smallest)

Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia

What was NOT a result of WW1?

Austria-Hungry split

The Ring of Fire region is best known for which of the following characteristics? A.Slash-and-burn agriculture B.High levels of seismic activity C.Severe drought conditions D.High number of wildfires

B. High levels of seismic activity The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.

Which of the following issues did the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 resolve? A. How to determine the number of senators granted each state in the Congress B. How to account for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government C. How to determine federal compensation to states that forfeited western land claims D. How to determine how the revenue from tariffs on imported goods would be distributed between the federal government and the states

B. How to account for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government

Which of the following colonies was established as a haven for English Catholics? A. Massachusetts B. Maryland C. South Carolina D. New Hampshire

B. Maryland

Which resource would be most useful to a researcher who is studying the significance of the Suez Canal

the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar?,A map of the countries located between the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea

Which of the following officials is the chief executive at the state level of government? A.Ambassador B.Governor C.Senator D.Mayor

B.Governor

Which TWO of the following locations are the best examples of how human interaction can affect the environment? A.The Grand Canyon B.The Hoover Dam C.Niagara Falls D.Grand Teton E.Mount Rushmore

B.The Hoover Dam E.Mount Rushmore

Polytheistic

Belief in many gods

Which of the following individuals helped end the system of apartheid in South Africa? A.Mohandas Gandhi B.Mother Teresa C.Nelson Mandela D.The Dalai Lama

C. Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was the first black president of South Africa. He was elected after the system of apartheid was abolished.

-Rich soil -Abundant fishing grounds -Access to freshwater Which of the following actions by European colonists was most affected by these factors? A.Creation of new maps B.Trading with Native Americans C.Founding of settlements D.Development of plantations

C.Founding of settlements

Executive Branch

Carries out laws, can veto a law

Egyptians

Created paper from papyrus

Which of the following is a responsibility of a citizen of the United States? A. Participating in a protest B. Starting a business C. Attending a university D. Volunteering in a community

D. Volunteering in a community

Sixteenth-century European explorers sought to discover alternative trade routes to which of the following? A.Australia B.North Africa C.South America D.Asia

D.Asia

An agricultural town experiences a drought and is not able to produce as many crops as it typically does. As a result

the farmers are unable to provide grocery stores the amount of products they had promised. Which of the following economic situations does the scenario create?,Scarcity

When was the Boston Tea Party?

December 16, 1774

Which of the following ancient civilizations used hieroglyphics as a way to communicate?

Egypt

What is the Rosetta Stone?

Egyptian artifact that helps provide translations for hieroglyphics

Hills

Elevated landforms rising to an elevation of about five hundred to two thousand feet

Who was the first woman to contribute to women's right to vote?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

The US government and the state governments share responsibilities of ____________.

Establishing courts

Why did George Washington warn against the creation of factions?

Factions caused jealousies, false alarms, and could cause damage

Mesa

Flat top of hill Flat top of mountain Usually has steep sides Similar to plateau but smaller

15th Amendment

Illegal to deny individuals the right to vote on the grounds of race.

19th Amendment

In 1920, states that "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied. . . on account of sex." Women can vote!

What was a major effect of the New Deal in the United States?

Increased federal government spending

Drip irrigation

Is a way to conserve water

When was the Declaration of Independence signed?

July 4, 1776

10th Amendment

Limits the powers of the federal government to those designated in the constitution

Black Tuesday

Oct 19 1929 the day the stock market crashed

Command economy

One that is less likely than other economic systems to have problems related to scarcity

13th amendment

Outlawed Slavery

Who was a colonial leader?

Patrick Henry

United States Constitution

Ratified in 1788

New Deal

Roosevelt's policies were adopted to wide success and marked an important shift in the role of US government plays in economic matters and social welfare

Fred Scott Case

Slaves were not US citizens

The Civil War

Some states were for slavery while others were n0t

Which of the following European nations was the first to colonize the southwestern United States?

Spain

Which of the following European nations was the first to colonize the southwestern United States? • Spain • Portugal • France • England

Spain

Cause of the American Revolutionary War

Taxation without representation

- Boston Tea Party - Boston Massacre - Intolerable Acts The actions listed contributed to which of the following events?

The American Revolution

Which of the following events of the American Revolution occurred last?

The Battle of Yorktown

Which of the following actions contained a controversial fugitive slave provision?

The Compromise of 1850

Seven Years War

The French and Indian War from 1754-1763

Which event had the greatest impact on the size of the United States?

The Louisiana Purchase

In 1932

The Pecora Commission was established by the U.S. Senate to study the causes of what?,The Stock Market Crash

The destruction of the USSU S S Maine led to the start of which event?

The Spanish-American War

Central Traits

The constant elements of personality and they are found in all human

Great Depression

The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s The New Deal created by FDR

Monarchy

The nation is ruled by a king or queen

2nd amendment

The right to own guns

What advantage did the South have over the North durning the Civil War?

They had more experienced generals to lead their troops.

Which of the following statements describes an advantage the South had over the North during the Civil War?

They had more experienced generals to lead their troops.

Aztecs

They settled in the valley of Mexico

Manifest Destiny

This was a popular belief during the 1840's that it was the right ad duty of the United States to expand westward to the Pacific. The idea became a slogan for the flood settlers and expansionist power grabs.

First Continental Congress

This was held in 1774 to list grievances and develop a response, including boycotts. All colonies attended except Georgia

Democratic-Republicans

Thomas Jefferson

Indian who befriended the pilgrims at Plymouth?

Tisquantum AKA Squanto

What best describes why a democratic government regulates the economy?

To ensure financial stability

Which of the following describes the primary purpose of cross-cultural comparisons? • To determine which culture is superior • To establish the land rights of a cultural group • To identify traits shared between cultures • To predict cultural migration patterns

To identify traits shared between cultures

Which of the following describes the primary reason for the establishment of time zones in the United States?

To improve the efficiency of transportation

The US constitution guarantees the right to a writ of habeas corpus. The main reason for this was to

To prevent the illegal imprisonment of individual in the US

Which of the following is considered a right of United States citizenship?

To worship freely

Which of the following countries is known as the breadbasket of Europe?

Ukraine

Alexander

Unified greece Conquered greece

Gulf Stream

Warm ocean current that flows to the western North Atlantic, traveling from Florida along America coastline to splitting into the North Atlantic drift to north Europe

Great Wall of China...

Was built to protect invaders of the North

King Henry VIII

Was denied a divorcee by the pope, so he broke away and established the Angelican Church.

Maryland

Was established by Lord Baltimore in 1632 in hopes of providing refuge for English Catholics.

Supply

What sellers produce

Abigail Adams

Wrote remember the ladies

Market

the mechanism that brings buyers and sellers in contact with each other so they can buy and sell. Markets exist in both the input and output sides of the economy. Output markets refer to the markets in which goods and services are sold. Markets function on the basis of supply and demand.

The US senate and the house of representatives has passed a legislation. However

the president vetoes the legislation. Under what requirement can the legislation still become a law?,At least two-thirds of both houses of congress agree

Federalism

a system of gov't in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political unit.

Gentrification

the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class. this resulted in displacement of lower income people.

Federal Government

action performed to establish trade agreements with other nations.

Which of the following accurately compares two ancient civilizations? • The Egyptians and Aztecs both practiced monotheistic religions. • The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform

and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics. • The Phoenicians traded mostly by land routes, and the Chinese traded mostly by sea routes. • The Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations lacked reliable sources of water.,The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics.

Commodore Perry

and the opening of trade with the United States and other countries was one of the greatest factors in the industrial development of Japan in the late 19th century

Formal region

area defined by actual boundaries

Effects of high tariffs on an economy

they benefit some groups at the expense of others.

therefore

they had no legal right to sue in federal courts.

City State

basis of Mesopotamian government. a small area surrounding a larger more developed city. Indicator to why Mesopotamia never developed a solid form of government.

Religions that influenced ancient Chinese society

buddhism, confucianism, & taoism

"The president...shall have power

by and with the advice and consent of the senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the senators concurs." --US constitution, Article II, Section 2 The excerpt above provides an example of which constitutional principal?,Checks and balances

Indian Ocean

touches africa, asia, and australia

Longitude

vertical mapping lines on earth are known as meridians.

The Space Race

was a 20th c. competition between the Soviet Union and the U.S. for supremacy in spaceflight capability.

John Locke

was an english philosopher and leader of the enlightenment age.

Alexander Hamilton

was most closely associated with being a Federalist.

World War II

(1939 - 1945) A war fought in Europe, Africa and Asia between the Allied Powers of Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States against the Axis Powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan. this began when Germany invaded Poland in 1934

Truman Doctrine

(1947) was a policy designed to protect free people's everywhere against oppression.

What are the responsibilities of the Judicial Branch?

- Decides if the law is constitutional - Appointed by the President - 9 Justices - Overturn rulings by other judges

What are the responsibilities of the Legislative Branch?

- Makes Laws - Approves Presidential Appointments - 2 Senators from each state

What are the responsibilities of the Executive Branch?

- Signing proposed bills into law - Pardons People - Appoints federal judges - Elected every 4 years

Articles of Confederation

-1st constitution (agreed on by the 13 original states[colonies]) - ratified 3/1/1781 -weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade - replaced by the current US n on 3/4/1789

The Roles of the President of the United States

-Being able to veto, or reject, a proposal for a law -Appoint federal posts, such as members of government agencies -Negotiate foreign treaties with other countries -Appoint federal judges -Grant pardons, or forgiveness, for a crime

United States Constitution

-Created September 17, 1787 -Ratified 1788 - Continental Congress made a constitution after Articles of Confederation failed

Eighth Amendment

-Excessive bail shall not be required, -excessive fines imposed -cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Which best explains the American response to Hilters' reactions against the Jews in the first years of WW2? -Interventionist strategist -Isolationist policies -Diplomatic intervention -Military strike

-Isolationist policies

Seventh Amendment

-Right to a trial by jury in civil cases over $20 - prohibits judges from overruling findings of fact by juries in federal civil trials

Second Continental Congress

-delegates from the Thirteen Colonies - meeting from 1775-1781 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. -managed the Colonial war effort -moved incrementally towards independence - Agreed on The of Independence (7/4/1776)

Which of the following can be determined from the map on the back? A. Australia contains both hyperarid and arid regions. B. Northern Africa's climate is primarily arid. C. South Africa's climate is primarily arid and semiarid. D. Eastern South America's climate is primarily semiarid.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. South Africa's climate is primarily arid and semiarid.

Which of the following views of the globe includes the region in which Japan is located? **picture on back of card**

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANSWER: C

Equator

0 degrees Latitude (2 equal halves - Northern/Southern hemispheres with areas on the sides Western and Eastern)

Prime Meridian

0 degrees Longitude; starting point for measuring distance

over 4

000 died out of 16,000

Time Zones

1 hour

Turning Points of American Revolution

1) Actions of Second Continental Congress: established Continental Army led by George Washington 2) "Common Sense": written by Thomas Paine in 1776; called for independence 3) Alliance with France: 1778; Benjamin Franklin negotiated an agreement with France to fight with the Americans 4) Treaty of Paris: 1782; signaled the end of the war; granted colonies independence and gave them territorial rights

Types of Maps

1) Base Maps: created from aerial and field surveys 2) Topographic Maps: show the natural and human-made surface features of the Earth (e.g. mountain elevations, river courses, roads, names of lakes and towns, county and state lines) 3) Topological Maps: lines are stretched or straightened to show routes of a subway system 4) Thematic Maps: show data based on a theme such as population density, wildlife distribution, hill-slope stability and economic trends 5) Physical Maps: shows natural features (e.g. mountains, rivers, lakes, deserts, plains) 6) Political Maps: uses lines for state, county and country boundaries; points/dots/symbols for landmarks

Reasons for American Revolution

1) British control was overbearing and made American colonies feel inferior 2) Anglican Church potentially expanded their power over colonies limiting religious freedom 3) Taxation 4) Colonies had no official representation in English Parliament 5) British attempts to block Westward expansion

1960s

1) Cuban Missile Crisis: 1961; stand-off between the United States and the Soviet Union over a build-up of missiles in Cuba; nuclear war was averted when Soviets stopped shipments 2) Assassinations of President Kennedy (1963) and MLK Jr (1968) 3) Civil Rights Movement: 1960s; social movements to end racial segregation and discrimination that drew attention to the plight of African Americans 4) Vietnam War: 1964-1973; resulted in the military draft; heavy involvement of American personnel and money 5) Major Legislation: Civil Rights Act, the Clean Air Act, Water Quality Act, Medicare, War on Poverty

Forms of Government

1) Feudalism: rule of local lords who are loyal to the king and control the lives and production of those who work on their land 2) Republic: representative democracy; elected leaders 3) Absolute Monarchy: King or Queen 4) Authoritarianism: individual or group has unlimited authority 5) Dictatorship: those in power are not held responsible to the people 6) Autocracy: rule by 1 person who uses power tyrannically 7) Oligarchy: self-appointed elite rulers 8) Liberal Democracy: government based on consent of the people that protects individual rights and freedoms 9) Totalitarianism: citizens' lives controlled by the government

French Explorers

1) Giovanni da Verrazano and Jacques Cartier: explored North America coast and St. Lawrence Seaway 2) Samuel de Champlain: founded Quebec and set up a fur empire; explored Rhode Island and Massachusetts 3) Jacques Marquette: Jesuit missionary that traveled the Mississippi 4) Rene-Robert de la Salle: explored the Great Lakes and claimed lands for France

Climates

1) Humid Continental: four seasons; cold winter, hot summer; sufficient rainfalls 2) Prairie Climates: in steppe regions; dry flatlands 3) Subtropical Climates: humidity in the tropical areas; moisture produces long summers and mild winters 4) Marine Climate: near or surrounded by water; warm oceans bring moisture, mild temperatures and plentiful rain

Spanish Explorers

1) Juan Ponce de Leon: 1st European in Florida; established a settlement in Puerto Rico; discovered the Gulf Stream 2) Alonso Alvarez de Pineda: chartered the Gulf Coast from Florida to Mexico 3) Francisco Vasquez de Coronado: became the 1st European to explore several states

Themes of Geography

1) Location: relative and absolute 2) Place: physical characteristics and human characteristics 3) Human-Environmental Interaction: human adaptation/modification/dependence to the environment 4) Movement: interaction through trade, migration, communications, political boundaries, ideas and fashions 5) Regions: formal (e.g. cities, states, countries), functional (e.g. common connection) and vernacular (e.g. divisions based on perceptions/mental images)

Economies

1) Market: producers make decisions about methods and distribution on their own; consumers ultimately affect decisions by choosing whether or not to buy certain goods/services; US has a) Economic Freedom, Economic Incentives, Competition, Private Ownership, Limited Government 2) Command: government controls what and how much is produced, methods for production and distribution of goods and services

Early Empires - Who?

1) Mesopotamia: short-term empires that failed due to oppression of subject peoples 2) Egypt: series of governments 3) Greece: started as a group of city states united by Alexander the Great; joined to create an empire that stretched from the Indus River to Egypt and the Mediterranean coast; Hellenistic society 4) Rome: 1,000 years; became foundation of the Western world's culture, language and laws 5) Chinese: dynasties; culture values history, philosophy and common religion 6) India: caste system and guilds

Powers of Government

1) National: coin money, regulate trade, raise forces, declare war, conduct foreign relations 2) Concurrent: levy and collect taxes, borrow money, establish courts, set punishments 3) State: regulate trade and business in a state, establish public schools, pass license requirements for professionals, establish local governments

Basic Principles of the Constitution

1) Popular Sovereignty: people establish government and give power to it; government functions only with consent of the people 2) Limited Government: specifies limits on government authority 3) Separation of Powers: power is divided among 3 government branches 4) Checks and Balances: ensures each branch has the authority and ability to restrain the powers of the other 2 branches to prevent tyranny 5) Judicial Review: established by Marbury v. Madison; the judiciary may evaluate actions/powers of legislature and executive to ensure they are abiding by the Constitution; if unconstitutional the judicial branch can nullify 6) Federalism: division of power between the central government and local governments to limit the power of the Federal government and allows states to deal with local problems

Events Leading up to American Revolution

1) Sons of Liberty: Samuel Adams led protest group 2) Boston Massacre: 1770; soldiers fired on a crowd 3) Committees of Correspondence: set up through colonies to spread revolutionary ideas 4) The Boston Tea Party: 1773; Sons of Liberty dumped tea into the Boston Harbor from a British ship to protest tax 5) First Continental Congress: 1774; colonies list grievances and develop a plan to boycott 6) The Shot Heard Round the World: 1775; fight ensued between English soldiers and colonial militia (Minutemen)

Early Empires Characteristics

1) Strong Military 2) Centralized Government 3) Control/Standardization of Commerce, Money and Taxes 4) A weight system 5) An official language

Bill of Rights

1. freedom of speech, religion, and press 2. right to bear arms 3. no quartering 4. cannot enter home w/o warrant 5/6/7/. rights of those who are trialed 8. no cruel and unusual punishment 9. cannot be used to depride people of their rights 10. All powers not given to government is given to state

Magna Carta

1215; charter of political rights to rebellious English barons from King John

Most Important Amendments

13th: Abolished slavery 14th: Cannot deny citizens of rights 15th: Gave the right to vote for citizens 18+ 16th: Established the income tax 17th: Direct Elections by the people 18th: Prohibition (no booze) 19th: women the right to vote 21st: Prohibition repealed

Colonization of Virginia

1585; Sir Walter Raleigh landed on Roanoke Island and named the mainland Virginia; 1st permanent settlement was made by Captain John Smith in 1607; Virginia Company and Chesapeake Bay Company helped in colonizing

Colonization of Pennsylvania

1681; William Penn received royal charter for establishment of Pennsylvania as a colony for Quakers

Great Awakening

1725-1770; religious revivals of Protestants in colonies

Seven Year War

1756-1763 the French and Indian Wat

The following excerpt was written on July 4

1776. "When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another . . . " Which of the following individuals was the author of this document? A.Patrick Henry B.James Madison C.Thomas Jefferson D.George Washington,C.Thomas Jefferson

The following excerpt was written on July 4

1776. "When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another . . . " Which of the following individuals was the author of this document?,Thomas Jefferson

The following excerpt was written on July 4

1776. "When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another . . . " Which of the following individuals was the author of this document? • Patrick Henry • James Madison • Thomas Jefferson • George Washington,Thomas Jefferson

Articles of Confederation

1777; the nation's first constitution designed to protect the states' rights over the national government

Federalist Papers

1787-88; Written by James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton

The following excerpt is a portion of a letter from George Washington to Henry Knox in February

1787. "If three years ago, any person had of told me that at this day, I should see such a formidable rebellion against the laws and constitutions of our own making as now appears, I should have thought him a bedlamite (insane person)—fit subject for a madhouse..." Which of the following rebellions is discussed in this excerpt? A.Shays' Rebellion B.Nat Turner's Rebellion C.The Whiskey Rebellion D.Stono Rebellion,A.Shays' Rebellion

The following excerpt is a portion of a letter from George Washington to Henry Knox in February

1787. "If three years ago, any person had of told me that at this day, I should see such a formidable rebellion against the laws and constitutions of our own making as now appears, I should have thought him a bedlamite (insane person)—fit subject for a madhouse..." Which of the rebellions is discussed in this excerpt?,Shays' Rebellion

The following excerpt is a portion of a letter from George Washington to Henry Knox in February

1787. "If three years ago, any person had of told me that at this day, I should see such a formidable rebellion against the laws and constitutions of our own making as now appears, I should have thought him a bedlamite (insane person)—fit subject for a madhouse..." Which of the following rebellions is discussed in this excerpt? • Shays' Rebellion • Nat Turner's Rebellion • The Whiskey Rebellion • Stono Rebellion,Shays' Rebellion

Constitutional Convention of 1787 and the Three-Fifths Compromise

1787: Offered by James Madison determining a states representation in the US House of Representatives. The issue of how to count slaves split delegates into 2 groups. Northerners regarded slaves as property, Southerners demanded Blacks be counted w/ whites. Three-Fifths Compromise Allowed a state to count 3/5 of each black person in determining political representation in the house.

US Constitution

1789; created the 3 branches with checks and balances and a bicameral legislature for equal representation; Federalists v. Anti-Federalists

During which election did political parties first play a role?

1796

Why did people migrate to California?

1800s: Gold Rush

When was the Louisiana Purchase?

1803

Louisiana Purchase

1803; under the presidency of Thomas Jefferson; Reasons for Purchase: to gain port in New Orleans, remove French threat with trade along Mississippi River and double territory belonging to the United States; brought into question the use of Federal power/constitutionality; Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the lands

The National Road

1811, the federal government funded construction aimed to help western expansion.

Mexican Revolution

1812-1823; fought for independence from Spain and for social justice

Missouri Compromise

1820, there were an equal amount of slave states to free states and there was an imminent power imbalance when Missouri petitioned to become a slave state; The Solution: Maine was brought in as a free state and the southern border of Missouri was set as the Northernmost line of any slave territory; Western states could come in as free states

Indian Removal Act

1830; took natives out of territories that whites wanted to settle; Trail of Tears removed Cherokees from Georgia and relocated them to Oklahoma

Whig Party

1833-1856; started in opposition to Jackson's authoritarian policies; concerned with depending the supremacy of Congress over the executive branch, states' rights, economic protectionism and modernization; 4 presidents: William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, John Tyler and Millard Fillmore; split over slavery caused the party to dissolve

Trail of Tears

1838 as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act. the Cherokee nation was forced to give up their lands east of the Mississippi River & migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma.

