FINAL REVIEW Chapter 14

Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?

All of the answer choices describe functions of the digestive system mechanical breakdown of food elimination of waste products chemical breakdown of food absorption of food molecules

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

All of the answer choices describe functions of the liver the storage