Manifest Destiny

1840s; popular belief that it was the right and duty of the United States to expand Westward to the Pacific

Mexican American War

1846 - 1848 - President Polk declared war on Mexico over the dispute of land in Texas. At the end, American ended up with 55% of Mexico's land.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854; repealed the Missouri Compromise to allow the lands from the Louisiana Purchase to settle the slavery issue by popular sovereignty; enraged Northerners began the Republican party

Dred Scott Decision

1857 Supreme Court Case that ruled Congress had no authority to exclude slavery from the territories; upheld property rights over human rights

Dred Scott V. Sanford

1857: Supreme Court decision that blacks could not be US citizens.

The American Civil War

1861-1865; war fought between the North (the Union) and the South (the Confederacy); fought on the grounds of slavery and states' rights; Gettysburg Address made by Lincoln united the nation

The Reconstruction Era

1865-1877; South was under strict control of the U.S. government; terminated state governments of the former confederacy; amendments were made to rectify the problems caused by slavery 1) 13th Amendment: slavery is illegal 2) 14th Amendment: made all persons born/naturalized in the country US citizens and states couldn't interfere with civil rights 3) 15th Amendment: made it illegal to deny individuals the right to vote on grounds of race

American Progressive Era

1890s-1920s; social movement to reform American society/order and increase trade with foreign markets 1) Hepburn Act: 1906; ICC 2) Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906; protect consumers from fraudulent labeling 3) Forest Service: 1898-1910; conservation methods and efficient use of resources 4) Federal Reserve System: 1913; supervise banking/commerce 5) Fair Trade Commission: 1914; established to ensure fair competition

World War I

1914-1918; fought by the Allies: Britain, France, Russia, Greece, Italy, Romania and Serbia against the Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey; United States joined the Allies in 1917 after years of neutrality; sinking of the Lusitania caused the US to join

Great Migration

1914-1945 mass movement of African Americans form the south to the north

Fourteen Points Speech

1918; Woodrow Wilson; outlined plans for peace and the League of Nations

Dust Bowl

1930s; Inadequate conservation techniques caused topsoil to be blown away in great dust storms; deaths from blackened skies that led to lung disease and failed crops

What are the years of WW2 -1949-1953 -1939-1945 1950-1965 -1947-1956

1939-1945

World War II

1939-1945; Allies v Axis powers; fought on every continent; Pearl Harbor attacks in 1941 by Japan caused the US to join war efforts on the Allies side "a day that would live in infamy"; women worked in the factories while men entered the military so great manufacturer of goods/munitions for the war effort; rationing and war bonds; production brought an end to the economic depression

Brown V. Board of Education Topeka

1954: Unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment The decision did not succeed in fully desegregation public education.

Brown v Board of Education

1954; segregation was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause; "separate but equal" practice was unconstitutional in education; overturned the 1896 Plessy v Ferguson ruling that permitted segregation if facilities were equal

Miranda v Arizona

1966; made the reading of the Miranda rights to those arrested for crimes the law; ensured confessions could not be illegally obtained and that citizens rights to fair trials and protection under the law would be upheld

Which amendments to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote?

19th Amendment

Articles of Confederation

1st Constitution of the United States: November 15, 1777 (ratification did not occur until March 1, 1781). Documents was limited because states held most of the power and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate, or control coinage. Signed by 13 Original Colonies.

House of Burgess

1st legislative assembly in American colonies

Whiskey Rebellion

1st test of the U.S. government's authority to enforce federal laws.

Indus River Valley

1st urban civilization

Mayflower Compact

1st written framework of government for United States created by English colonist aboard the Mayflower Ship

Lexington and Concord

2 sites at which the first military engagement of the Revolutionary War took place.

Passing an Amendment

2/3 of the house and senate approve of the proposal- send it to the state for a vote- 3/4 of the states must affirm the proposed amendments.

Tropic of Cancer

23.5 degrees North of equator

Tropic of Cancer

23.5 degrees North of the equator

Tropic of Capricorn

23.5 degrees South of the equator

Theodore Roosevelt

26th President of the US; known for: creating Progressive party, Conservationism, Trust-Busting, Hepburn Act, Safe Food Regulations, "Square Deal" and Panama Canal

Woodrow Wilson

28th President of the US; known for: World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage, Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations

What percent of earth is land?

30%

Calvin Coolidge

30th President of the US after taking over for Harding; nickname "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken; true Republican and Industrialist; believed in government supporting Big Business and a rigid economy

Franklin D. Roosevelt

32nd President of the US; only president that served more than 2 terms in office; central figure in economic crisis and World War II; New Deal

Thomas Jefferson

3rd United States President

First Amendment

5 freedoms: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition - prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion -abridging the freedom of speech - infringing on the freedom of the press, -interfering with the right to peaceably assemble -prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances

Middle Ages/Medieval Times

500-1500 AD; Key Events: 1) Roman Catholicism 2) Knights with systems of honor, combat and chivalry 3) Universities 4) The Crusades - recurring wars between European Christians and Middle East Muslims over the Holy Lands 5) Charles the Great AKA Charlemagne who created an empire across France and Germany in 800 AD 6) Black Death/Plague (1347-1350)

What is the length of a term for a US senator?

6 years

Valley of kings

60 Royal tombs for pharaohs

Arctic Circle

66.5 degrees North of the equator

Antarctic Circle

66.5 degrees South of the equator

Arctic Circle

66.5 degrees north latitude

Antarctic Circle

66.5 degrees south latitude

What percent of earth is water?

70%

How many states were required to ratify the Constitution?

9

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

A 1949 defense alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations Militarily link US and Western Europe so an attack on one was an attack on all.

Incas

A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America, Peru

Marshal Plan

A US program to support Western Europe in rebuilding European economies after the end of WWII

Fascism

A belief as well as a political system opposed ideologically to Communism though similar in basic structure with a one party state and centralized political control

Opportunity Cost

A benefit, profit, or value of something that must be given up to acquire or achieve something else

Uncle Tom's Cabin

A book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that contributed to the Civil War; showed Northerners and the rest of the world the horrors of slavery while the South saw it as an exaggeration

Amendment

A change or addition to the U S Constitution

Egyptians

A civilization around 3000 B.C They lived in areas around the lower part of the Nile river They grew surplus crops Developed their own writing system Farmed minerals A vast trading network They had a military They had an effective system of medicine They are most famously known for their pyramids, which were burial sites for Pharos. Peasants would work on them in trade for food and shelter.

Sumerians

A civilization between 4000 and 1500 B.C. Developed Cuneiform, a writing system that used pictures and symbols They lived in mud brick buildings within farming communities First civilization known to use the wheel They traded widely They had many tools, pottery and wooden furniture They had an advanced military

Federalist Papers

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to promote the ratification of the US Constitution. First published between October 1787 and April 1788

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and Soviet Union. Nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years. Both afraid of Nuclear Weapons.

Cold war

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

Fifth Amendment

A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.

Inflation

A continuous rise in the price of goods and services

Spatial Organization

A description of how things are grouped in a given space

Teapot Dome Scandal

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921

Geomorphological unit

A landform is a landscape feature. The include hills, plateaus, mountains, deserts, deltas, canyons, etc.

Grassland

A large area of land covered with grasses

Desert

A large dry barren region

Sir Thomas More

A lawyer and author who wrote Utopia

Napoleonic Code

A legal framework for France

Hinduism

A major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic.

Islam

A major world religions that is monotheistic

Sumerians

A member of the indigenous non-Semitic people of ancient Babylonia Earliest Mesopotamian society Known for creating the wheel and the world's first writing system (cuneiform)

Great Smokey Mountains

A mountain range rising along the Tennessee-North Carolina border in the southeastern United States. They are a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains

Ural Mountains

A mountain range that separates Europe from Asia

Westward Expansion

A movement westward for jobs, land, hope, the gold rush, adventure, a new beginning and the transcontinental railroad. It lasted from 1850 - 1890.

The Silk Road

A network of trade routes that stretched for more than four thousand miles across Asia Linked China with Europe

Common Sense

A pamphlet published by Thomas Paine in 1776, called for independence

What is the United Nations?

A peacekeeping organization Started after WW2

Which of the following significantly contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire?

A period of excessive disorder and a weak national government

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Socialism

A political belief and system in which the state takes a guiding role in the national economy and provides extensive social services to its populations

Anarchism

A political movement believing in the elimination of all government and its replacement by a cooperative community of individuals

closed primary

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

Reformation

A religious movement that produced a new form of Christianity known as Protestantism

William Shakespeare

A renowned poet and playwright.

Which of the following scenarios would most directly increase a nation's gross domestic product?

A rise in the price of exported goods

Which of the following scenarios would most directly increase a nation's gross domestic product? • A rise in unemployment rates • A rapid growth in population • A rise in the price of exported goods • A decision to implement economic sanctions

A rise in the price of exported goods

Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the US or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. President James Monroe's statement forbidding future colonization in America and declaring that any attempt would be an act of hostility

Presidential System

A system of government with a legislature involving few or many political parties with no division between head of state and head of government

Parliamentary System

A system of government with a legislature usually involving a multiplicity of political parties and often coalition politics

Silk road

A system of trade routes establish during the Han Dynasty that stretched from. China through India to Egypt

Industrialization

A time of enormous business growth and exploitation of natural resources for new inventions during the mid-1800s 1) Railroad Expansion: Transcontinental Railroad stretched over 35,000 miles 2) Gold and Silver Mining: Prospectors came to the West 3) Cattle Ranching: established the "Bread Basket" in the High Plains Began in England with new inventions and factories; steel industry grew rapidly; steam engine revolutionized transportation and work power; factory-based/technologic era resulted; society went from agrarian to urban with poor working conditions and overcrowded/polluted cities

Which of the following maps would most likely be used in distinguishing cultural regions?

A world map of languages

Which of the following maps would most likely be used in distinguishing cultural regions? • A world map of languages • A North American topographical map • A world map of natural resources • A precipitation map of Europe

A world map of languages

The Truman Doctrine justified which of the following United States policies? A. Aiding Greece and Turkey after the Second World War B. Participating in the United Nations C. Selling of arms to Iran D. Intervening in Nicaragua

A. Aiding Greece and Turkey after the Second World War

Industrial Revolution Resulted in

A. Development of new weaving and ironworking techniques B. Vast expansion and improvement in roads and waterways C.Greatly increased prosperity and political power for the middle class

-Held the first Olympics -Polytheistic -Practiced direct democracy Which of the following ancient civilizations is described? A.Greece B.Egypt C.Rome D.China

A. Greece The Greeks developed the Olympics. They also believed in many gods. In addition, they had a form of direct democracy.

Which of the following inventors is most associated with the use of the assembly line? A. Henry Ford B. Thomas Alva Edison C. Alexander Graham Bell D. Nikola Tesla

A. Henry Ford

A local clothing store offers customers fifty percent off the price of all inventory items. Which of the following economic terms best describes this example? A.Incentive B.Production C.Consumption D.Scarcity

A. Incentive This is an example of an incentive because the consumer is being motivated to shop at the store.

Which of the following was a major effect of the New Deal in the United States? A. Increased federal government spending B. Decreased involvement in foreign affairs C. Decreased wages for government workers D. Increased privatization of industries

A. Increased federal government spending

Which of the following describes the effect of the interstate highway system on life in the United States? A. Increased suburban development B. Increased education funding C. Decreased use of airline transportation D. Decreased demand for overseas goods

A. Increased suburban development

Which of the following describes the use of a natural resource in the development of early Mesopotamian society? A. Irrigating crops with river water B. Hunting animals on plateaus C. Farming crops on terraced hillsides D. Navigating ships on oceans

A. Irrigating crops with river water

Which of the following is accurate about the geography of Peru? A.Its coastal region is comprised of desert. B.The majority of the country is made up of grasslands. C.The country has mostly rolling hills and very few mountains. D.It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and has few water features.

A. Its coastal region is comprised of desert. The coast of Peru is comprised of close to 3,000 kilometers of desert.

Which of the following time zones is located between California and Texas? A.Mountain B.Central C.Eastern D.Pacific

A. Mountain California is located in the Pacific time zone and Texas is in the Central time zone. The Mountain time zone is located between the Pacific and Central time zones.

In which of the following regions is Islam the predominant religion? A.Northern Africa B.Western Europe C.Northern South America D.Eastern Asia

A. Northern Africa A large portion of the population in the northern region of Africa is Muslim.

In which of the following nations did the conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi take place? A.Rwanda B.South Africa C.Ethiopia D.Uganda

A. Rwanda The conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi took place in the country of Rwanda.

Which of the following European nations was the first to colonize the southwestern United States? A.Spain B.Portugal C.France D.England

A. Spain Spain was the first European nation to explore and colonize the Southwestern United States as early as the mid 1500s.

The destruction of the USS Maine led to the start of which of the following events? A.Spanish-American War B.First World War C.Mexican-American War D.War of 1812

A. Spanish-American War The sinking of the USS Maine in Havana, Cuba, in February 1898 prompted the United States to declare war on Spain, beginning the Spanish-American War.

Main Causes of WWI

A. Tension over the competition for colonies B. Ethnic groups such as Poles and Czechs hoping for nations of their own C. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

Which of the following events most contributed to the start of the American Revolution? A.The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War B.The blockade of the American colonies by the British navy C.The drafting of the Constitution by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia D.The commissioning of George Washington as commander of the Continental army

A. The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War At the conclusion of the French and Indian War, the British imposed taxes to help pay debts from the war. As a result of these taxes, American colonists began resisting British rule.

Which of the following actions contained a controversial fugitive slave provision? A.The Compromise of 1850 B.The Missouri Compromise C.The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 D.The Three-Fifths Compromise

A. The Compromise of 1850 Part of the Compromise of 1850 was the provision that any runaway slave found in a non-slave state had to be sent back to the South.

Which of the following events was the context for the Gettysburg Address? A. The dedication of a national cemetery during the American Civil War B. The opening of an immigrant processing center during the Gilded Age C. The attack on a battleship at the start of the Spanish-American War D. The annexation of new territory during the era of western expansion

A. The dedication of a national cemetery during the American Civil War

Which of the following is most responsible for changing the cultural landscape of the American West in the late nineteenth century? A. The expansion of the railroad B. The growth of Indian settlements C. The relocation of Mexican citizens D. The establishment of slave states

A. The expansion of the railroad

Major Factors leading to the American Revolution

A. The forced quartering of British soldiers in colonial households B. Excessive tariffs C. The "Intolerable Acts"

Which of the following events most contributed to Southern states seceding from the Union? A. The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln B. The occurrence of Nat Turner's Rebellion C. The ratification of the Civil Rights Act D. The signing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

A. The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln

Which of the following statements best describes indentured servants during the American colonial period? A.They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed. B.They consisted primarily of young women and children. C.The majority served in wealthy homes in the northern colonies. D.They paid higher taxes to offset the cost of their trip to the Americas.

A. They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed. Indentured servants in the American colonies typically served for seven years and received their freedom and a plot of land when their service was complete.

Which of the following countries is known as the breadbasket of Europe? A.Ukraine B.France C.Ireland D.Poland

A. Ukraine The rich dark soil and the vast fields of wheat and other food products have earned Ukraine the nickname "breadbasket of Europe."

Which of the following helped many homesteaders to establish farms on the Great Plains during the 1800s? A.Windmills to pump water for irrigation B.Levees to control flooding C.Steel to construct cities to withstand earthquakes D.Cars to transport crops to markets

A. Windmills to pump water for irrigation. Homesteaders utilized windmills to pump water for irrigation on the Great Plains.

Which of the following best describes one result of the introduction of robotics into manufacturing centers? A.Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs. B.Additional assembly-line workers will be needed to work in automated factories. C.The price of goods created through automation will increase. D.Additional management personnel will be needed to make decisions about production levels.

A. Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs. The introduction of robotics in factories has reduced the need for human laborers, which has resulted in the need to retrain workers to perform different jobs.

Which of the following maps would most likely be used in distinguishing cultural regions? A.A world map of languages B.A North American topographical map C.A world map of natural resources D.A precipitation map of Europe

A.A world map of languages

Which of the following is one characteristic of a democracy? A.Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials. B.Government power is controlled by a few individuals. C.Government power is controlled by a single monarch. D.Citizens are punished for criticizing government officials

A.Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials.

Which of the following countries did the United States come into conflict with as a result of the annexation of the Republic of Texas? A.Mexico B.France C.Canada D.Spain

A.Mexico

Which of the following is best described as the study of individual economic behavior? A.Microeconomics B.Macroeconomics C.Social economics D.Institutional economics

A.Microeconomics

and no situation can ever change my fixed resolution...." King George III Which of the following is most related to the topic discussed in this excerpt? A.The Declaration of Independence B.The Louisiana Purchase C.The Constitution of the United States D.The Treaty of Paris of 1763

A.The Declaration of Independence

Which of the following best explains why Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan used deficit spending? A.To stimulate weak economies B.To regulate financial markets C.To promote territorial expansion D.To prevent racial inequality

A.To stimulate weak economies

Which of the following best describes a reasonable application of how geography can be used to interpret the past? A.To understand how the discovery of gold affected the development of California B.To analyze the potential hazards of overcrowding in urban areas C.To determine the longitude and latitude of the capital of Nebraska D.To calculate the topographical features of a specific region

A.To understand how the discovery of gold affected the development of California

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery

What is the 13th amendment?

Abolished slavery

Mountain range in Africa

Abyssinian, Atlas, Ruwenzori, Kilimanjaro,

also : a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact

Acculturation

Missouri Compromise

Admitted Maine as a free state Admitted Missouri as a slave state Drew imaginary line across the Louisiana Territory dividing free/slave parts of that state.

7 continents

Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America

Where are Atlas mountains?

Africa: Morocco

What is the 14th amendment?

African American gained citizenship

What is the 15th amendment?

African Americans could vote

Difference btw Virginia and New York in 17th century?

Agriculture

The Truman Doctrine justified which United States policies?

Aiding Greece and Turkey after the Second World War

The Truman Doctrine justified which of the following United States policies?

Aiding Greece and Turkey after the Second World War

Marshall Plan

Aimed at preventing the spreas of communism, involved the economic aid that was sent to Europe in the aftermath of the Second World War

What amendment provided protection of lands conveyed on the behalf of Alaska natives to for-profit corporations?

Alaska Protection Plan of 1991

National Bank

Alexander Hamilton to Congress; private stockholders and the national government to provide financial stability to US (e.g. loans, funds, credit)

Pax Romana

Allowed for free travel affected a vast area Accomplishment of the Romans

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

Allowed slave owners to go into free states to retrieve their escaped slaves

Compromise of 1850

Allowed those who lived in the Mexican cession to decide for themselves whether to be a free or slave territory

Compromise of 1850

Allowed those who lived in the Mexican cession to decide for themselves whether to be free or slave territory.

Mountain range in Europe

Alps, Caucasus, carpathian, Pyrenees, Urals

Which of the following developments prompted the United States Congress to pass the USA PATRIOT Act? • A Middle East oil embargo in 1973 • The start of the Iran-Iraq War • An attack by terrorists in 2001 • The outbreak of the Cuban missile crisis

An attack by terrorists in 2001

Mixed Economy

An economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion.

Economic expansion

An increase in the level of economic activity (national output rises) and of the goods and services available

Which of the following is correct based on the law of supply?

An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply.

Indus Valley

Ancient civilization; 3rd-4th centuries BC with a unified culture of luxury and refinement, no national government, an advanced civic system and trade routes

Egypt

Ancient civilization; united by the Nile River, settled in villages, pharaohs served as Gods, central government controlled civil and artistic affairs

Sumer

Ancient civilization; used the 1st known writing system, advanced the development of the wheel and irrigation, urbanized their culture

Parallels

Another name for lines of latitude

Meridians

Another name for lines of longitude. Connect at the poles.

Desiderius Erasmus

Applied historical scholarship to the New Testament and laid the seeds for the Protestment Reformation.

Rivers

Are a channeled flow of water that start out as a spring or stream formed by runoff from rain or snow. The Nile River is thee longest river.

Canals

Are artificial waterways constructed by humans to connect two larger water bodies.

Lakes

Are bodies of water in a depression on the earth's surface. The Caspian Sea is actually the largest lake.

Functional Regions

Are defined by a common function such as the area covered by a telephone service

Mountains

Are formed by the movement of geological plates, the process is called orogeny.

Coral reefs

Are formed from millions of tiny, tube-shaped polyps, an animal life form encased in tough limestone skeletons. Fringing, barrier, and atolls are the three types.

Sea

Are large bodies of salt water much smaller than oceans

Rivers

Are large natural streams of fresh water

Commodities

Are natural resources that have to be extracted and purified rather than created, such as mineral ores.

Seas

Are smaller than oceans and are somewhat surrounded by land. Seas include the Mediterranean, Baltic, Caspian, Carribean, and Coral.

Oceans

Are the largest bodies of salt water between continents

Oceans

Are the largest bodies of water on the earth and cover 71% of the earth's surface. There are five major oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Artic, and Southern

Natural resources

Are things provided by nature that have commercial value to humans, such as minerals, energy, timber, fish, wildlife, and the landscape.

Renewable resources

Are those that can be replenished, such as wind, solar radiation, and tides. Water, timber, and soil are renewable with proper conservation and clean-up.

Nonrenewable resources

Are those that cannot be replenished. These include fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and metal ores.

Biomes

Are vegetation zones. Forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra are the four main types.

Subtropical climates

Are very humid areas in tropical areas

What is the "breadbasket"?

Area in the Midwest that has rich soil and produces a lot of corn, wheat

Formal Regions

Areas defined by actual political boundaries such as a city, county, or state

Thomas Hobbes

Argued that humans in their natural state one without government live a life of nasty and short

Canals

Artificial waterways constructed by humans to connect two larger bodies of water; Examples: Panama and Suez

Leonardo Da Vinci

Artist and Inventor, he is also known as the Renissance Man.

Caste System

Aryans from central Asia invaded South Asia and introduced this as a means of controlling the local populations. the Aryans defined key roles in society, then assigned groups of people to them. There was no social mobility.

Law of Supply

As the price increases producers produce more

Sixteenth-century European explorers sought to discover alternative trade routes to which of the following?

Asia

Sixteenth-century European explorers sought to discover alternative trade routes to which of the following? • Australia • North Africa • South America • Asia

Asia

The Himalayas

Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau Has many of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest

What is the process by which a person or group language/cultural comes to resemble those of another group?

Assimilation

Nicolo Machiavelli

Author of Prince and Discourses, which proposed a science of human nature and civil life.

Which Native American cultures is known for its complex temples and pyramids and its cultivation of maize?

Aztec

Which of the following Native American cultures is known for its complex temples and pyramids and its cultivation of maize?

Aztec

In which of the following types of economies do the government and central planners play the largest part in deciding how resources are used and distributed to the people? A. Capitalist B. Command C. Free market D. Traditional

B. Command

Which of the following demonstrates one way the government can promote competition? A.Implementing a tariff on foreign products B.Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation C.Providing tax breaks for consumers D.Creating a national minimum wage

B. Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation In order to promote competition, the government must ensure that one company does not have an unfair advantage over its competitors.

Which of the following examples describes an action performed by the federal government? A. Collecting property taxes to fund public schools B. Establishing trade agreements with other nations C. Determining zoning guidelines for urban development D. Raising sales taxes on major goods

B. Establishing trade agreements with other nations

Which of the following most contributed to Japan's rise as an industrial power in the late nineteenth century? A. Acquiring natural resources from China B. Establishing trade with the United States C. Joining a military alliance with Germany D. Annexing territories from Russia

B. Establishing trade with the United States

Question:Which of the following rights did Thomas Jefferson believe John Adams violated when he signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law? A.The right to bear arms B.Freedom of the press C.The right to assemble peacefully D.Unreasonable searches and seizures

B. Freedom of the press Thomas Jefferson argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the freedom of speech and press.

Which of the following best defines opportunity cost? A. Allocating federal taxes to improve the economy B. Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item C. Having limited resources to produce goods for market D. Allocating funds for the manufacture of a specific product

B. Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item

Which of the following most contributed to the growth of factory production in the United States during the early 1800s? A. Rise in labor union membership B. Introduction of new technologies C. Creation of vocational programs D. Increase in government regulations

B. Introduction of new technologies

Which colony had the highest proportion of German settlers during the colonial period? A. Massachusetts B. Pennsylvania C. New York D. Virginia

B. Pennsylvania

-Boston Tea Party -Boston Massacre -Intolerable Acts The actions listed contributed to which of the following events? A.The French and Indian War B.The American Revolution C.The Proclamation of 1763 D.The War of 1812

B. The American Revolution The three actions listed contributed to the start of the American Revolutionary War.

Which of the following physical features provided a natural barrier against the growth of British colonies in North America? A. The Gulf of Mexico B. The Appalachian Mountains C. The Mississippi River D. The Rocky Mountains

B. The Appalachian Mountains

Which of the following documents was the initial attempt by the American colonists to establish an independent government? A.The Bill of Rights B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Declaration of Independence D.The Constitution of the United States

B. The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation were the first attempt by the colonists to create a government. They were ratified in 1781 and created a confederation of states and a weak central government. The states held the majority of the governmental power.

Which of the following reasons explains why Russia withdrew from the First World War? A.The Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated. B.The Bolshevik Revolution started. C.Nicolas II was crowned czar. D.Warsaw was captured by Germany.

B. The Bolshevik Revolution started. The Bolshevik uprising caused the Russian government to pull out of the war in 1917.

Which of the following events had the greatest impact on the size of the United States? A.The Gadsden Purchase B.The Louisiana Purchase C.The Oregon Treaty D.The annexation of Texas

B. The Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 for $15 million increased the size of the United States by adding 828,000 square miles.

Which of the following is one governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation? A. The creation of an equitable system of taxation B. The ability to negotiate with foreign governments C. The establishment of a powerful executive branch D. The establishment of a system of national courts

B. The ability to negotiate with foreign governments

Which of the following factors most increased cultural diversity within the United States during the early nineteenth century? A. The relocation of American Indians in western territories B. The arrival of European immigrants in urban areas C. The migration of African Americans to northern cities D. The arrival of Asian workers to build railroads

B. The arrival of European immigrants in urban areas

Which of the following is a key component in determining the economic growth of a country? A.The landmass of the country B.The per capita national output C.The amount of natural resources D.The size of the country's population

B. The per capita national output Economic growth is directly related to percentage increase in GNP of a country.

The Russian people's interest in acquiring and wearing American blue jeans is an example of A. cultural diversity B. cultural diffusion C. cultural adaptation D. acculturation

B. cultural diffusion

Which of the following statements best describes the historical settlement of the present-day United States? A.)European powers cooperated with one another to colonize new territories. B.)The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast. C.)Internal migration was discouraged by local government officials. D.)Large groups of Native Americans were assimilated into European settlements.

B.)The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast.

Which of the following most contributes to the cultural cohesion of a community? A.Diverse climate B.Common language C.Natural resources D.Market economy

B.Common language

Which of the following best protects the security of citizens in a democracy? A.Limiting the number of potential candidates in elections B.Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections C.Compensating candidates for money spent in elections D.Mandating that voters participate in elections

B.Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution extended the right to vote to women? A.Eighteenth Amendment B.Nineteenth Amendment C.Twentieth Amendment D.Twenty-First Amendment

B.Nineteenth Amendment

Which of the following organizations was most responsible for the increased tensions over the shortage of a natural resource during the 1970s? A.World Customs Organization B.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries C.World Trade Organization D.North Atlantic Treaty Organization

B.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Which of the following actions is considered primarily a duty of local governments? A.Negotiating with foreign leaders B.Organizing school systems C.Printing paper currency D.Establishing border security

B.Organizing school systems

Which of the following objectives is expressly stated in the preamble to the Constitution? A.Providing for the common defense and establishing political parties B.Providing for the common defense and establishing justice C.Insuring domestic tranquility and establishing voting procedures D.Promoting the general welfare and establishing political parties

B.Providing for the common defense and establishing justice

Which of the following doubled the size of the United States? A.The Gadsden Purchase B.The Louisiana Purchase C.The annexation of Texas D.The cession of Florida

B.The Louisiana Purchase

Which of the following best describes how the increasing popularity of automobiles transformed the United States during the early twentieth century? A.The percentage of people who lived in rural areas increased. B.The number of roads that were paved increased. C.The percentage of minorities who voted increased. D.The number of mass transit systems that were built increased.

B.The number of roads that were paved increased.

Which of the following best describes President Woodrow Wilson's main justification for the entry of the United States into World War I? A.The threat of communism around the world needed to be eliminated. B.The world needed to be made safe for democracy. C.The Allied Powers demanded that war reparations be paid by Germany. D.The Central Powers launched an attack against a United States naval base

B.The world needed to be made safe for democracy.

Map types

Base maps - created by aerial and field surveys Topographic maps - show natural and man-made surface features of the Earth Thematic maps - show data based on a theme, such as population, wildlife distribution, economic trends

Declaration of Independence

Based on: greek ideas of democracy individual rights ideas of european enlightenment renaissance Philosophy of John Locke

Which of the following American Civil War battles immediately preceded the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Battle of Antietam

Which of the following American Civil War battles immediately preceded the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation? • Battle of Gettysburg • Battle of Bull Run • Battle of Antietam • Battle of Vicksburg

Battle of Antietam

Which event occurred last in the American Revolution? -Passing the Intolerable Acts -The Boston Tea Party -Declaration of Independence -Battle of Yorktown

Battle of Yorktown

Protestant Reformation

Began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church which became dominant/corrupt during the Middle Ages but eventually led to separation from it; Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses to the door of a church which criticized unethical practices, doctrines and the Pope; John Calvin followed; this movement resulted in new denominations: Lutheran, Presbyterian, Calvinist, Reformed and Anglican

Protestant Reformation

Began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church, but eventually led to the separation from it. It did cause the Catholic Church to reform itself, and resulting in a preliferation of new denominations.

Who was a founding father that died in 1790?

Benjamin Franklin

Alliance with France

Benjamin Franklin negotiated an agreement with France to fight with the Americans in 1778

Topographic map

Best used for determining the difference in elevation between a river and a close by mountain range

French and Indian War

Between the British and the French both with Indian allies. Was ended by the Treaty of Paris. France was forced to give up all of its North American territory. Britain gained all of the land east of the Mississippi River and Spain gained the land west of the Mississippi River.

-The first ten amendments to the Constitution - Ratified in 1791

Bill of Rights

What is the name of the first 10 Amendments?

Bill of Rights

Lakes

Bodies of water in a depression; Examples: Great Lakes and Lake Victoria

Bays

Bodies of water smaller than a gulf and nearly surrounded by land

Judicial Branch

Branch of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly- Supreme court, Other Federal Courts

Legislative Branch

Branch of government that makes the laws- Congress, Senate, House of Representatives

Allied Powers

Britain, France, and Russia in WWI

American Revolution

British settlers who rebelled against England in the Thirteen Colonies

Which of the following is the best example of cultural diffusion?

Buddhism spread from India to China

Aztec indians

Built stone temples and pyramids in central Mexico, specifically the great pyramid of Tenochtitlan in present-day Mexico City. Also known for their cultivation of maize.

Which of the following American Civil War battles immediately preceded the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation? A.Battle of Gettysburg B.Battle of Bull Run C.Battle of Antietam D.Battle of Vicksburg

C. Battle of Antietam Lincoln was advised to wait for a decisive Union victory before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation to show that the Union could enforce the Proclamation. The Battle of Antietam ended with the Confederates being driven out of Maryland. Lincoln felt comfortable enough with this to issue the Proclamation five days after the battle.

In which of the following types of economies does the government have the most control of the country's resources? A.Traditional B.Free market C.Command D.Mixed

C. Command In a command economy the means of production and resources are owned by the government.

Which of the following forms of government consists of a union of several countries with some or most power shared between them? A.Dictatorship B.Republic C.Confederation D.Monarchy

C. Confederation A confederation consists of a union of several states or countries, united for a common purpose. Confederations occasionally have a central authority, but the majority of the power lies with the states or countries.

Which of the following rulers was most responsible for ending the persecution of Christians in Ancient Rome? A.Alexander the Great B.Julius Caesar C.Constantine D.Nero

C. Constantine Constantine was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, and he also ended the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire through the Edict of Milan in 313.

Which of the following ancient civilizations used hieroglyphics as a way to communicate? A.Greece B.Rome C.Egypt D.China

C. Egypt The Egyptians used hieroglyphics as their form of writing.

Which of the following are the main religions in Nepal? A.Sikhism and Buddhism B.Buddhism and Confucianism C.Hinduism and Buddhism D.Christianity and Judaism

C. Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism and Buddhism are the two main religions practiced in Nepal.

Which of the following is most associated with the Boston Tea Party? A. Impressment of sailors B. Quartering of troops in homes C. Increased taxes on commodities D. Restrictions on due process

C. Increased taxes on commodities

Which of the following describes a significant effect of deforestation in South America? A. Reduction of transportation hubs B. Decreased demand for arable land C. Increased threats to wildlife habitats D. Decrease in foreign trade

C. Increased threats to wildlife habitats

Which of the following presidents expanded the United States space program by establishing the goal of landing astronauts on the Moon? A. Harry S. Truman B. Dwight Eisenhower C. John F. Kennedy D. Gerald Ford

C. John F. Kennedy

Which of the following contributed to a decline in the prices of farm goods in the late-nineteenth-century United States? A. Shortages of agricultural machinery caused by labor strikes B. Shortages of arable land C. Overproduction of agricultural products D. The aftermath of the Civil War

C. Overproduction of agricultural products

Which of the following is a shared power between state and federal governments? A.Making treaties with nations B.Appointing local judges C.Raising taxes D.Passing city ordinances

C. Raising taxes. Both the federal government and state government can levy and raise taxes.

Which of the following characteristics best describes the New England colonies? A. Rich farmland and humid climate B. Good harbors and moderate climate C. Rocky terrain and cold winters D. Coastal lowlands and moderate winters

C. Rocky terrain and cold winters

Which of the following is a responsibility of the executive branch? A.Ratifying proposed amendments to the Constitution B.Declaring war on countries that threaten national security C.Signing proposed bills into law D.Declaring laws that infringe on personal freedoms unconstitutional

C. Signing proposed bills into laws. It is a responsibility of the president to sign bills into law.

What did the United States Supreme Court conclude in its 1857 ruling on the Dred Scott case? A. The importation of slaves from Africa was illegal. B. Slaves were free once their owners took them to free states. C. Slaves had no legal right to sue for their freedom. D. Slaves could be freed once their owners died

C. Slaves had no legal right to sue for their freedom.

Which of the following is the best example of how humans impact topography? A.Using technology to predict earthquakes B.Mapping a local river system C.Strip-mining an area for minerals D.Migrating from rural to urban areas

C. Strip-mining an area for minerals Strip-mining removes large sections of land from an area. It can remove the tops from mountains, altering their elevation and the way precipitation runoff sculpts the remainder of the landscape.

Which of the following is associated with the relocation of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma? A. The Dawes Act B. The Adams-Onis Treaty C. The Trail of Tears D. The Great Migration

C. The Trail of Tears

Which of the following statements is correct about the Battles of Lexington and Concord? A.The battles convinced the French to aid the Continental army. B.General Washington crossed the Potomac to engage in the battles. C.The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain. D.General Cornwallis agreed to surrender after the battles.

C. The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain. Although the Americans had not yet declared independence, the Battles of Lexington and Concord are known as the first battles of the war.

Which of the following was a reaction by the American public to tensions created by the Cold War? A.A decline in entrepreneurship B.The mass migration of minorities to rural areas C.The construction of private bomb shelters D.A reduction in consumer spending

C. The construction of private bomb shelters. During the 1950s and 1960s people in the United States built private bomb shelters because of the fear of a nuclear attack during the Cold War.

Which of the following elements is contained in the United States Constitution but not in the Articles of Confederation? A.A process to propose and approve amendments B.The power for Congress to declare war C.The establishment of an executive branch D.A unicameral legislative structure

C. The establishment of an executive branch. Under the Articles of Confederation there was no executive branch. There was a president, but he had a primarily ceremonial role within Congress.

Which of the following changes would most likely occur in a community with high rates of immigration? A. The reduction of small business revenues B. A decline in religious observances C. The establishment of new cultural festivals D. An increase in zoning regulations

C. The establishment of new cultural festivals

Which of the following regions has the greatest frequency of tornadoes? A.The Middle East B.The east coast of Australia C.The midwestern United States D.The Far East

C. The midwestern United States

Which of the following is true of the effect of high tariffs on an economy in the long run? A. They increase the market for exports. B. They decrease employment in the industries protected by the tariff. C. They benefit some groups at the expense of others. D. They encourage industries protected by the tariff to be more efficient and competitive.

C. They benefit some groups at the expense of others.

Which of the following is considered a right of United States citizenship? A. To obey laws B. To serve on a jury C. To worship freely D. To pay income taxes

C. To worship freely

Which of the following is the most effective method for a farmer to use to minimize the effects of a drought? A. Using greenhouses B. Building terraces C. Using drip irrigation D. Flooding fields

C. Using drip irrigation

Which of the following are the most common geological threats to the country of Mexico? A.Hurricanes and tsunamis B.Tornadoes and blizzards C.Volcanoes and earthquakes D.Tsunamis and landslides

C. Volcanoes and earthquakes The biggest geological threats to Mexico faces are volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

Which of the following is required for an individual to cast a ballot in any federal election in the United States? A. Membership in a political party B. A valid driver's license C. Voter registration D. Payment of a poll tax

C. Voter registration

Which of the following scenarios would most directly increase a nation's gross domestic product? A.A rise in unemployment rates B.A rapid growth in population C.A rise in the price of exported goods D.A decision to implement economic sanctions

C.A rise in the price of exported goods

Which of the following developments prompted the United States Congress to pass the USA PATRIOT Act? A.A Middle East oil embargo in 1973 B.The start of the Iran-Iraq War C.An attack by terrorists in 2001 D.The outbreak of the Cuban missile crisis

C.An attack by terrorists in 2001

Which of the following conflicts contributed to an agreement between British colonies known as the Albany Plan? A.American Revolution B.King Philip's War C.French and Indian War D.War of 1812

C.French and Indian War

Which TWO of the following natural resources were European explorers trying to acquire during the early exploration of North America? A.Platinum B.Zinc C.Gold D.Iron E.Silver F.Ivory

C.Gold E.Silver

Which of the following architectural innovations is attributed to classical Greece? A.Aqueduct B.Minaret C.Ionic column D.Flying buttress

C.Ionic column

Which of the following is recognized by three of the world's major religions as a holy city? A.Mecca B.Cairo C.Jerusalem D.Tehran

C.Jerusalem

Ramon can spend his time creating calligraphy cards or baking muffins. He chooses to bake muffins. Which of the following economic terms best describes the calligraphy cards in this scenario? A.Scarce resource B.Production cost C.Opportunity cost D.Factor of production

C.Opportunity cost (opportunity cost is the value of the next-highest-valued alternative, which in this case would be the cards.)

Which TWO factors contributed to the failure of the Articles of Confederation? A.Congress abused its power to tax. B.Congress overregulated foreign trade. C.States printed local currencies. D.The executive branch abused its power to negotiate treaties. E.The federal government was unable to enforce laws

C.States printed local currencies. E.The federal government was unable to enforce laws

Which of the following best describes how the farming techniques used by the Inca developed? A.Vast plains resulted in pastoral farming. B.Annual flooding resulted in the development of commercial farms. C.Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms. D.Lack of rainfall resulted in dry farming.

C.Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms.

-Availability of abundant natural resources -Federal laws enacted to protect property rights -Extensive patent laws passed Which of the following developments was made possible as a result of the factors listed above? A.The Great Depression B.The Great Awakening C.The Industrial Revolution D.The Great Recession

C.The Industrial Revolution

Which of the following best characterizes a resource as scarce? A.The production of the resource exceeds the demand for it. B.The resource is renewable. C.The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available. D.The government subsidizes the resource.

C.The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available.

Which of the following rights is most characteristic of a democracy? A.The right to achieve financial security B.The right to worship in a government church C.The right to participate in the electoral process D.The right to a publicly funded education

C.The right to participate in the electoral process

Which of the following describes the primary purpose of cross-cultural comparisons? A.To determine which culture is superior B.To establish the land rights of a cultural group C.To identify traits shared between cultures D.To predict cultural migration patterns

C.To identify traits shared between cultures

Which of the following describes the primary reason for the establishment of time zones in the United States? A.To create uniform borders between states B.To align all cities with the prime meridian C.To improve the efficiency of transportation D.To maintain physical national boundaries

C.To improve the efficiency of transportation

Human Characteristics

Canals, Roads, tunnels

What is NW, NE, SW, and SE called?

Cardinal Directions

World War I

Caused by competition between industrial nations in Europe and a failure of diplomacy

Mayans

Central America, biggest cities were in modern day Guatemala (south of Mexico) Known for temples/pyramids Developed the mathmatics concept of zero

Dictatorship

Centralizes all political control in itself Enforces its will with strong police force Oligarchy

Archipelago

Chain of islands that largely comprise Indonesia and The Philippines

Mountain Range

Chains of mountains

Rivers

Channeled flow of water that start out as a spring/stream formed by runoff from rain or snow; flow from higher to lower ground and empty into a sea or ocean; Examples: Amazon, Nile, Mississippi, Ganges, Yangtze

Market socialism

Characterized by both markets and planning

Which of the following individuals is most known for his contributions to aviation?

Charles Lindbergh

Who is known for his contributions to aviation?

Charles Lindbergh

African Americans traveled to Michigan

Chicago during the 20th century.. Why?,- escape economic conditions in the south (promise of greater prosperity in the North) -when WW1 happened men in factories left, blacks traveler North to take their jobs -economy was desperate and paid blacks to migrate North -some moved due to not liking the conditions of the South (lynching, inequality in education, unfair legal system)

Dred Scott vs. Sandford Case in 1857

Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that all blacks - slaves as well as free blacks - were not and could never become citizens of the United States

Which of the following has occurred as a result of China's rapid economic growth?

China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide

What has occurred as a result of China's rapid economic growth?

China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide.

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote b/c of race or color

Which of the following is one characteristic of a democracy?

Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials

Which of the following is one characteristic of a democracy? • Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials. • Government power is controlled by a few individuals. • Government power is controlled by a single monarch. • Citizens are punished for criticizing government officials.

Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials.

14th Amendment

Citizenship for African Americans

In which of the following types of economies do the government and central planners play the largest part in deciding how resources are used and distributed to the people?

Command

In which of the following types of economies does the government have the most control of the country's resources?

Command

The type of economy that the government have the most control of the country's resources?

Command Economy

What type of economy do the government and central planners play the largest part in deciding how resources are used and distributed to the people?

Command Economy

Column A lists theoretical models of economic organization and column B lists their major strength. Which of the following is the best match?

Command is less likely than other economic systems to have problems related to scarcity

Lewis And Clark Expedition

Commissioned by Thomas Jefferson, shortly after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Supplied a great amount of detail for the map of northwestern U.S (which was sparse up until that time). Kept journals of their discoveries which Sacagawea was able to maintain.

What most contributes to the cultural cohesion of a community?

Common Language

Which of the following most contributes to the cultural cohesion of a community? • Diverse climate • Common language • Natural resources • Market economy

Common language

Early empires

Common traits were: strong military, centralized government, money, and taxes. Athens, Sparta, Egypt, and Sumer

Communist Economy

Communist government owns and control all means of production without any private interest all resources.

Landform

Comprises a geomorphological unit categorized by characteristics such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type

Which of the following items are both human wants?

Computers and sports equipment

Which of the following items are both human wants? • Shelter and clothing • Food and cars • Clothing and video games • Computers and sports equipment

Computers and sports equipment

Monroe Doctrine

Conceived by President James Monroe in 1823, this foreign policy warned European powers to cease colonization of Central and South America. In return, the United States would not meddle in political affairs or standing colonies of Europe.

Physical Geography

Concerned with the locations of such features as climates, water, and land as well as how these relate to and affect each other

Environmental Policy

Concerned with the sustainability of the Earth and the preservation of a region, habitat, or ecosystem

The power to levy and collect taxes is an example of what types of powers? -Reserved powers -Expressed powers -Delegated powers -Concurrent powers

Concurrent powers (Both the federal and state governments have the power to levy and collect taxes of citizens, meaning it is a power that exists for both the federal and state governments, making it a concurrent power. )

Which of the following forms of government consists of a union of several countries with some or most power shared between them?

Confederation

Which of the following forms of government consists of a union of several countries with some or most power shared between them? • Dictatorship • Republic • Confederation • Monarchy

Confederation

Legislative Branch

Congress House of Representatives: 2 year term, must be at least 25 years old, 435 members Senate: 6 year term (no term limit), at least 30 years old, each state has 2 seats.

New England Colonies

Connecticut New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island

13 colonies

Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Caroline and Virginia

Original 13 Colonies

Connecticut, Deleware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia.

Judicial Branch

Consists of a series of courts and related entities with the top body being the Supreme Court

Executive Branch

Consists of president and vice preseident

Legislative Branch

Consists primarily of the House of Representatives and the Senate

Which of the following rulers was most responsible for ending the persecution of Christians in Ancient Rome?

Constantine

Which of the following rulers was most responsible for ending the persecution of Christians in Ancient Rome? • Alexander the Great • Julius Caesar • Constantine • Nero

Constantine

Law of Demand

Consumers will buy more of a good when its price is lower and less when its price is higher

Physical map

Contains labels for countries and capital cities as well as major physical feature like plains, rivers, plateaus, and mountains

The Federal Reserve Act

Created the bational bankig system, providing a more stable money supply

The Russian people's interest in acquiring and wearing American blue jeans is an example of

Cultural Diffusion

The Russian people's interest in acquiring and wearing American blue jeans is an example of?

Cultural Diffusion

The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

Cultural Diversity

What is the type of unemployment called during a recession?

Cyclical

Types of unemployment

Cyclical, frictional, and structural

Which of the following actions would be taken by the Federal Reserve? A.Printing money to introduce into circulation B.Restricting the buying and selling of stocks on Wall Street C.Creating a national budget to present to Congress D.Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation

D. Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation. Adjusting interest rates to limit inflation is a responsibility of the Federal Reserve Bank.

Which of the following is correct based on the law of supply? A.A decrease in the demand of a product will result in an increase in supply. B.An increase in the demand for one product leads to a fall in the demand for another. C.A decrease in the value of a currency will cause the value of another currency to decline. D.An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply.

D. An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply. Based on the law of supply, if the price of a product increases, then it is advantageous for the providers of that product to increase production.

Which of the following Native American cultures is known for its complex temples and pyramids and its cultivation of maize? A. Mohican B. Pequot C. Hopi D. Aztec

D. Aztec

Which of the following individuals is most known for his contributions to aviation? A.Henry Ford B.Andrew Carnegie C.Mark Twain D.Charles Lindbergh

D. Charles Lindbergh Charles Lindbergh contributed to aviation by making the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.

Which of the following has occurred as a result of China's rapid economic growth? A.China is no longer one of the world's largest miners of natural resources. B.China has become the world's largest exporter of agricultural products. C.China has become the world's largest importer of consumer goods. D.China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide.

D. China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide. China's industrial expansion has increased its use of fossil fuels, and consequently increased its carbon dioxide emissions.

Which of the following items are both human wants? A. Shelter and clothing B. Food and cars C. Clothing and video games D. Computers and sports equipment

D. Computers and sports equipment

The relative scarcity of arable land in China led to which of the following patterns in Chinese social life? A. Extensive low-intensity agriculture with an emphasis on grazing animals B. Equal population density across all zones and assignment of the right to inherit land to the first-born child C. Limited agricultural surplus and difficulty in sustaining large-scale states D. Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques

D. Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques

Which of the following groups was declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation? A. Enslaved people who had escaped to western territories B. Enslaved people who lived in border states C. Enslaved people who served in the federal army D. Enslaved people who lived in areas still in rebellion

D. Enslaved people who lived in areas still in rebellion

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of Turkey's largest city? A.It has a very high altitude. B.It has a tropical climate. C.It is the country's largest manufacturing center. D.It is considered part of Europe and Asia.

D. It is considered part of Europe and Asia. Turkey is geographically and politically part of Europe and Asia. Part of Turkey lies in Europe and the remainder of the landmass, including Anatolia, lies in Asia. Istanbul is the only city in the world that is considered part of two continents.

Which of the following best explains the economic depression Germany experienced following the First World War? A. The number of labor union members increased across the country. B. Banks offered low-interest loans to help rebuild homes. C. The government implemented regulations to help improve worker safety. D. Mandatory reparations caused massive inflation in the country.

D. Mandatory reparations caused massive inflation in the country.

Which of the following events took place as a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 ? A.Members of the Seminole tribe peaceably relocated to Florida. B.The United States Army relocated members of the Creek Nation to Georgia. C.The Sioux were the only remaining tribes in the southeastern United States. D.Members of the Cherokee Nation were forced to move to the western United States.

D. Members of the Cherokee Nation were forced to move to the western United States. The Cherokee refused to leave their land, even suing for their rights. However, they were eventually forced to relocate in 1838 and 1839 in a migration that is known as the Trail of Tears.

Question:Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote? A.Thirteenth B.Fifteenth C.Seventeenth D.Nineteenth

D. Nineteenth The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified on August 18, 1920, giving women the right to vote in the United States.

Which of the following events is recognized as the end of the American Civil War? A. The second Battle of Bull Run B. The election of Abraham Lincoln C. The secession of South Carolina D. The Battle of Appomattox Court House

D. The Battle of Appomattox Court House

Which of the following events of the American Revolution occurred last? A.The passage of the Intolerable Acts B.The dumping of tea into Boston Harbor C.The signing of the Declaration of Independence D.The Battle of Yorktown

D. The Battle of Yorktown In 1781, General George Washington and the Continental army attacked and captured the British fort at Yorktown, Virginia. This victory led to the surrender of British General Cornwallis and peace negotiations to end the American Revolution began soon after.

Which of the following best explains why the expansion of the American colonies was limited under British rule? A.The Spanish held the territory west of the Appalachian Mountains. B.Bad weather and poor soil prevented crops from growing south of the colonies. C.Most of the American colonists were fishermen and lived along the eastern shoreline. D.The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west.

D. The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west. The Proclamation of 1763 forbade any settlement by English colonists west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British refused to provide protection to colonists settling in this area.

Which of the following is an effect of the Gulf Stream? A. North America is significantly dryer and colder than it otherwise would be. B. The North Atlantic has the most unstable weather of any ocean on Earth. C. Travel time for ships and aircraft is much shorter from Europe to North America than from North America to Europe. D. The climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.

D. The climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.

Which of the following most contributed to the expansion of the Roman Empire under Emperor Augustus? A. The collection of taxes from conquered areas B. The appointment of public officials to the government C. The toleration of monotheism in conquered lands D. The establishment of an organized military system

D. The establishment of an organized military system

Which of the following contributed to the development of both ancient China and Rome? A. The building of large universities B. The printing of paper currency C. The practice of representative government D. The establishment of trade centers

D. The establishment of trade centers

Which of the following actions led to United States involvement in the First World War? A. The bombing of naval bases in the Pacific B. The surrender of military forces from Russia C. The invasion of neutral territories by Germany D. The use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic

D. The use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic

Which of the following statements describes an advantage the South had over the North during the Civil War? A.They had a larger population to provide troops for their army. B.They had greater access to railroads to move their troops. C.They had more manufacturing centers to produce munitions. D.They had more experienced generals to lead their troops.

D. They had more experienced generals to lead their troops. The South had commanders which included Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson. Their military leaders had more experience than the Northern military leaders.

In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed in order to A. establish the right to a trial by jury B. abolish slavery C. guarantee freedom of speech D. guarantee women the right to vote

D. guarantee women the right to vote

Which of the following describes a physical characteristic that a developer would use when planning a residential community? A.Evaluating the quality of local schools B.Assessing the median income of the surrounding communities C.Calculating the potential growth of neighboring businesses D.Analyzing the proximity to flood zones

D.Analyzing the proximity to flood zones

Which of the following actions is the direct result of how humans impact the environment? A.Erosion B.Earthquake C.Mudslide D.Deforestation

D.Deforestation

Which of the following would most contribute to an entrepreneur's success? A.Tariffs and exports B.Labor and exports C.Capital and tariffs D.Labor and capital

D.Labor and capital

Which of the following topics is most related to the Roman "Twelve Tables"? A.Art B.Architecture C.Philosophy D.Law

D.Law

Which of the following best describes why the Amazon Basin is considered a region? A.The tributaries of the Amazon River drain into the Atlantic Ocean. B.The indigenous people living in the Amazon rain forest speak the same language. C.Seasonal rainfall in the Amazon rain forest is consistent throughout the year. D.Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.

D.Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.

Which of the following events resulted in the United States gaining control of the Philippines? A.The Vietnam War B.World War I C.The Korean War D.Spanish-American War

D.Spanish-American War

Which of the following describes one outcome of the Battle of Saratoga? A.The British government gave the colonists equal representation in Parliament. B.The colonists formed a military alliance with Mexico against the British. C.The battle immediately led to the surrender of all British forces in the American colonies. D.The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.

D.The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.

Which of the following was written to raise public support for the ratification of the United States Constitution? A.The South Carolina Exposition B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Virginia Declaration of Rights D.The Federalist Papers

D.The Federalist Papers (The Federalist papers were series of 85 essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay urging the citizens of New York to ratify the new United States Constitution)

Which of the following events contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War? A.Interception of the Zimmermann telegram B.Bombing of a United States naval base C.A naval confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin D.The sinking of a United States battleship

D.The sinking of a United States battleship

Which of the following best describes why a democratic government regulates the economy? A.)To guarantee fair elections B.)To protect civil rights C.)To provide federal jobs D.)To ensure financial stability

D.To ensure financial stability

Boston Tea Party

December 16, 1773 Samuel Adams and the sons of Liberty boarded 3 ships in Boston Harbor and threw 342 chest of tea overboard. This resulted in the punitive coercive. Acts in 1774 and push 2 sides closer to war.

Choice

Decision made or course of action taken when faced with a set of alternatives The act of selecting among alternatives

13th Amendment

Declared slavery illegal

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

10th Amendment

Define the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

Which of the following actions is the direct result of how humans impact the environment?

Deforestation

Which of the following actions is the direct result of how humans impact the environment? • Erosion • Earthquake • Mudslide • Deforestation

Deforestation

Which colony was called "New Sweden?"

Delaware

Which of the following describes the compromise over slavery that the delegates agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention?

Delegates agreed on how slaves would be counted in the census

What describes the compromise over slavery that the delegates agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention?

Delegates agreed on how slaves would be counted in the census.

Circular model

Describes the flow of money and products throughout the economy in a very simplified way

Thematic Map

Designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific area. (Think how many African Americans live in NJ and is represented by the color green)

A topographic map is best used for:

Determining the difference in elevation between a river and a close by mountain range

Ancient Mesopotamia

Develop one of the early river valley civilization through the use of river water for irrigating crops

The following are groups within a local police department: I. street patril II. detective work III. domestic cases IV. traffic control The organizational structure is a reflection of which economic concept:

Division of labor

10th amendment

Division of power between national and state government

Tenth Amendments

Division of power between national and state government

Short term physical changes

Droughts, floods, and snowstorms

The Spanish Explorers

During the 1500's the Spanish created an empire by conquering the New World. In doing so, they defeated the British, the French, and the indigenous peoples that occupied this region. The impact on the indigenous peoples was devastating

The relative scarcity of arable land in China led to what pattern in Chinese social life?

Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques

The relative scarcity of arable land in China led to which of the following patterns in Chinese social life?

Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques

The relative scarcity of arable land in China led to which of the following patterns in Chinese social life?

Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques.

Long term physical changes

Earthquakes and erosion

The Appalachians

Eastern North America From Pennsylvania to Georgia

Similarity btw 18th century France and 20th century Russia?

Economy

Market Economy

Economy that operates by voluntary exchane in a free market and is not planned or controlled by a central authority

The book Silent Springs deals with?

Effects on the environment, particularly on birds and the use of pesticides

What ancient civilizations used hieroglyphics as a way to communicate?

Egypt

direct primary

Election in which voters choose party nominees.

Which of the following demonstrates one way the government can promote competition?

Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation

Which of the following demonstrates one way the government can promote competition? • Implementing a tariff on foreign products • Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation • Providing tax breaks for consumers • Creating a national minimum wage

Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation

1 degree turn) 27 nations agreed at the 1884 International Meridian Conference to create the time zone system which consists of 24 time zones (to equal 24 hours in a day) The 1884 Conference established the meridian passing through Greenwich

England (zero point AKA prime meridian) 180th meridian

Prime meridian goes through which countries?

England,France, Spain, Ghana, Togo, Algeria, Mali

Which of the following groups was declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation?

Enslaved people who lived in areas still in rebellion

Which group was declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation?

Enslaved people who lived in areas still in rebellion.

Which of the following best protects the security of citizens in a democracy?

Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections

Which of the following best protects the security of citizens in a democracy? • Limiting the number of potential candidates in elections • Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections • Compensating candidates for money spent in elections • Mandating that voters participate in elections

Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections

Second Continental Congress

Established the Continental Army and chose George Washington as its commanding general. They allowed printing of money and created government offices.

Which of the following best describes the significance of the decision in Marbury vs. Madison in American history?

Established the practice of judicial review by the Supreme Court

Which of the following examples describes an action performed by the federal government?

Establishing trade agreements with other nations

Action performed by the federal government?

Establishing trade agreements with other nations.

Which of the following most contributed to Japan's rise as an industrial power in the late nineteenth century?

Establishing trade with the United States

What most contributed to Japan's rise as an industrial power in the late nineteenth century?

Establishing trade with the United States.

Absolute Location

Exact spot where coordinates meet

A circular model shows what feature of a market economy?

Exchange of goods and services

3 Branches of Government

Executive (President/VP, elected for 4-year terms, enforce laws); Judicial (Supreme Court, appointed by the President and approved by Congress, interpret laws); Legislative (Congress, House of Reps: 2 year terms, Senate: 6 year terms, make the laws)

- central government divided into three branches: Legislative

Executive, and Judicial - by checks and balances. - The Bill of Rights - national gov't that controlled taxes, army, trade, and currency.

Whig Party

Existed from 1833 to 1856. It started in opposition to Jackson's authoritarian policies.

Holy Roman Empire

Existed from 912 to 1806. -Otto the Great reunited most of the lands of Charlemaynes Empire -Otto was crowed emperor by the Pope in 962 and had an unbroken line of succession of emperors for over eight centuries. -Otto involved the church, but tried to limit its power. The church slowly aquired control, which corrupted many of the church leaders. Simony, is the buying and selling of church positions. -One of Otto's legacies was the rivalry against church and state. -The Emporer of the empire was always crowned by the church.

Which of the following was the main reason for replacing the Articles of Confederation with the US constitution?

Expand the powers of the national government

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement?

Expenditures exceed revenue from taxes is called a cyclical crisis

20th Amendment

FDR Congress begins on January 30th

New Deal

FDR's plan to help fix the problems with the U.S. economy.

United Nations

Facilitates cooperation in international law, security, and international rights. Founded after WWII to replace the League of Nations

Brown vs Board of Education

Famous case that allow African Americans to attend the same school as Caucasians

Scarcity of land

Farmers in China used cast iron tools, animals to pull POWs, irrigation, and water conservation projects to increase farm production

Great Depression

Farmers went into a Depression when foreign markets started growing their own crops again; increased credit buying, bank war debts and gaps between the rich and the poor allowed the stock market to crash in October 1929; The Result: the economy spiraled downward, banks failed, people became unemployed, industrial production fell and national income level dropped

The Whigs

Favored strong national growth United behind President John Quincy Adams Northeast businesspeople supported them Farmers did not support them

10th Amendment

Federalism is the division of power between the national and state governments The U.S. Constitution establishes this federalist structure through the Tenth Amendment

Alexander Hamilton

Federalist who believed the federal government should have more power over the state, supported the first bank, favored business leaders and mistrusted the commoners

Ferdinand Magellan

First to circumnavigate (sail all around) the globe

Populism

Flourished in late 19th/early 20th centuries concerned with common-sense needs of average people Attempted to meet demand for reform because of Industrial Revolution

Meteorological Map

Forecast, weather map (think about watching the news for the weather and the different maps presented)

Knights of Labor

Formed in 1878 that called for social and economic reform; replaced by American Federation of Labor led by Samuel Gompers

Knights of Labor

Formed in 1878- calling for sweeping social and economic reform.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO

Formes in 1949 for the purpose of opposing communist aggression

Federal Government

Forming trade agreements with other nations is a government action restricted to the federal government.

Democratic party

Founded by Andrew Jackson, supported a decentralized government and state rights

- Rich soil - Abundant fishing grounds - Access to freshwater Which of the following actions by European colonists was most affected by these factors?

Founding of settlements

1. Rich soil 2. Abundant fishing grounds 3. Access to freshwater Which of the following actions by European colonists was most affected by these factors? • Creation of new maps • Trading with Native Americans • Founding of settlements • Development of plantations

Founding of settlements

War of 1812

France v British; blockades hurt American trade; Jefferson imposed an embargo against France and Britain; British captured Washington, D.C. and burned down the White House; war ended in 1815 with the Treaty of Ghent which negotiated peace with United States; war made America more self-sufficient with fewer ports

Which rights did Thomas Jefferson believe John Adams violated when he signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law?

Freedom of Press

First Amendment

Freedom of Religion

1st Amendment

Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Freedom of Assembly Freedom to appeal to government for relief

Which of the following rights did Thomas Jefferson believe John Adams violated when he signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law?

Freedom of the press

1st Amendment

Freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly and petition

Which group of colonies were most willing to work with the Native Americans?

French

Which of the conflicts contributed to an agreement between British colonies known as the Albany Plan?

French and Indian War

Which of the following conflicts contributed to an agreement between British colonies known as the Albany Plan? • American Revolution • King Philip's War • French and Indian War • War of 1812

French and Indian War

Wars

French and Indian, American Revolution, US Civil, Spanish American, World War I, World War II, Korean, Vietnam, Persian Gulf, Invasion of Afghanistan, and Invasion of Iraq

Founding Fathers

GBT JSJ P George Washington Ben Franklin Thomas Paine John Adams Samuel Adams James Madison Patrick Henry

Which of the following best defines opportunity cost?

Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item

Which of the following best defines opportunity cost? - Allocating federal taxes to improve the economy • Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item • Having limited resources to produce goods for market • Allocating funds for the manufacture of a specific product

Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item

The Boston Tea Party

Gave the British East India company a monopoly on sales of tea. Colonists throwed tea in the harbor.

19th Amendment (1920)

Gave women the right to vote

Which of the following statements best describes gender role?

Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group

Martin Luther

German theologian who began the Protestant Reformation Wrote the 95 theses

Center Power

Germany and its allies in WWI

WW1

Germany loses war to: United States, England, France. Treaty of Versailles forced germany to pay, reperations 33 billion to its enemies and to give up land. Result: Germany are angry and humiliated.

French Explorers

Giovanni da Verrazano and Ja

Gettysburg Address

Given by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 at the desication of the national cemetery

Gettysburg Address

Given by President Lincoln, during the Civil War, for the dedication of the Soldier's National Cemetery

Articles of confederation

Goal that was clearly expressed was a limit on the power of the national government. States held the most power and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage

Which TWO of the following natural resources were European explorers trying to acquire during the early exploration of North America?

Gold & Silver

Which TWO of the following natural resources were European explorers trying to acquire during the early exploration of North America? • Platinum • Zinc • Gold • Iron • Silver • Ivory

Gold and Sliver

Which of the following officials is the chief executive at the state level of government?

Governor

Which of the following officials is the chief executive at the state level of government? • Ambassador • Governor • Senator • Mayor

Governor

Pre-Civil War North

Greater population more industries more mineral resources better transportation system

- Held the first Olympics - Polytheistic - Practiced direct democracy Which of the following ancient civilizations is described?

Greece

Democracy started where?

Greece

• Held the first Olympics • Polytheistic • Practiced direct democracy What ancient civilizations is described?

Greece

Which of the following best describes how the US democracy differs from democracy in Athens

Greece?,The US elects representatives as oppose to voting on laws directly.

Homer

Greek poet Wrote Illiad and Odyssey

19th amendment

Guarantee women the right to vote

In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed in order to

Guarantee women the right to vote.

Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes were a part of what period in American history?

Harlem Renaissance

Marshes

Have no trees and are always wet because of frequent floods and poor drainage that leaves shallow water.

Swamps

Have trees and dry periods. The water is very slow-moving.

What was Alexander Hamilton's attitude about the Constitution?

He believed Congress had power to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out its duties

Christopher Columbus

He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India

Lincoln-Douglas debates

Held in Illinois Both running for US Senate from Illinois

Lyndon B. Johnson

Held office from1963 to 1969 and was president during the drafting for the Vietnam War.

Which inventor is most associated with the use of the assembly line?

Henry Ford

Which of the following inventors is most associated with the use of the assembly line?

Henry Ford

The Ring of Fire region is best known for which characteristics?

High levels of seismic activity

The Ring of Fire region is best known for which of the following characteristics?

High levels of seismic activity

The Alps

Highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe Stretches across 8 different countries: France, Monaco, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia

What mountain range has Mt. Everest?

Himalaya

Mt. Everest is located where?

Himalayan mountain (Asia)

Mountain range in Asia

Himalayan, Mt Everest, Karakoram and Pamir

What are the main religions in Nepal?

Hinduism & Buddhism

Which of the following are the main religions in Nepal?

Hinduism and Buddhism

Andrew Jackson

His election is considered the beginning of the modern political party system and the start of the Democratic Party. Jeffersonian Democracy, a system governed by middle and upper class educated property holders. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 too natives out of territories that whites wanted to settle, most notably the Trail Of Tears, moved Cherokees to Oklahoma. The issue of nullification, the right to nullify any federal laws they thought unconstitutional.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Homer Plessy, an African American, refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana Law.

Primaries

How a candidate for a political party is selected 1) Open: anyone can vote 2) Closed: only party members can vote for their own candidates 3) Blanket: voters can vote in primaries of both parties; ruled against in 2000

One-third 1/3

How many seats in the senate are up for election every two years

Spatial Organization

How things or people are grouped in a given space anywhere on Earth

Which issue did the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 resolve?

How to account for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government

Which of the following issues did the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 resolve?

How to account for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government

What is Terrance farming?

Humans have adapted to farm on mountain sides

I. Bill of rights II. Articles of confederation III. Declaration of independence IV. US constitution Which of the following correctly orders the above documents starting from the first written?

III, II, IV, I

Which of the following did Thomas Malthus theorize?

If left unchecked, a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war.

Latitude

Imaginary Horizontal line that divides the globe into a grid (360 degrees); Parallels

Longitude

Imaginary Vertical line that divides the globe into a grid (360 degrees); Meridians

Equator

Imaginary circle around the Earth. Runs east to west through South America and Africa and it divides the Northern and Southern Hemisphere

Contour lines

Imaginary lines that join points of equal elevation above sea level on the land surface

What is a ethnic enclave?

Immigrants staying with their own kind when reaching America. Think: Italians go to little Italy, Chinese go to Chinatown

Tariffs

Implement to protect domestic manufacturing but they may result in a weakening of related economic as those countries affected by the purchase of fewer goods

The sugar act

Imposed a tax on foreign molasses, sugar, and other goods imported into the colonis

Martin Luther

In 1517, posted his "Ninety-Five Theses" on the door of a church in Saxony, which criticized unethical practices, various doctrines, and the authority of the pope. Other reformers such as John Calvin and John Wesley soon followed. Consequently, the Lutheran, Reformed, Calvinist, and Presbytarian churches were founded, among others.

Massachusetts

In 1629, 400 Puritans arrived in Salem, which became an important port and was made famous by the witch trials in 1692. Boston was established in 1630 and Harvard University was established in 1636.

Abigail Adams

In 1776, wrote the now-famous "Remember the Ladies" letter to her husband, John, who was serving as the Massachusetts representative to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia

Treaty of Paris

In 1782, it signaled the official end of the war, granted independence to the colonies, and gave them generous territorial rights.

Constitution

In 1787, a convention was called to write a new constitution because the Articles of Confederation did not work. 12 of the 13 states sent delegates (Rhode Island did not participate). This constitution created three branches of government with checks and balances (separation of powers): Executive (the president), Legislative (bicameral congress, which is now known as The House of Representatives and the Senate) , and Judicial (the Supreme Court). The people were worried about the central government having too much power, since they had just been separated from the British.

Louisiana Purchase

In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from Napolean Bonaparte the ruler of France, for $15 million. The land area of the U.S. More than doubled, which included all the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. Jefferson sent Louis and Clarke to map the new territory.

Missouri Compromise

In 1820, there were 11 free states and 11 slave states. The fear of a power imbalance between slave and free states when Missouri petitioned to become a slave state brought about this agreement.

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence - ended with Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam becoming US protectorates.

Berlin Blockade/Airlift

In 1948, Berlin was blocked off by the Soviet Union in order to strangle the Allied forces. In order to combat this, the United States began to airlift supplies into Berlin.

The shot heard round the world

In April, 1775, English soldiers on their way to confiscate arms in Concord passed through Lexington, Massachusetts and met the colonial militia called the Minutemen. A fight ensued. In Concord, a larger group of Minutemen forced the British to retreat.

The Gettysburg Address

In November 1863, President Abraham Lincoln was invited to deliver remarks, which later became known as the Gettysburg Address, at the official dedication ceremony for the National Cemetery of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, on the site of one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of the Civil War.

Scarcity of arable land

In order to compensate for a scarcity of land, farmers in China used cast iron tools, animals to pull plows, irrigation, and water conservation projects to increase efficiency in farm production.

Thomas Hobbes influence on the U.S. Constitution

In the political treatise Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes argued that humans in their natural state (one without a government) live a life that is "nasty, brutish, and short." It is only with mutual consent that people agree to a government system.

A local clothing store offers customers fifty percent off the price of all inventory items. Which of the following economic terms best describes this example?

Incentive

A local clothing store offers customers fifty percent off the price of all inventory items. Which of the following economic terms best describes this example? • Incentive • Production • Consumption • Scarcity

Incentive

Which of the following were impacts of the Child Labor Laws passed in the early 19th century? Check all that apply. -Reduced employment hours -Increased union contributions -Increased adult wages -Reduced factory injuries -Increased school enrollment

Increased adult wages, Reduced factory injuries, Reduced employment hours and increased school enrollment

Which of the following was a major effect of the New Deal in the United States?

Increased federal government spending

Which of the following was a major effect of the New Deal in the United States?

Increased federal government spending after the Great Depression

The New Deal

Increased federal government spending.

What was a major effect of WWII on women and minorities in the US?

Increased opportunities in the workplace

An effect of the interstate highway system on life in the United States?

Increased suburban development

Which of the following describes the effect of the interstate highway system on life in the United States?

Increased suburban development

The establishment of trade centers

Increased taxes on commodities

Which of the following is most associated with the Boston Tea Party? • Impressment of sailors • Quartering of troops in homes • Increased taxes on commodities • Restrictions on due process

Increased taxes on commodities

A significant effect of deforestation in South America.

Increased threats to wildlife habitats

Which of the following describes a significant effect of deforestation in South America?

Increased threats to wildlife habitats

What country received its independence from Great Britain in 1947?

India

Which of the following countries received its independence from Great Britain in 1947?

India

What countries have territorial claims in Kashmir?

India, Pakistan, and China

Which of the following countries have territorial claims in Kashmir?

India, Pakistan, and China

Which of the following is most critical for a historical researcher to consider when reading through resources on individuals being interviewed on the impact of the Great Depression had on the State in 1970?

Individuals don't understand the impact it had on history

Which of the following provides the basic reason for the support of public education in the US?

Informed citizens

What contributed to the growth of factory production in the United States during the early 1800s?

Introduction of new technologies

Which of the following most contributed to the growth of factory production in the United States during the early 1800s?

Introduction of new technologies

Which of the following architectural innovations is attributed to classical Greece?

Ionic Column

Which of the following architectural innovations is attributed to classical Greece? • Aqueduct • Minaret • Ionic column • Flying buttress

Ionic column

Which of the following describes the use of a natural resource in the development of early Mesopotamian society?

Irrigating crops with river water

Which of the following describes the use of a natural resource in the development of early Mesopotamian society? • Irrigating crops with river water • Hunting animals on plateaus • Farming crops on terraced hillsides • Navigating ships on oceans

Irrigating crops with river water

Inflation

Is defined as a sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services. It is measured as an annual percentage increase. As inflation rises, every dollar you own buys a smaller percentage of a good or service.

Marine climate

Is one near or surrounded by water

Humid continental climate

Is one that has four seasons

New England

Is six states of the Northeastern United States: Conneticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont

Renissance

Is the French word for rebirth, and is used to describe the renewal of interest in Ancient Greek and Latin art, literature, and philosophy that began in Florence, Itay, from the 14th and 16th centuries. Included advances in science, education, politics, and art. Paper was important.

Cartography

Is the are and science of mapmaking.

Carrying capacity

Is the maximum, sustained level of use of an environment can incur without sustaining significant environmental deterioration that would eventually lead to environmental destruction.

Rule of law

Is the principle which holds that no person is above the law

Socialization

Is the process by which personality is formed as the result of social influences

Physical geography

Is the study of climate, water, and land and their relationships with each other and humans.

Cultural geography

Is the study of the influence of the environment on human behaviors as well as the effect of human activities such as farming, building settlements, and grazing livestock on the environment.

Opportunity Cost

Is the value of what is forgone when an economic choice is made Saving for a car and forgoing a weekend trip with friends

Naturalization

Is to become a citizen of a country

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by Lincoln 1862 it declared that all spaces in the rebellious confederate states would be free

Explain the significance of the Suez Canal?

It connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, expediting trade between Europe and Asia.

Which of the following best explains the significance of the Suez Canal?

It connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, expediting trade between Europe and Asia.

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of Turkey's largest city? • It has a very high altitude. • It has a tropical climate. • It is the country's largest manufacturing center. • It is considered part of Europe and Asia.

It is considered part of Europe and Asia

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of Turkey's largest city?

It is considered part of Europe and Asia.

Which of the following best describes the difference of the public sector from the private sector?

It is controlled by a political framework

What is the significance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

It repealed some of the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Erased Louisiana Territory's imaginary line and left it up to the people of the territory: bloodshed and two separate governments

How did USA gain Indiana?

It was an act of congress, signed into law by John Adams. It was the first new territory created from the Northwest territory

Marco Polo

Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China

Petrarch

Italian scholar, writer, and key figure in Northern Italy.

Which of the following is accurate about the geography of Peru

Its coastal region is comprised of desert

What the geography in Peru like?

Its coastal region is comprised of desert.

Which of the following is recognized by three of the world's major religions as a holy city?

Jerusalem

Which of the following is recognized by three of the world's major religions as a holy city? • Mecca • Cairo • Jerusalem • Tehran

Jerusalem

Which of the following presidents expanded the United States space program by establishing the goal of landing astronauts on the Moon?

John F. Kennedy

Which president expanded the United States space program by establishing the goal of landing astronauts on the Moon?

John F. Kennedy

Whom did President John Adams ask to serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? -Aaron Burr -Alexander Hamilton -Thomas Jefferson -John Marshall

John Marshall

Which entrepreneur is most associated with the information revolution that developed in Silicon Valley? A.Malcolm Stevenson Forbes

Jr. B.Thomas Alva Edison C.Alexander Graham Bell D.Steven Paul Jobs,D.Steven Paul Jobs

Which entrepreneur is most associated with the information revolution that developed in Silicon Valley? • Malcolm Stevenson Forbes

Jr. • Thomas Alva Edison • Alexander Graham Bell • Steven Paul Jobs,Steven Paul Jobs

Declaration of Independence

July 4th, 1776; the document that proclaimed independence of the colonies from Great Britain by the 2nd Continental Congress; written by Thomas Jefferson

Proclamation of 1763

King George III; prohibited settlers from crossing West over the Appalachian Mountains; attempt to stop conflicts between settlers and Native Americans

Which of the following would most contribute to an entrepreneur's success?

Labor and Capital

Which of the following would most contribute to an entrepreneur's success? • Tariffs and exports • Labor and exports • Capital and tariffs • Labor and capital

Labor and capital

The Great Lakes

Lake Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.

Categories of production factors

Land labor capital Factors of production exist in the market and are bought and sold in the market.

3 factors of production

Land, Labor and Capital

Mountains

Landforms with rather steep slopes at least 2,000 feet or move above sea level

Landform

Landscape feature or geomorphological unit (e.g. hills, plateaus, mountains, deserts, canyons, deltas, valleys) categorized according to elevation, slope, orientation and stratification

Oceans

Largest bodies of water on Earth (cover 71% of Earth's surface); 5 major oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern

Latitude Longitude

Latitude: Horizontal line, North and South of the equator Longitude: Vertical, East and West of the prime meridian Used to find exact location on a map.

Which of the following topics is most related to the Roman "Twelve Tables"?

Law

Which of the following topics is most related to the Roman "Twelve Tables"? • Art • Architecture • Philosophy • Law

Law

Which of the following beliefs did the ancient greeks and the modern US share?

Laws are critical to ensure societies remain stable

Jim Crow Laws

Laws that separated whites and blacks in public areas so African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, education and government

The Napoleonic Code was a:

Legal system

Branches of the Government

Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch

Vernacular Regions

Less formally defined areas that are formed by people perception

Scarcity

Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln's speech to honor fallen soldiers "We the people"

Kush Civilization

Lived in egypt hunters fishers herded cattle gathered grain 2nd oldest civilization in Africa

Renewable Resource

Living resource which can restock themselve if they are not over harvested

Southern Hemisphere

Located between South Pole and the equator. Contains all of Australia and Antarctica, part of Asia, Africa, and South America

Northern Hemisphere

Located between the North Pole and the equator . Contains all of the Europe, North America, and part South America, Africa, and Asia

Western Hemisphere

Located between the north and South Pole

Eastern Hemisphere

Located between the north and south poles

Tundra or taiga

Located in high latitudes arae of Russia , Europe, and Canada

Subtropical Climate

Located in north and south tropics areas of Japan, China, Australia, Africa, South America and the United States

Steppe or prairie

Located in the interiors of the large continents like Asia and North America

Marine Climate

Located in western Europe, British Isles, the Pacific Northwest of the United State, western Canada, and southeastern Australia

Which of the following best describes the prime meridian?

Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Which of the following best describes the prime meridian? • Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres • Line of latitude that divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres • Longitude line that demarcates the change of the calendar day • Line of latitude that marks the most northerly point on a map

Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Basin

Low area drained by rivers or low spots in mountains

Basins

Low area drained by rivers or low spots in mountains

Which of the following actions would a government most likely take to encourage economic growth?

Lowering interest rates

Which of the following actions would a government most likely take to encourage economic growth? • Lowering interest rates • Raising income taxes • Increasing federal regulations • Decreasing federal spending

Lowering interest rates

Characteristics of a delta

Lowlands area Fertile land Crop-growing area

Which president was during 1965?

Lyndon B. Johnson

14th Amendment

Made all persons born in the country U.S. Citizens

Brandenburg Gate Speech

Made by Ronald Reagan in 1987, contained the famous line "tear down this wall."

What best explains the economic depression Germany experienced following the First World War?

Mandatory reparations caused massive inflation in the country.

Which of the following best explains the economic depression Germany experienced following the First World War?

Mandatory reparations caused massive inflation in the country.

Tensions between US and Mexico after Texas settlement

Manifest Destiny was the motive for settling the Southwest Mexican gov owed debts to US for property damages during the struggle for independence from Spain Mexico hadn't paid war debts

Manifest Destiny

Many believe that the US was defined to secure territory from sea to sea, this rational drive the acquisition of territory

The Second Continental Congress

Many delegates reconmended and accepted the final draft of the Declaration of Independence

Settlement of Texas

Many new settlers took slaves with them Slavery was outlawed in Mexico Many of the new settlers were southerners

Which colony was established as a haven for English Catholics?

Maryland

Which of the following colonies was established as a haven for English Catholics?

Maryland

Normalization

Means to make normal

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Means to produce a body. It is a court order to a person holding someone in custody to bring the imprisoned individual to the court issuing the order.

Seas

Mediterranean, Sea of Japan, Arabian, black, red, east China, south China, Caribbean, Bering, Gulf of Mexico, sea of okhotsk, andaman and Hudson Bay

Constitutional Convention

Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States.

Which of the following events took place as a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 ?

Members of the Cherokee Nation were forced to move to the western United States

What event took place as a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

Members of the Cherokee Nation were forced to move to the western United States.

Which of the following countries did the United States come into conflict with as a result of the annexation of the Republic of Texas?

Mexico

Which of the following countries did the United States come into conflict with as a result of the annexation of the Republic of Texas? • Mexico • France • Canada • Spain

Mexico

The war btw Mexico and USA started because of why?

Mexico believed Texas ended at the Nueces River where USA claimed Texas needs at the Rio Grande.

Which of the following is best described as the study of individual economic behavior?

Microeconomics

Which of the following is best described as the study of individual economic behavior? • Microeconomics • Macroeconomics • Social economics • Institutional economics

Microeconomics

Causes for World War I

Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Military Alliance

Miranda V. Arizona

Miranda rights- never given a full and effective warning of his rights

Major Rivers

Mississippi:flows from North Western Minnesota to New Orleans. 3rd largest in the world. Largest in the US Amazon: Largest river in the world by volume Mackenzie: Longest in Canada. 2nd longest in US

Rivers in United States

Missouri, Mississippi, Colorado, niagara, rio grande, st Lawrence

Market Socialism

Mixed economic system that uses both market and planning

What time zone is located between California and Texas?

Mountain

Which of the following time zones is located between California and Texas?

Mountain

What are straits?

Narrow body of water connecting two land masses Think: Russia and Alaska with the Bering strait

Who led the only effective slave rebellion?

Nat Turner

Trail of Tears

Native Americans were forcibly removed from their land and made to march in the winter to reservations in Oklahoma

Nonrenewable Resource

Natural resource that cannot be revenerated in the same proportion in which they are used

Natural Resources

Naturally occurring substance considered valuable in their natural form

Which of the following individuals helped end the system of apartheid in South Africa? • Mohandas Gandhi • Mother Teresa • Nelson Mandela • The Dalai Lama

Nelson Mandela

Who was the president of South Africa?

Nelson Mandela

Middle Atlantic Colonies

New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland

Rivers in Africa

Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi,

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote?

Nineteenth

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution extended the right to vote to women?

Nineteenth Amendment

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution extended the right to vote to women? • Eighteenth Amendment • Nineteenth Amendment • Twentieth Amendment • Twenty-First Amendment

Nineteenth Amendment

Which of the following statements is consistent with the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and helped to influence the writing of the United States Constitution?

No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order.

Seven continents

North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, and Antartica.

Cardinal Directions

North West, North East, South West, and South East

What are Cardinal directions?

North, South, East, West

Poles

North: 90 degrees North latitude South: 90 degrees South latitude

In which of the following regions is Islam the predominant religion?

Northern Africa

What region is Islam the predominant religion?

Northern Africa

Mapp V. Ohio

Occurred in Cleveland, Ohio when police entered Mapp's home without a search warrant violating her 4th Amendment rights Search warrant, evidence unlawfully, 4th amendment

Black Thursday

Oct 24 1929 the day stock market crashes and 13 million shares sold

Truman Doctrine

Offered military aid to countries in danger of communist upheaval

Assembly line

On December 1, 1913, Henry Ford installs the first moving assembly line for the mass production of an entire automobile. His innovation reduced the time it took to build a car from more than 12 hours to two hours and 30 minutes.

The Boston Tea Party

On December 6, 1773, the Sons of Liberty dressed as Mohawks, dumped tea into the harbor from a British Ship to protest the tea tax

Treaty Of Versailles

One of the peace treaties at the end of WWI. It ended the state war between Germany and Allied Powers. Signed on June 28, 1919. War Guilt.

Ramon can spend his time creating calligraphy cards or baking muffins. He chooses to bake muffins. Which of the following economic terms best describes the calligraphy cards in this scenario?

Opportunity Cost

Ramon can spend his time creating calligraphy cards or baking muffins. He chooses to bake muffins. Which of the following economic terms best describes the calligraphy cards in this scenario? • Scarce resource • Production cost • Opportunity cost • Factor of production

Opportunity cost

Middle Ages

Or Medieval Times, was a period that ran Between the 5th and 15th centuries. *Early: started at the collapse at the Roman Empire -Roman Catholicism was the cultural and religious center, extending into politics and economics *High: population growth and many technological advances. Universities were established. -Feudalism, peasants would live on a lord's land and work in exchange for food and shelter. -The Crusades, wars between European Christians and the Middle Eastern Muslims, raged over the Holy Lands -Charles the Great, or Charlemenge, created an empire across France and Germany around 800 A.D. *Late: The Black Death plague swept across Europe from 1347 to 1350, leaving between one third and one half the population dead. Heiracy *Followed by the Renissance

Prairie climates

Or steppe regions, are dry flatlands (receive 10 to 20 inches of water per year)

Which of the following organizations was most responsible for the increased tensions over the shortage of a natural resource during the 1970s?

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Which of the following organizations was most responsible for the increased tensions over the shortage of a natural resource during the 1970s? • World Customs Organization • Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries • World Trade Organization • North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Which of the following actions is considered primarily a duty of local governments?

Organizing school systems

Which of the following actions is considered primarily a duty of local governments? • Negotiating with foreign leaders • Organizing school systems • Printing paper currency • Establishing border security

Organizing school systems

Traditional Market

Original economic system which traditions, customs, and beliefs, shape goods and services the economy produces. Relies on hunting, fishing, agriculture.

What contributed to a decline in the prices of farm goods in the late-nineteenth-century United States?

Overproduction of agricultural products

Which of the following contributed to a decline in the prices of farm goods in the late-nineteenth-century United States?

Overproduction of agricultural products

5 oceans

Pacific, Atlantic, Indians, Arctic, and Antartica

India after WW2 got what 2 countries?

Pakistan and ?

Which of the following countries have territorial claims in Kashmir? A.India

Pakistan, and China B.Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran C.Iran, Iraq, and Russia D.Russia, China, and India,A. India, Pakistan, and China The countries of India, Pakistan, and China are in a triangular conflict in Kashmir because all three countries make territorial claims in Kashmir.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Passed during Progressivism Period First "trust-busting" legislation to pass Congress

What is the "Day that will live in Infamy?

Pearl Harbor: December 7th 1941

Which colony had the highest proportion of German settlers during the colonial period?

Pennsylvania

100%

Percent of the seats in the United States House of Representatives are up for election every two years

Populism

Philosopy concerned with the commin sense needs of average people

Which of the following best describes why the Amazon Basin is considered a region?

Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River

Which of the following best describes why the Amazon Basin is considered a region? • The tributaries of the Amazon River drain into the Atlantic Ocean. • The indigenous people living in the Amazon rain forest speak the same language. • Seasonal rainfall in the Amazon rain forest is consistent throughout the year. • Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.

Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.

Stamp act

Placed a tax on newspaper, legal documents, licenses, almanacs, and playig cards. This was the first instance of internal tax on the colonies. The colonist formed as secret group called the Sons of Liberty and started riots against the agents who collected the taxs

The Townshend Acts

Placed taxes on lead, glass, paint, paper, and tea

Factions

Political parties in Britain

Manifest Destiny

Popular belief during 1840s- right and duty of the US to expand westward to the pacific.

Cultural Features of Geographic Locations

Population Density: the number of people living in each square mile/kilometer of a place (divide population by area) Religion: dominant religions of a place (Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Shinto, Taoism, Confucianism) Languages: official language of a place; 12 major language families; Indo-European family is spoken over the widest geographic area

A change from a direct democracy to a representative democracy is best undertaken when:

Population increases

19th Century Immigration Trends

Population of the US was doubled between 1860-1890; immigrants lived in the North in cities and slums; 1880s: Immigrants came from Italy, Poland, Hungary, Greece, Jewish groups from central and Eastern Europe; Roman Catholicism was on the rise

Federal System

Power is divided between the National and State governments

Delegated Powers in the Constitution

Powers granted by the Constitution 1) Expressed/Enumerated: specific 2) Inherent: powers the National governments have historically possessed 3) Implied: not expressly stated; reasonably suggested 4) Reserved: powers that belong to the states 5) Exclusive: reserved to the national government 6) Concurrent: powers that are shared by national and state governments

Tenth Amendment

Powers not mentioned in the Constitution shall be retained by the states or the people

Meteorological

Presents information about weather and climate

Thematic

Presents specific information related to a geographic area, such as the location of natural resources

Who must be 35 years old and a citizen for 14 years?

President

New Deal

President Franklin D. Roosevelt series of domestic programs enacted in the US between 1933-1938 due to the effect of the The Great Depression on 1929

Monroe Doctrine

President James Monroe in 1823; foreign policy that warned European powers to cease colonization of Central and South America or face military intervention by United States; United States would not meddle in political affairs or standing colonies of Europe

Monroe Doctrine

President James Monroe. An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Landing on the moon

President John F. Kennedy announced this goal in 1960, the first year of his presidency. It expanded the U.S. space program.

Emancipation Proclamation

President Lincoln issued the proclamation freeing all slaves in Rebel states. Gave North a new moral purpose for war.

Executive Branch

President, VP, Federal Government Largest Branch of government

open primary

Primary election in which any voter, regardless of party, may vote.

Capitalism

Production privately owned Free Market determines prices Profit goes to owners/investors of business US Economic System

1920's

Progressive Era has ended, conservative themes gain dominance, culture clash between new ideas and traditional values is evident, booming economy and stock market, stock market crash in 1929

Currency Act

Prohibited colonists from issuing paper money

The proclamation act

Prohibited english settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains to appease the Native Americans

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

The currency act

Prohibiteds colonial government from issuing paper money

8th Amendment

Protection against cruel and unusual punishment

4th Amendment

Protection against illegal search and seizure

3rd Amendment

Protection against quartering soldiers

Fourth Amendment

Protects against unreasonable search and seizure

Fourth Amendment

Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures

9th Amendment

Protects rights not enumerated in the constitution

Which of the following objectives is expressly stated in the preamble to the Constitution?

Providing for the common defense and establishing justice

Which of the following objectives is expressly stated in the preamble to the Constitution? • Providing for the common defense and establishing political parties • Providing for the common defense and establishing justice • Insuring domestic tranquility and establishing voting procedures • Promoting the general welfare and establishing political parties

Providing for the common defense and establishing justice

American Abolition Movement

Radical efforts under the direction of William Lloyd Garrison (The Liberator - leading anti-slavery newspaper) that worked to get rid of slavery; created sectional differences as most abolitionists were from the North

Which of the following is a shared power between state and federal governments? • Making treaties with nations • Appointing local judges • Raising taxes • Passing city ordinances

Raising Taxes

Which of the following is a shared power between state and federal governments?

Raising taxes

Cardinal Traits

Rare traits

Bill of Rights

Ratified in 1791

Renaissance

Re-birth from 14th-16th centuries; renewal of interest in ancient Greek and Latin art, literature and philosophy that occurred in Europe (Italy); time of great scientific inquiry, the rise of individualism, secular values and geographical exploration

Renaissance

Rebirth of art, culture, and intellect started in Italy

Business Cycle

Recovery Prosperity Recession Depression

Absolute Location

Refers to a specific point such as 123 main street

Checks and balances

Refers to the constitutional arrangement of powers that prevents one branch of the government from becoming too powerful

Separation of powers

Refers to the division of power among the three branches of the United States government

Political location

Refers to the divisions within continents that designate various countries. These divisions are made with borders, which are set according to boudary lines arrived at by legal agreements.

Physical location

Refers to the placement of the hemispheres and the continents

Relative Location

Refers to the surroundinf geography

Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Repealed the Missouri Compromise, and starting the Republican Party.

Article 231 of Treaty of Versailles

Required that Germany's accepts the responsibility of Germany and allies for causing all the loss and damage... War Guilt

5th Amendment

Right to a fair and speedy trial

Sixth Amendment

Right to a trial by jury

2nd Amendment

Right to bear arms

5th Amendment

Right to due process; protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy

Second Amendment

Right to keep and bear arms

7th Amendment

Right to trial by jury in civil cases

6th Amendment

Rights to a speedy trial by jury, to hear accusations and confront the accuser, to witness and to counsel

Use of a natural resource in ancient Mesopotamia to develop an early civilization?

Rivers for irrigation

Physical characteristics

Rivers, mountains, deserts

End of Civil War: Battle of Appomattox Courthouse

Robert E. Lee Surrenders April 9, 1865 Final engagement of Confederate Army general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the union Army under Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant.

Recognized as the end of the Civil War

Robert E. Lee's surrender at the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse.

What event is recognized as the end of the American Civil War?

Robert E. Lee's surrender at the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse.

Mountain range in North America

Rocky Mountain, Appalachians

What characteristics best describes the New England colonies?

Rocky terrain and cold winters

Which of the following characteristics best describes the New England colonies?

Rocky terrain and cold winters

Dictatorship

Rule by an individual or small group of individuals

In which of the following nations did the conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi take place?

Rwanda

What nation did the conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi take place?

Rwanda

Colonization of Massachusetts

Salem became a port for Puritans; Roger Williams banished in 1636 after calling for separation of church and state

When was The Battle of Yorktown?

Sep 28, 1781 - Oct 19, 1781

Women's jobs in the 20th century EXCEPT:

Servant

House of Representatives

Serve for two years and can serve as many terms as they are elected to with no term limits 435 members, based on population

Senators

Serve terms of six years each with no term limits 100, 2 per state

What was the purpose of the article of confederation?

Set up first government for newly independent United States

Which of the following best explains the importance of the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955?

Showed the effectiveness of direct, nonviolent resistance

Political

Shows boundaries of countries, states, and municipalities

Topographic

Shows the physical features of the land

Treaty of Versailles

Signed at the end World War I. Article 231, required that "Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments . . . have been subjected as a consequence of . . . the aggression of Germany and her allies."

Which of the following is a responsibility of the executive branch?

Signing proposed bills into law

What did the United States Supreme Court conclude in its 1857 ruling on the Dred Scott case?

Slaves had no legal right to sue for their freedom.

Seas

Smaller than Oceans and somewhat surrounded by land; Examples: Mediterranean, Baltic, Caspian, Coral and Caribbean

Example of Direct Assistance

Social Security.

Castes

Social classes in the ancient Indian class system

Cold War

Soviet Union kept control of Eastern Europe spreading Communism around the world, led to: 1) The Truman Doctrine: 1947; policy designed to protect free peoples everywhere against oppression 2) Marshall Plan: 1948; $12 billion went to rebuilding Western Europe and strengthening its defenses 3) Organization of American States: 1948; bolstered democratic relations in the Americas 4) Berlin Blockade: 1948-49; Soviets tried to starve out West Berlin so US air dropped supplies 5) North Atlantic Treaty Organization: 1949; Formed to militarily link the US and Western Europe so an attack on one was an attack on both 6) Korean War: 1950-1953; This divided the country into the communist North and democratic South 7) The McCarthy Era: 1950-54; Senator McCarthy of Wisconsin held hearings on supposed Communist conspiracies that ruined innocent reputations and led to the blacklisting of suspected sympathizers in the government/media

The destruction of the USSU S S Maine led to the start of which of the following events?

Spanish-American War

Which of the following events resulted in the United States gaining control of the Philippines?

Spanish-American War

Which of the following events resulted in the United States gaining control of the Philippines? • The Vietnam War • World War I • The Korean War • Spanish-American War

Spanish-American War

Which act placed the first internal tax on the colonists?

Stamp Act: 1765

Industrial Revolution

Started in England in the 19th century, with the first cotton mill in 1733. The steel industry grew exponentially. Found coal could be used instead of wood. The steam engine, which revolutionized transportation and work power. Around 1830, society changed from agrarian to urban. A need for cheap, unskilled labor resulted in the extensive employment and abuse of women and children, who worked up to 14 hours a day, six days a week in deplorable conditions. Societies enacted child labor laws and created labor unions to protect the safety of workers.

The state of Rhode Island can be best used for measuring which of the following?

State of Texas

Truman Doctrine (1947)

Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by communism.

Which TWO factors contributed to the failure of the Articles of Confederation?

States printed local currencies The federal government was unable to force laws

Which TWO factors contributed to the failure of the Articles of Confederation? • Congress abused its power to tax. • Congress overregulated foreign trade. • States printed local currencies. • The executive branch abused its power to negotiate treaties. • The federal government was unable to enforce laws.

States printed local currencies AND The federal government was unable to enforce laws.

Which of the following best describes how the farming techniques used by the Inca developed?

Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms.

Which of the following best describes how the farming techniques used by the Inca developed? • Vast plains resulted in pastoral farming. • Annual flooding resulted in the development of commercial farms. • Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms. • Lack of rainfall resulted in dry farming.

Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms.

Which entrepreneur is most associated with the information revolution that developed in Silicon Valley?

Steven Paul Jobs

Strait and Why are straits important?

Strait: narrow body of water between two land masses Important because: Whoever controls a strait is likely to control the sea and shipping routes of entire region. They are also difficult to navigate.

Individuals who lead and supported the Chinese Revolution of 1949 broke mainly with the Chinese past in their:

Stress on class conflict, science, and materialism

Rocky Mountains

Stretch some 3,000 miles from British Columbia and Alberta in Canada through Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and down to New Mexico in the U.S.

Which of the following is the best example of how humans impact topography?

Strip-mining an area for minerals

Which of the following is the best example of how humans impact topography? • Using technology to predict earthquakes • Mapping a local river system • Strip-mining an area for minerals • Migrating from rural to urban areas

Strip-mining an area for minerals

Cultural Geography

Studies the locations, characteristics, and influence of the physical environment on different cultures around the Earth

Dawes Act

Supposed to Americanize native Americans by encouraging them in desire to own property and to farm reservation land distributed to their families

Judicial Branch

Supreme Court: interprets the constitution, acts as a check to other branches 11 Federal Court Districts under the Supreme Court

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution was used to justify segregation?

Tenth

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution was used to justify segregation? • Tenth • Sixth • Fifth • Third

Tenth

What does "Manifest Destiny" mean?

Territorial and Westward Expansion

Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787

The 3/5 Compromise was a result of a debate within the Continental Congress about apportioning taxes based on population or land value. 3/5 of a state's slaves were counted in terms of congressional representation, presidential electors, and direct taxes

What war was the Battle of Yorktown?

The American Revolution

• Boston Tea Party • Boston Massacre • Intolerable Acts The actions listed contributed to which major event?

The American Revolution

Which of the following describes one outcome of the Battle of Saratoga?

The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.

Which of the following describes one outcome of the Battle of Saratoga? • The British government gave the colonists equal representation in Parliament. • The colonists formed a military alliance with Mexico against the British. • The battle immediately led to the surrender of all British forces in the American colonies. • The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.

The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.

Which of the following physical features provided a natural barrier against the growth of British colonies in North America?

The Appalachian Mountains

Which physical feature provided a natural barrier against the growth of British colonies in North America?

The Appalachian Mountains

Provided a natural barrier against the growth of British colonies in North America?

The Appalachian Mountains The British did not establish colonies west of the Appalachian Mountains. In addition, the British tried to discourage settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains by issuing the Royal Proclamation of 1763.

Which of the following documents was the initial attempt by the American colonists to establish an independent government?

The Articles of Confederation

Which of the following documents was the initial attempt by the American colonists to establish an independent government? • The Bill of Rights • The Articles of Confederation • The Declaration of Independence • The Constitution of the United States

The Articles of Confederation

Which event is recognized as the end of the American Civil War?

The Battle of Appomattox Court House

Which of the following events is recognized as the end of the American Civil War?

The Battle of Appomattox Court House

What caused Russia to withdraw from the First World War?

The Bolshevik Revolution started.

Which of the following reasons explains why Russia withdrew from the First World War?

The Bolshevik Revolution started.

British did not settle to the West of which mountain range

The British did not establish colonies west of the Appalachian Mountains. In addition, the British tried to discourage settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains by issuing the Royal Proclamation of 1763.

Which of the following events most contributed to the start of the American Revolution?

The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War

Which of the following events most contributed to the start of the American Revolution? • The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War • The blockade of the American colonies by the British navy • The drafting of the Constitution by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia • The commissioning of George Washington as commander of the Continental army

The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War.

Mountain range in Australia

The Cascades

Which of the following actions contained a controversial fugitive slave provision? • The Compromise of 1850 • The Missouri Compromise • The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 • The Three-Fifths Compromise

The Compromise of 1850

and no situation can ever change my fixed resolution...." King George III Which of the following is most related to the topic discussed in this excerpt?

The Declaration of Independence

and no situation can ever change my fixed resolution...." King George III Which of the following is most related to the topic discussed in this excerpt? • The Declaration of Independence • The Louisiana Purchase • The Constitution of the United States • The Treaty of Paris of 1763

The Declaration of Independence

Which of the following was written to raise public support for the ratification of the United States Constitution?

The Federalist Papers

Which of the following was written to raise public support for the ratification of the United States Constitution? • The South Carolina Exposition • The Articles of Confederation • The Virginia Declaration of Rights • The Federalist Papers

The Federalist Papers

Which TWO of the following locations are the best examples of how human interaction can affect the environment?

The Hoover Dam Mount Rushmore

Which TWO of the following locations are the best examples of how human interaction can affect the environment? • The Grand Canyon • The Hoover Dam • Niagara Falls • Grand Teton • Mount Rushmore

The Hoover Dam AND Mount Rushmore

- Availability of abundant natural resources - Federal laws enacted to protect property rights - Extensive patent laws passed Which of the following developments was made possible as a result of the factors listed above?

The Industrial Revolution

1. Availability of abundant natural resources 2. Federal laws enacted to protect property rights 3. Extensive patent laws passed Which of the following developments was made possible as a result of the factors listed above? • The Great Depression • The Great Awakening • The Industrial Revolution • The Great Recession

The Industrial Revolution

The series of acts British Parliament passed in 1774 in reaction to the Boston Tea Party came to be known in the American colonies as the Intolerable Acts.

The Intolerable Acts

League of Nations

The League of Nations was founded in 1920, as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended World War I. Proposed by Woodrow Willson.

Which of the following doubled the size of the United States?

The Louisiana Purchase

Which of the following doubled the size of the United States? • The Gadsden Purchase • The Louisiana Purchase • The annexation of Texas • The cession of Florida

The Louisiana Purchase

Which of the following events had the greatest impact on the size of the United States?

The Louisiana Purchase

Which of the following best explains why the expansion of the American colonies was limited under British rule?

The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west

Why was the expansion of the American colonies was limited under British rule?

The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west.

The Great Depression

The Stock Market Crash (Black Tuesday) in October, 1929 destroyed fortunes and dramatized the downward spiral of the whole economy(Herbert Hoover was President). By 1933, 14 million were unemployed, industrial production was down to one-third of its 1929 level, and the national income had dropped in half.

Which of the following accurately compares two ancient civilizations?

The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics

Marybury v. Madison

The Supreme Court announced for the first time the principle that a court may declare an act of Congress void if it is inconsistent with the Constitution.

Which of the following is associated with the relocation of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma? • The Dawes Act • The Adams-Onis Treaty • The Trail of Tears • The Great Migration

The Tail of Tears

Which of the following exemplifies the Constitution's federalist structure?

The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments

Which of the following is associated with the relocation of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma?

The Trail of Tears

WW2 ended in the Pacific theater when? -Mao Zedong became the Communist leader of China -The U.S. began its "island-hopping" campaign. -Japan surrendered to the U.S. Navy -The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and later on Nagasaki

The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and later on Nagasaki

Panama Canal

The United States ( Theodore Roosevelt) built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. 1903-1914

The Great Depression

The United States resumed its prosperous industrial growth after WWI but the industrial profits and stock market investmenta skyrocketed to a crashes, the economic plummed into a high unemployment

Which of the following is one governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation?

The ability to negotiate with foreign governments

Which of the following is one governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation? • The creation of an equitable system of taxation • The ability to negotiate with foreign governments • The establishment of a powerful executive branch • The establishment of a system of national courts

The ability to negotiate with foreign governments

What is one governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation?

The ability to negotiate with foreign governments.

Comparative Advantage

The ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producer

Why was the Proclamation Act opposed?

The act prohibited English settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains. (Purpose: to appease Native Americans)

Sumerians

The ancient civilization that invented the wheel

What best describes the historical settlement of the present-day United States?

The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast

Which of the following statements best describes the historical settlement of the present-day United States? • European powers cooperated with one another to colonize new territories. • The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast. • Internal migration was discouraged by local government officials. • Large groups of Native Americans were assimilated into European

The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast.

Which of the following factors most increased cultural diversity within the United States during the early nineteenth century?

The arrival of European immigrants in urban areas

Which factor most increased cultural diversity within the United States during the early nineteenth century?

The arrival of European immigrants in urban areas.

Cartography

The art and science of mapmaking; maps of local areas were drawn by Egyptians as early as 1300BC and Greeks made maps of the known world in 6th century BC Steps: 1) Survey: selecting key sites for benchmarks for measurements; 2) Compile Info and Computer Draft a Map Based on Collected Data; 3) Reproduce/Print

Climate

The average weather or daily weather conditions for a specific region over a long period of time

Which of the following statements is correct about the Battles of Lexington and Concord?

The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain

Which of the following statements is correct about the Battles of Lexington and Concord? • The battles convinced the French to aid the Continental army. • General Washington crossed the Potomac to engage in the battles. • The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain. • General Cornwallis agreed to surrender after the battles.

The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain.

Absolute Advantage

The capability to produce more of a given product using less of a given resource

What is an effect of the Gulf Stream?

The climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.

Which of the following is an effect of the Gulf Stream?

The climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.

Which of the following was a reaction by the American public to tensions created by the Cold War?

The construction of private bomb shelters

Which of the following was a reaction by the American public to tensions created by the Cold War? • A decline in entrepreneurship • The mass migration of minorities to rural areas • The construction of private bomb shelters • A reduction in consumer spending

The construction of private bomb shelters

Which of the following best characterizes a resource as scarce?

The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available

Which of the following best characterizes a resource as scarce? • The production of the resource exceeds the demand for it. • The resource is renewable. • The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available. • The government subsidizes the resource

The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available.

Interest Rates

The cost of borrowing money

Federalist Papers

The debates of the Congress and the concerns of the foundinf fathers were made available to the people of the nation in order to win popular support for the new proposed Constitution

Which event was the context for the Gettysburg Address?

The dedication of a national cemetery during the American Civil War

Which of the following events was the context for the Gettysburg Address?

The dedication of a national cemetery during the American Civil War

Federalism

The division of power between a central government and constituent governments, called states in the United States

Seasons

The earth is closer to the sun during parts of elliptical orbit than at other times, and due to the earths tilt and rotation about its axis we have different seasons on earths

Cyclical unemployment

The economy experience many ups and downs. When the economy enters a recession

Which of the following elements is contained in the United States Constitution but not in the Articles of Confederation?

The establishment of an executive branch

Which of the following elements is contained in the United States Constitution but not in the Articles of Confederation? • A process to propose and approve amendments • The power for Congress to declare war • The establishment of an executive branch • A unicameral legislative structure

The establishment of an executive branch.

What contributed most to the expansion of the Roman Empire under Emperor Augustus?

The establishment of an organized military system

Which of the following most contributed to the expansion of the Roman Empire under Emperor Augustus?

The establishment of an organized military system

Which of the following changes would most likely occur in a community with high rates of immigration?

The establishment of new cultural festivals

Which of the following changes would most likely occur in a community with high rates of immigration? • The reduction of small business revenues • A decline in religious observances • The establishment of new cultural festivals • An increase in zoning regulations

The establishment of new cultural festivals

What contributed to the development of both ancient China and Rome?

The establishment of trade centers

Which of the following contributed to the development of both ancient China and Rome?

The establishment of trade centers

What is most responsible for changing the cultural landscape of the American West in the late nineteenth century?

The expansion of the railroad

Which of the following is most responsible for changing the cultural landscape of the American West in the late nineteenth century?

The expansion of the railroad

The Revolutionary War

The fight between Britain and the American colonies in which the colonies gained their independence. From 1775 to 1783, the American colonies fought Britain.

The Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments of the Constitution approved at the same time after the Constitution was ratified

Command economies

The government makes all of the decisions regarding the production. And distribution of goods and services

Third Amendment

The government may not house soldiers in private homes without consent of the owner (or no quartering of soldiers)

Cultural Identity

The identification of individuals or groups as they are influenced by their belonging to a particular group or culture

Which event most contributed to Southern states seceding from the Union?

The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln

Which of the following events most contributed to Southern states seceding from the Union?

The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln

What event most contributed to Southern states seceding from the Union?

The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln. Southerners opposed Lincoln gaining the presidency because he favored the Northern delegates regulating trade and expressed views against slavery.

Input market

The market in which factors of production or resources are bought and sold

Output markets

The markets in which goods and services are sold

Market

The mechanism that brings buyers and seller in contact with each other so that they can buy and sell

What region has the greatest frequency of tornadoes?

The midwestern United States

Which of the following regions has the greatest frequency of tornadoes?

The midwestern United States

"Bleeding Kansas"

The name applied to the state when a civil war broke out between pro- and anti- slavery advocates while Kansas was trying to formalize its statutes before being admitted as a state

Frictional unemployment

The normal turnover in the labor market and the time it takes for workers to find new jobs

Which of the following best describes the opportunity cost of a good?

The number of other goods sacrificed to obtain another unit of that good.

Which of the following best describes how the increasing popularity of automobiles transformed the United States during the early twentieth century?

The number of roads that were paved increased

Which of the following best describes how the increasing popularity of automobiles transformed the United States during the early twentieth century? • The percentage of people who lived in rural areas increased. • The number of roads that were paved increased. • The percentage of minorities who voted increased. • The number of mass transit systems that were built increased.

The number of roads that were paved increased.

Which of the following was a major impact of WWI?

The onset of economic depression in America

Centrally Planned Economy

The opposite of the market economy, the means of production are publicly owned with little if any private ownership

Equilibrium Price

The overlap of the buying decisions of buyers with the selling decision of sellers

Which of the following is a key component in determining the economic growth of a country?

The per capita national output

What is a key component in determining the economic growth of a country?

The per capita national output.

Tenth Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

U.S. Involvement in the First World War

The practice of unrestricted submarine warfare on civilian vessels like the Lusitania continued after the Zimmerman Telegram and was a major reason behind the United States declaration of war against Germany.

Popular sovereignty

The principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the agreement of its people.

Assimilation

The process by which a person or a group language/culture comes to resemble those of another group

What is a pure market economy?

The producers and consumers can make their own economic decision (Think flea market)

Gentrification

The restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class. This resulted in the displacement of lower income people.

Nullification

The right of states to nullify any Federal laws they thought were unconstitutional; tariffs

Which of the following rights is most characteristic of a democracy?

The right to participate in the electoral process

Which of the following rights is most characteristic of a democracy? • The right to achieve financial security • The right to worship in a government church • The right to participate in the electoral process • The right to a publicly funded education

The right to participate in the electoral process

The Cold War 1945-1991

The rivalry between the US (capitalism and Democracy) and the USSR (Communism and Totalitarianism) ended in 1991 when Russia adapted the US way.

Anthropology

The scientific atudy of human culture and humanity the relationship between humans and their cultures

Which of the following is a difference in the way a democratic and authoritarian government operates?

The selection of government leaders

Division of labor

The separation of tasks in any economic system so that individuals may specialize and effectively contribute to society.

Which of the following statements best describes gender role?

The set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group

Which of the following events contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?

The sinking of a United States battleship

Which of the following events contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War? • Interception of the Zimmermann telegram • Bombing of a United States naval base • A naval confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin • The sinking of a United States battleship

The sinking of a United States battleship

Cultural diffusion

The spread of cultural items from one central point to another

Cultural diffusion

The spreading out of culture, culture traits, or a cultural pattern from a certain point.

Physical Geography

The study of climate, water and land and their relationships with each other and humans; locates and identifies the Earth's surface features and explores how humans thrive

Geomorphology

The study of landforms, also known as physiography

Geomorphology/Physiography

The study of landforms; a science that considers the relationships between geological structures and surface landscape features; studies the processes that change these features (e.g. erosion, deposition, plate tectonics) and biological factors

Geography

The study of the Earth feature including the study of livinf things as it pertains to their location the relationships of these location with each other and what impact these have on the world

Cultural Geography

The study of the influence of the environment on human behaviors and the effect of human activities

WWI

The use of Submarine Warfare in the Atlantic. Major reason US declared war on Germany.

Which of the following actions led to Unites States involvement in the First World War?

The use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic

Which actions led to Unites States involvement in the First World War?

The use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic.

Culture

The way of life of a group of people including not only art, music, and literature but beliefs, customs, languages, traditions and inventions

Which of the following best describes President Woodrow Wilson's main justification for the entry of the United States into World War I?

The world needed to be made safe for democracy

Which of the following best describes President Woodrow Wilson's main justification for the entry of the United States into World War I? • The threat of communism around the world needed to be eliminated. • The world needed to be made safe for democracy. • The Allied Powers demanded that war reparations be paid by Germany. • The Central Powers launched an attack against a United States naval base.

The world needed to be made safe for democracy.

U S Constitution

The written document that describe and defines the system and structure of the U S government

20th century president who loved the environment

Theodore Roosevelt

Which President was closely associated with the environment?

Theodore Roosevelt

Which of the following is true of the effect of high tariffs on an economy in the long run?

They benefit some groups at the expense of others

The effect of high tariffs on an economy in the long run.

They benefit some groups at the expense of others.

Which of the following statements best describes indentured servants during the American colonial period?

They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed.

Which of the following statements best describes indentured servants during the American colonial period? • They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed. • They consisted primarily of young women and children. • The majority served in wealthy homes in the northern colonies. • They paid higher taxes to offset the cost of their trip to the Americas.

They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed.

Which U.S. President was responsible for sending Lewis & Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory?

Thomas Jefferson

Who spurred the formation of the first political parties in the newly created USA?

Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton

Which of the following best describes why a democratic government regulates the economy? • To guarantee fair elections • To protect civil rights • To provide federal jobs • To ensure financial stability

To ensure financial stability

Which of the following describes the primary purpose of cross-cultural comparisons?

To identify traits shared between cultures

Which of the following describes the primary reason for the establishment of time zones in the United States? • To create uniform borders between states • To align all cities with the prime meridian • To improve the efficiency of transportation • To maintain physical national boundaries

To improve the efficiency of transportation

Which of the following best explains why Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan used deficit spending?

To stimulate weak economics

Which of the following best explains why Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan used deficit spending? • To stimulate weak economies • To regulate financial markets • To promote territorial expansion • To prevent racial inequality

To stimulate weak economies

Which of the following best describes a reasonable application of how geography can be used to interpret the past?

To understand how the discovery of gold affected the development of California

Which of the following is considered a right of United States citizenship? • To obey laws • To serve on a jury • To worship freely • To pay income taxes

To worship freely

During the era of classical civilizations this drove interaction between the Roman and Han empires

Trade in luxury goods.

Secondary Traits

Traits that appear only in certain contexts or situations

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions- President James Madison approved in 1815

What is the 7th amendment?

Trial by jury

Climate zones

Tropical, dry, temperate, continental, and polar are the five different types.

What fraction of the Senate must vote to impeached the President?

Two thirds

Example of Commodity Money

U.S. 50- cent piece.

15th Amendment (1870)

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

Thomas Jefferson

U.S. president that was responsible for sending Lewis & Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory.

Which country is known as the breadbasket of Europe?

Ukraine

The Sherman Act

Unfair competition, made corporate officers liable for the illegal actions actions of employees and exempted labor unions from antitrust lawsuit

Draining of the Everglades has been done primarily for:

Urban development

An effective method for a farmer to use to minimize the effects of a drought.

Using drip irrigation

Which of the following is the most effective method for a farmer to use to minimize the effects of a drought?

Using drip irrigation

Physical Features of Geographic Locations

Vegetation Zones/Biomes - forests, grasslands, deserts and tundra Climate (the long-term average weather conditions of a place) Zones - tropical, dry, temperate, continental and polar

Southern Colonies

Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

What are the most common geological threats to the country of Mexico?

Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Which of the following are the most common geological threats to the country of Mexico?

Volcanoes and earthquakes

Which of the following is a responsibility of a citizen of the United States?

Volunteering in a community

Which of the following is a responsibility of a citizen of the United States? • Participating in a protest • Starting a business • Attending a university • Volunteering in a community

Volunteering in a community

What is required for an individual to cast a ballot in any federal election in the United States?

Voter Registration

Which of the following is required for an individual to cast a ballot in any federal election in the United States?

Voter registration

The Cold War was after what war?

WW2

3/5 compromise

Was a result of a debate within the continental congress about apportioning taxes based on population or land value. 3/5 of states slaves were counted in terms of congressional representation, presidential electors, and direct taxes

Roger Williams

Was banished from Massachusetts in 1636 because he called for a separation of church and state. He established Rhode Island colony in 1647 and had 800 settlers by 1650.

Delaware

Was first colonized by the Swedish, then taken over by the Dutch, and then the English. It was the first state to ratify the constitution.

Knights of Labor

Was formed in 1878, because of the exploitation of immigrant workers and calling for sweeping social and economic reform. Eventually, this organization was replaced by the American Federation of Labor, headed by Samuel Gompers

Emancipation Proclamation

Was issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

Bleeding Kansas

Was the name applied to the state when the Civil War broke out between pro- and anti-slavery advocates while Kansas was trying to formalize its statutes before admitting as a state.

Articles of Confederation

We're the first attempt to establish of independent government. Designed to protect states' rights over those of the national government and sent to the colonies for ratification in 1777 and went into effect on March 1, 1778, had two major elements that proved unworkable. First, there was no centralized national government. Second, there was no centeralized power to tax or regulate trade with other nations, or between states. With no national tax, the Revolution was financed by printing more and more money, which caused inflation.

The Cascades

Western North America Extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California

Marshes and Swamps

Wet lowlands providing growth of such plants as rushes and reeds

The origins of the Cold War can be linked to US-Soviet Union differences regarding which of the following postwar questions?

What form of government should be implemented in Eastern Europe?

Pacific Ocean

What ocean covers almost one-third of the entire surface of the Earth and separates North and South America from Asia and Australia

The New Deal

When President Franklin Roosevelt took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to try and stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering. Over the next eight years, the government instituted a series of experimental projects and programs, known collectively as the New Deal, that aimed to restore some measure of dignity and prosperity to many Americans. More than that, Roosevelt's New Deal permanently changed the federal government's relationship to the U.S. populace.

Human-Environmental Interaction

When humans change to adapt to surroundings humans modifying environment humans acting based on environment

Atlantic and Pacific

Which oceans does the Panama Canal connect?

Pennsylvania

William Pen received a royal charter for establishing Pensnylvania as a colony for Quakers. It had the highest proportion of German settlers during the colonial period.

Which of the following helped many homesteaders to establish farms on the Great Plains during the 1800seighteen hundreds?

Windmills to pump water for irrigation

What helped many homesteaders to establish farms on the Great Plains during the 1800s?

Windmills to pump water for irrigation.

Which of the following best describes one result of the introduction of robotics into manufacturing centers?

Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs.

Which of the following best describes one result of the introduction of robotics into manufacturing centers? • Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs. • Additional assembly-line workers will be needed to work in automated factories. • The price of goods created through automation will increase. • Additional management personnel will be needed to make decisions about production levels.

Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs.

The Declaration of Independence

Written by Thomas Jefferson was signed on July 4, 1776

Aztecs

a Native American culture known for its complex temples and pyramids and it cultivation of maize.

Earth's Rotation

a complete rotation equals 24 hours

Tropic of Capricorn

a line of latitude about 23 degrees South of the equator

Enlightenment

a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly

Appalachian Mountains effect

a physical feature that provided a natural barrier against the growth of British Colonies in North America.

Which of the following did Thomas Malthus theorize? A.An increase in population will stimulate society to increase food production. B.If left unchecked

a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war. C.Overpopulation can lead to unsuitable farming practices that may degrade the land. D.Optimum population is achieved when the number of people working with available resources produces the highest economic return, resulting in the highest standard of living.,B. If left unchecked, a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war. According to Malthus, if allowed to grow unchecked, a population would outstrip its available resources, resulting in what came to be known as Malthusian catastrophes: naturally occurring checks on population growth such as famine, disease, and war.

If left unchecked

a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war.,Thomas Malthus Theory

What prompted Mormons to migrate to Salt Lake

a region of the West they believed that other pioneers did not want? -They hoped to discover mineral resources. -They hoped to acquire land valuable to the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. -They wanted to dodge the draft. -They wanted to avoid religious persecution.,-They wanted to avoid religious persecution

Ogliarchy

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Command Market

a system where the gov't rather than free market determines what goods that should be produced, at how much and price at which goods will offered for sale.

blanket primary

a voting process in which voters receive a long ballot containing the names of all contenders, regardless of party, and can vote however they choose

Socialism

a way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government rather than by individual people and companies.

"...a Firm League of Friendship with each other

against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them..." (1781) Which of the following documents outlines the objectives referred to in this excerpt? A.The Declaration of Independence B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Mayflower Compact D.The Bill of Rights,B.The Articles of Confederation

"...a Firm League of Friendship with each other

against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them..." (1781) Which of the following documents outlines the objectives referred to in this excerpt?,The Articles of Confederation

"...a Firm League of Friendship with each other

against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them..." (1781) Which of the following documents outlines the objectives referred to in this excerpt? • The Declaration of Independence • The Articles of Confederation • The Mayflower Compact • The Bill of Rights,The Articles of Confederation

Missouri Compromise

agreement by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter the Union as a free state.

between the prime meridian east to the international date line. Consist most of Europe and Africa

all of Australia and Asia

13th Amendment

amendment that outlawed slavery.

Capitalism

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Laissez-Faire economic policy

an economic theory that strongly opposed any government intervention in business affairs. "let it be economics"

Baltic Sea

an extension of the Atlantic Ocean in northern Europe that is connected with the North Sea

they had no rights

and couldn't sue for their freedom

Which of the following accurately compares two ancient civilizations? A.The Egyptians and Aztecs both practiced monotheistic religions. B.The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform

and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics. C.The Phoenicians traded mostly by land routes, and the Chinese traded mostly by sea routes. D.The Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations lacked reliable sources of water.,B. The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics. The form of writing used by the Sumerians was cuneiform, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics.

"With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it

and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." United States president, 1823 Which of the following is most associated with this speech? A.Monroe Doctrine B.Roosevelt Corollary C.Louisiana Purchase D.Missouri Compromise,A.Monroe Doctrine

"With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it

and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." United States president, 1823 Which of the following is most associated with this speech?,Monroe Doctrine

With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it

and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." United States president, 1823 Which of the following is most associated with this speech? • Monroe Doctrine • Roosevelt Corollary • Louisiana Purchase • Missouri Compromise,Monroe Doctrine

Political Map

are designed to show gov't boundaries of countries, states, counties, location of cities (think of a map one would see inside of a classroom)

Gender Roles

are social and behavioral norms that determine how males and females speak, think, dress, and interact within society

Agricultural/ settled and nomadic

are two basic types of cultural types that have developed throughout history in relation to the physical environment.

Tariffs

are usually implemented to protect domestic manufacturing, but they may result in a weakening of related economies as those countries affected by the tariff purchase fewer goods. For example, the Tariff of 1828, while designed to protect northern manufacturing, reduced British imports of cotton from the southern United States thereby damaging the southern economy

Delta

area of lowlands formed by soil and sediment deposited at the mouths of rivers

Thomas Hobbs influence on the U.S. Constitution

argued that humans in their natural state (without government) live a life that is "nasty, brutish, and short." it is only with mutual consent that people agree to government systems.

What caused the United States government to abandon the Gold Standard during The Great Depression? -Banks were collecting gold to sell for profit. -Citizens were demanding gold in exchange for dollars. -Gold was owed to several other countries as debt. -There was a shortage of Gold

as the miners had over-excavated California's gold mines.,-Citizens were demanding gold in exchange for dollars.

Communism

autocracy government (1 person all power)

Communism

autocracy government (1 person all power) that controls economy

Which quotation from the US Constitution provides for a limited federal government? -The powers not delegated to the United States... are reserved to the states... -he shall have power... with the advice and consent of the Senate... and shall appoint..." -Every bill... shall

before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States... -Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state,"The powers not delegated to the United States... are reserved to the states...

Cold War

began after WWII fall of soviet union ended cold war US tried to control spread of communism

Mapp v Ohio

can not enter a home without a search warrant.

Legislative Branch

can override presidential vetoes, can declare war

14th Amendment

cannot deny citizens of rights.

Which of the following regions is the vast

cold, dry region of eastern Russia? A.Beringia B.Siberia C.The Ural Mountains D.The Baltic coast,B. Siberia Siberia is the vast Russian province encompassing most of Northern Asia with extremely cold winters and low precipitation.

Which of the following regions is the vast

cold, dry region of eastern Russia? • Beringia • Siberia • The Ural Mountains • The Baltic coast,Siberia

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race

color, or previous condition of servitude." Which of the following amendments to the Constitution contains this text?,Fifteenth

Imperialism

countries obtained colonies throughout the world to bolster the nation's economies

Panama Canal 1907

created a faster way to ship goods from the atlantic to the pacific ocean.

Sumerians

created cuneiform writing

Which of the following statements best describes gender role? • Gender role is the sex group (male or female) to which the individual belongs. • Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group. • Gender role consists of actions taken by individuals to eliminate gender stereotypes. • Gender role consists of fixed

culturally invariant expectations for each sex group.,Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group.

An original economic system in which traditions

customs, and beliefs help shape the goods and the services the economy produces, as well as the rules and manner of their distribution. Countries that use this type of economic system are often rural and farm-based.,Traditional Economy

An economic system in which both the private enterprise and a degree of state monopoly (usually in public services

defense, infrastructure, and basic industries) coexist. All modern economies are mixed where the means of production are shared between the private and public sectors. Also called dual economy.,Mixed Economy

Law of Supply

demonstrates the quantities that will be sold at a certain price. shows the relationship of an upward slope. the higher the price the higher the quantity supplied.

Constitution

describes and defines the organization of gov for US

Increased suburban development

describes the effect of the interstate highway system on life in the U.S.

Industrial Revolution

development of new weaving/ ironworking, vast expansion/improvement in roads/waterways, greatly increased prosperity and political power in the middle class.

Saddam Hussein

dictator of iraq

Generation Gap

differences of outlook of opinion between people of different generations.

developed irrigation through the use of canals

dikes, and devices of raising water

17th Amendment

direct elections by the people.

Non-market economy

doesn't use markets

Articles of Confederation

each state is its own nation. written to give the colonies some sense of unified government. The government was weak. Need a new constitution.

Anarchism

elimination of all government Replace with cooperative community of people

Ancient Mesopotamia

emerged as one of the early river valley civilizations through the use of river water for irrigating crops, which produced sufficient surplus of food to support the first cities.

Where buyers and sellers can make the deals they wish to make without any interference

except by the forces of demand and supply. A stockmarket comes closest to this ideal. See also market economy and open market.,Free Market

Which of the following best explains the significance of the Suez Canal? A.It is an important shipping gateway in Europe linking the North Sea to the Black Sea. B.It connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

expediting trade between North America, South America, and Asia. C.It is an important shipping route connecting the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. D.It connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, expediting trade between Europe and Asia.,D. It connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, expediting trade between Europe and Asia. The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, providing the shortest maritime route between Europe and the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean.

Acculturation

explains the process of cultural change and psychological change that results from following meeting between cultures

"The Conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution

expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added." (1789) Which of the following documents resolved the issue described by this excerpt? A.The Federalist papers B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Annals of Congress D.The Bill of Rights,D.The Bill of Rights

"The Conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution

expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added." (1789) Which of the following documents resolved the issue described by this excerpt? • The Federalist papers • The Articles of Confederation • The Annals of Congress • The Bill of Rights,The Bill of Rights

Arctic Ocean

extends from north America and europe to the north pole

people should have political power

favored a strong state government and agriculture

Leif Ericson & the Vikings

first non-native people to explore the North American mainland.

- Founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England - Engaged in farming

fishing, and whaling - Led by John Winthrop Which of the following American colonies does the information describe?,Massachusetts

-Founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England -Engaged in farming

fishing, and whaling -Led by John Winthrop Which of the following American colonies does the information describe? A.Georgia B.Virginia C.Massachusetts D.Pennsylvania,C. Massachusetts Led by John Winthrop, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded by colonists who were escaping religious persecution in England and whose livelihoods in the new colony primarily consisted of farming, fishing, and whaling.

• Founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England • Engaged in farming

fishing, and whaling • Led by John Winthrop Which American colony does the information describe?,Massachusetts

"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law

for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. . . . Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Earl Warren, chief justice of the United States Supreme Court Which court cases did this ruling overturn?,Plessy v. Ferguson

"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law

for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. . . . Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Earl Warren, chief justice of the United States Supreme Court Which of the following court cases did this ruling overturn?,Plessy vversus. Ferguson

"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law

for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. . . . Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Earl Warren, chief justice of the United States Supreme Court Which of the following court cases did this ruling overturn? A.Plessy v. Ferguson B.Regents of the University of California v. Bakke C.Dred Scott v. Sandford D.Korematsu v.United States,A. Plessy v. Ferguson The Brown vversus. Board of Education ruling overturned the Plessy vversus. Ferguson ruling, declaring "separate but equal" to be unconstitutional.

Events Leading to the American Revolution

forced quartering of British soldiers, excessive tariffs, and the intolerable acts.

Trail of Tears

forced the relocation of the Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma.

4 Vegetation Zones

forest, grasslands, deserts, & tundra.

15th Amendment

gave the right to vote to 18+

Location

geography divided into relative and absolute location

Gettysburg Address

given by President Lincoln, during the civil war, for the dedication of the soldier's at national cemetery.

Enslaved people who lived in areas still in the rebellion

group was declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation.

Cultural modification of an individual

group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture the acculturation of immigrants to American life

In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed in order to

guarantee women the right to vote

Executive Branch

headed by the president. carries out federal laws and recommends new ones, directs national defense and foreign policy and performs ceremonial duties. powers= directing government, vetoing laws,

Judicial Branch

headed by the supreme court. powers-interpreting constitution, reviewing laws, decided cases involving states rights.

Congressional Elections

held every two years on the first Tuesday in November

Latitude

horizontal mapping lines on earth known as parallels because they run parallel to the equator.

Which of the following views of the globe includes the region in which Japan is located?

https://practice.ets.org/iptmgr/disp?loc=images/map3.png

Law of Demand

if all other factors remain the equal, the higher the price of a good, the less people will demand that good. the higher the price the lower the quantity demanded. downward slope

We the People of the United States

in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America

"When

in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.",The opening of the Declaration of Independence

During the late nineteenth century

in what way did churches in the United States respond to the social problems resulting from the industrialism of the previous decades?,They built and maintained mission schools, orphanages, and homes for the aged.

A land deal between the United States and France

in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.,The Louisiana Purchase

Great Depression

income disparity between classes, large debt increases, the decline of agriculture, cost of goods decreased because of overproduction and under consumption.

Afganistan

invaded by US after 9/11

Caste System

is a class structure that is determine by birth. So if your parents are poor, you are. If your parents are rich, you are. Children inherit caste of their father. Rare for a rich man to marry a poor women back in times.

Straight

is a narrow body of water that connects 2 larger bodies of water. whoever owns a this is likely to control the sea and shipping routes of entire region.

Time zone

is a region that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Each hour of time is equivalent to 15 degrees of longitude.

Inflation

is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in a n economy over a period of time.

The Gulf Stream

is a warm ocean current that flows in the western North Atlantic, originating at the tip of Florida, traveling along the American coastline and splitting into the North Atlantic Drift that crosses to Northern Europe.

Mixed Economy

is an economic system that is variously defined as containing a mixture of markets and economic planning, in which both the private sector and state direct the economy

United Nations

is an intergovernmental organization established 1945 to promote international cooperation.

Jamestown

is considered the 1st permanent British settlement in North America.

The Speaker of the House

is considered the presiding officer of the House of Representatives.

Magna Carta

is generally considered the most important limiting the power of kings and influencing the development of democracy.

Renewable Resource

is one that we can cultivate and/or produce from an infinite resource. (wind, water, solar,) *not oil /coal etc.

Voter Registration

is required for an individual to cast a ballot in any federal election in the U.S.

Simony

is the act of selling church offices and roles.

Political Efficacy

is the citizens' faith and trust in government and their belief that they can understand and influence political affairs.

Elevation

is the height and depth above or below a baseline.

Drip Irrigation

is the most effective method for a farmer to use to minimize the effects of a drought.

Voter Turnout

is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election.

Culture Shock

is the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country, a move between social environments, or simply travel to another type of life.

Socialization

is the process through which we learn or are trained to be members of society to take part in new social situations, or to participate in group settings.

Cultural Diffusion

is the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

Cultural diffusion

is the spread of cultural items (ideas, fashion, technology, etc.) from one central point to another.

Cultural Diffusion

is the spread of cultural items from one central point to another. Example: the Russian people's interest in acquiring and wearing American blue jeans.

Thematic Map

is used to illustrate a single idea or theme.

Non-Renewable Resource

is what we have and use that cannot be reproduced. (coal, metals, oil)

U.S. Constitution v. the Articles of Confederation

it provided a strong central government and federal taxation.

Pythagoras

laid foundations for geometry

Which of the following exemplifies the Constitution's federalist structure? A. The separation of powers among the executive

legislative, and judicial branches B. The Full Faith and Credit clause of Article IV of the Constitution C. The Supremacy clause of Article VI of the Constitution D. The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments,D. The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments

Which of the following exemplifies the Constitution's federalist structure? • The separation of powers among the executive

legislative, and judicial branches • The Full Faith and Credit clause of Article IV of the Constitution • The Supremacy clause of Article VI of the Constitution • The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments,The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments.

5 themes of geography

location, place, human environment, movement, regions.

13th Amendment (1865)

made slavery illegal

Sons of Liberty

made up of colonists

Mexican American War

marked the 1st U.S. armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil. it pitted a politically divided and militarily unprepared Mexico against expansionists-minded administration of U.S. President James K. Polk, who in manifest destiny.

1990s

marked the fall of the soviet union

Free Market

market based economy, where prices for goods and services are free-set by forces of supply & demand, without intervention by government policy.

Input market

market where factors of production are bought and sold

Natural Resources

materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.

Sketch Map

might be created to help students recall relative locations and sizes of places.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds

South's military v Norths during the Civil War

more experienced military leadership.

The central bank of the United States. It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer

more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.,Federal Reserve

Continental Divide

mountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of a continent

River

nation's lifeblood because they begin as small streams, flow into lager bodies of water, serve as transportation systems, and have many tributaries

Topography

natural and artificial features of an area

Monarchy

non-elected heredity ruler

This is not considered a renewable resource

oil

Atlantic Ocean

one half the size of the pacific

Fascism

one-party state with centralized political control

Scarcity of Resources

only a limited amount of resources available to produce the unlimited amount of goods and services we desire. You must make a choice.

Decline of farm goods in the 19th c. U.S.

overproduction of agricultural products, improved farming methods and increases in farm land acreage resulted in overproduction of agricultural goods. Supply surpassed consumer demand resulting in a sharp decline in prices.

Jamaica

part of the land bridge of middle america island nation of the west indies

Direct Democracy

people vote on everything

Following the Civil War

poll taxes were primarily used in the South to deny access to what?,Voting

Following the Civil War

poll taxes were primarily used in the South to deny access to which of the following? A.Voting B.Public education C.Employment D.Military service,A. Voting Poll taxes were passed to deny many African Americans the right to vote.

Following the Civil War

poll taxes were primarily used in the South to deny access to which of the following?,Voting

Which of the following best explains how intensive agriculture

poor irrigation practices, and overgrazing have affected the environment? A.They have contributed to the desertification of areas. B.They have increased the potential for droughts to occur. C.They have prevented deforestation from occurring in tropical regions. D.They have caused carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere to decline.,A. They have contributed to the desertification of areas. Human activities that contribute to desertification include the expansion and intensive use of agricultural lands, poor irrigation practices, deforestation, and overgrazing. These practices place enormous pressure on the land by changing its soil chemistry and hydrology. Overexploited lands suffer from erosion, soil salinization, loss of productivity, and decreased resilience to climatic variations.

Which of the following best explains how intensive agriculture

poor irrigation practices, and overgrazing have affected the environment? • They have contributed to the desertification of areas. • They have increased the potential for droughts to occur. • They have prevented deforestation from occurring in tropical regions. • They have caused carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere to decline.,They have contributed to the desertification of areas.

Which of the following best explains how intensive agriculture

poor irrigation practices, and overgrazing have affected the environment?,They have contributed to the desertification of areas

Pre-Civil War South

possessed more confidence excellent military officers men were more familiar with living and working in outdoors larger land area

Partisanship

prejudice in favor of a particular cause

the reasons were for jobs

prejudice, crop failures

John F. Kennedy

president that expanded the U.S. space program by establishing the goal of landing astronauts on the moon.

Theodore Roosevelt

president who promoted wildlife conservation.

Check & Balances

principle under government which separates branches are empower to prevent actions by others and share power.

Checks and Balances

principle under government which separates branches are empower to prevent actions by others and share power.

Albany Plan of Union

proposed as a peaceful resolution with Great Britain by establishing a unified form of government within the colonies proposed by Benjamin Franklin

Truman Doctrine

provided political, military, & economic assistance to democratic nations threatened by authoritarian forces and governments, including Greece and Turkey.

At the outbreak of both WWI and WWII in Europe

public opinion in the US generally favored which of the following?,Remaining neutral

Absolute location

refers to a specific point

Cultural Adaptation

refers to the process and time it takes a person to assimilate to a new culture

Settlement Pattern

relates to distances between cities, towns, and villages

21st Amendment

repealed prhibition

Securities Act

required companies that sold stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors

Factor of production

resource that is bought and sold

Resources: Renewable

resources that can be replenish (animals and plants)

Resources: Non-Renewable

resources that can only be used in one supply (minerals, oils, gases)

Resources: Flow/Natural

resources that must be used when, where, and as they occur (water, sunlight, wind)

Articles of Confederation

result of the first attempt of the newly independent states to reach a new understanding among themselves

Second Amendment

right to bear arms

1920s

rise of prosperity in the U.S. led to the emergence of American Consumerism. Due to technical advances and innovative ideas and inventions in the areas of communication, transportation and manufacturing.

Patrick Henry

said the famous words "give me liberty or give me death" at the Virginia Convention in 1775.

In all economic system

scarcity imposes limitations on?,Households, governments, business firms, and the nation as a whole

Brown v. Board of Education

segregation of public schools was unconstitutional

Plessy v. Ferguson

separate but equal

Toppgraphic Map

show the natural and human made surface features of earth include mountain elevations, rivers, roads, names of lakes, towns, and country/state lines.

Relief Map

shows the topography of a region. A mental map is constructed by the student.

Which of the following is an important provision of the Treaty of Versailles

signed at the end of the First World War? A. Germany maintained control of Alsace-Lorraine. B. Germany's colonial territories achieved independence and were admitted to the League of Nations. C. Germany had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a "war guilt" clause. D. Russia and the United States agreed to participate in peacekeeping operations under the control of the League of Nations.,C. Germany had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a "war guilt" clause.

What is an important provision of the Treaty of Versailles

signed at the end of the First World War?,Germany had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a "war guilt" clause.

Which of the following is an important provision of the Treaty of Versailles

signed at the end of the First World War?,Germany had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a "war guilt" clause.

Which of the following describes the compromise over slavery that the delegates agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention? A.Delegates agreed on how slaves would be counted in the census. B.People in a territory could vote on whether slavery would be permitted. C.Once a territory became a state

slavery would not be permitted. D.The government agreed to use federal troops to capture escaped slaves.,A. Delegates agreed on how slaves would be counted in the census. During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the northern and southern states debated how slaves should be counted when determining a state's total population. A state's population determined the number of representatives per state. A compromise was reached where each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person. This measure was called the Three-Fifths Compromise.

Dred Scott Case

slaves had no legal right to sue for their freedom. Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled all blacks-slaves as well as free blacks- were not and could never become citizens of the U.S. therefore they had no legal right to sue in federal courts.

3/5 Compromise

slaves would count as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of determining representation. effective until after the Civil War and the 13th amendment.

Socialism

state takes guiding role in national economy provides extensive social services

Ninth Amendment

states that people's rights are not limited to just those listed in the Constitution.

Which early civilization crest roads

statues, and arches?,Romans

Encouraging African Americans to fight for the Union

strengthening the Union militarily, and shifting the focus of the war to freedom for all are linked to which of the following?,The Emancipation Proclamation

Rocky Mountains

stretch some 3000 miles from British Columbia and Alberta in Canada through Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and down to New Mexico in the U.S.. the range offers dramatic wilderness, diverse wildlife, and alpine lakes.

Geomorphology

study of landforms

Relative location

surrounding geography

Appalachian Mountains

system of mountains located in eastern North America.

State of the Union Address

talks about all of the major issues which the nation is dealing with currently. The reasoning behind this address is to be able to alert the people as to what is on the agenda for the upcoming year and what has happened already.

Romans

taught us about aqueducts and roadways.

Causes of WW1

tension over the competition for colonies, ethnic groups such as Poles and Czechs hoping for nations of their own, and the assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.

Monroe Doctrine

that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is potentially hostile act against the U.S.

Appomattox Court House

the Civil War came to a close when General Lee surrendered here at the end of battle.

Cultural Diversity

the EXISTENCE of a variety of cultures or ethnic groups within society

Which resource would be most useful to a researcher who is studying the significance of the Suez Canal

the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar? A. A table with currency exchange rates between the United States and European countries B. A map of the countries located between the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea C. A bar graph showing the number of democratic nations in the Middle East D. A diary entry describing a traveler's encounters along the Silk Road,B. A map of the countries located between the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea

What resource would be most useful to a researcher who is studying the significance of the Suez Canal

the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar?,A map of the countries located between the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea.

In the latter part of the 19th century

the US agricultural business in the Midwest started to transform from a market system of small family farms to one dominated by large commercialized farms. This change is mostly due to:,The technological advances in railroad transportation

After WWII

the US had a program that provided money, supplies, and machinery to assist European counties in rebuilding. What was the program called?,Marshall Plan

Comparative Advantage

the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity, such as making a specific product more efficiently than another activity. (Think Apple making an iPod and Microsoft trying to make Apple's same exact iPod)

1 governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation

the ability to negotiate with foreign governments.

Command Economy

the allocation of resources, labor, and capital are determined by the government which also sets prices. the government makes all of the decisions regarding the production and distribution of goods and services. Example: Cuba-Communist

Supply and Demand

the amount of commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it. Supply Up, Price Down....Supply Down, Price Up

To better understand the impact of ancient Greece on the historical development of Western civilization

the best resources to examine are related to:,Origins of the Renaissance

I. Federal reserve bank system is made up of 12 regional banks

the board of governors of the federal reserve systems, and the federal open market committee. II. Federal reserve banks are located in SF, Atlanta, and Kansas City. III. Federal reserve bank functions are to issue new currency, hold deposits for the banks in their districts, and open the payments network. Of the above, which of the following is/are accurate?,I, II, and III

Excutive branch

the branch of government that carries out laws- President, Vice Present & Cabinet

Gold Rush 1800s

the cause of people migrating to California in the 1800s.

Effect of the Gulf Stream

the climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.

Congress

the constitution grants them the ability to declare war.

Opportunity Cost

the cost of doing one thing is the value of what else you could be doing.

Declaration of Independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

When national output rises

the economy is said to be in...,An expansion

An agricultural town experiences a drought and is not able to produce as many crops as it typically does. As a result

the farmers are unable to provide grocery stores the amount of products they had promised. What economic situations does the scenario create?,Scarcity

An agricultural town experiences a drought and is not able to produce as many crops as it typically does. As a result

the farmers are unable to provide grocery stores the amount of products they had promised. Which of the following economic situations does the scenario create? A.Competition B.Scarcity C.Opportunity cost D.Absolute advantage,B. Scarcity Scarcity is a situation where resources are limited. In this example, the crops are limited because of the drought.

In 1811

the federal government funded construction of which of the following aimed at western expansion?,The National Road

Command economies

the government makes all of the decisions regarding the production and distribution of goods and services

International Date Line

the half way point at 180th meridian serves as a place where each day begins and ends on earth.

Equilibrium price

the overlap of the buying decisions of buyers with the selling decisions of the sellers.

Sixth Amendment

the right: to a speedy and public trial to trial by an impartial jury to be informed of criminal charges to confront witnesses to compel witnesses to appear in court to assistance of counsel[111]

Cultural Diffusion

the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

Gross National Product

the total value of goods and services produced by a country during a year

Rivers for irrigation

the use of a natural resource in ancient Mesopotamia to develop an early civilization.

Cultural Evolution

theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time.

centrally planned economy

there is little, if any, private ownership. planning authority makes decisions

"I am of the opinion that when once these rebels have felt a smart blow

they will submit

The effect of the Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln

this contributed to the Southern states seceding from the Union. They opposed this main because he favored Northern delegates regulating trade and expressed views against slavery.

and it was very moving on this occasion

to see and hear their cries at parting." Which of the following eighteenth-century practices is described by this narrative? A.Imperialism B.Mercantilism C.Chattel slavery D.Indentured servitude,C.Chattel slavery

and it was very moving on this occasion

to see and hear their cries at parting." Which of the following eighteenth-century practices is described by this narrative?,Chattel Slavery

and it was very moving on this occasion

to see and hear their cries at parting." Which of the following eighteenth-century practices is described by this narrative? • Imperialism • Mercantilism • Chattel slavery • Indentured servitude,Chattel slavery

5 types of climate zones

tropical, temperature, continental, polar, & dry.

market economy

uses supply and demand to answer economic questions

Responsibility of a U.S. Citizen

volunteering in the community.

The Cold War

was a long period of tension between the democracies of the western world and the communist countries of eastern Europe. the 2 countries never declared war on each other, they fought indirectly in proxy wars, the arms race, and space race.

Great Awakening

was a spiritual renewal that swept the American Colonies, particularly New England, during the 18th c. adopted an approach which was characterized by great fervor and emotion in prayer.

Silk Road

was a system of trade routes established during the Han Dynasty that stretched from China through India to Egypt, and eventually to the Roman Empire.

Revolutionary War

was fought from 1775-1783 know as the war for independence began with the confrontation between British troops and local militia at Lexington and Concord Mass.

Ancient Greece

was two major cities: Athens and Sparta -Athens was democratic, luxurious, celebrated the individual over the group, and they were leaders in philosophy, arts, and architecture. -Sarta was a class system, devoted to agriculture and military, military was mandatory, and stressed group over the individual. *The Peridian Age (5th century B.C.) was known for Socrates (philosophy), Hippocrates (medicine), and great dramatic works. *The Hellenistic Age (4th century B.C.) was known for Alexander the Great and the spreading of the Greek culture.

During the Great Depression

what TWO actions did the American government take in an attempt to prevent economic collapse? -Restricted educational opportunities for immigrants. -Limited the income earned by laborers. -Reformed the sale of stocks -Regulated the stock market,Reformed the sale of stocks AND Regulated the stock market

Demand

what buyers will purchase

If the House and the Senate have different versions of the law

what happens to the bill?,Both the House and the Senate appoint conferees to work out a compromise. This committee is called a "conference" committee.

During the era of classical civilizations

what primarily drove interaction between the Roman and Han empires?,Trade in Luxury Goods

Balanced Economy

when the government spends as much money on the budget as it gains.

The U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that African Americans

whether enslaved or free, were not citizens of the United States and therefore did not have the right to sue in federal court.,Dred Scott v. Sandford

Under international law

which of the following is a violation of human rights?,A prisoner arrested is not allowed to communicate with family members

Based on the illustration on the back

which of the following pairs best describes the relative amount of precipitation and temperature variation for the areas west and east of the mountain range? Areas West & Areas East A. More precipitation & More-moderate temperatures B. More precipitation & More-extreme temperatures C. Less precipitation & More-moderate temperatures D. Less precipitation & More-extreme temperatures,scroll for answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. More precipitation & More-extreme temperatures

During the era of classical civilizations

which of the following primarily drove interaction between the Roman and Han empires? A. Religious conversion B. Trade in luxury goods C. Common interest in Daoism D. Geopolitical rivalry,B. Trade in luxury goods

During the era of classical civilizations

which of the following primarily drove interaction between the Roman and Han empires?,Trade in luxury goods

Which of the following statements is consistent with the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and helped to influence the writing of the United States Constitution? A. The power to govern was a divine right granted to kings by God

which people were obliged to accept. B. The power to govern was endowed in individuals who organized a government and decreed communal ownership of the means of production. C. No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order. D. Government is an evil and corrupting influence and should be replaced by a utopian society based on free will.,C. No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and helped to influence the writing of the United States Constitution? • The power to govern was a divine right granted to kings by God

which people were obliged to accept. • The power to govern was endowed in individuals who organized a government and decreed communal ownership of the means of production. • No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order. • Government is an evil and corrupting influence and should be replaced by a utopian society based on free will.,No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order.

In WWII

which two cities were destroyed by atomic bombs before Japan agreed to surrender?,Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Roe v. Wade

woman have the right to have an abortion


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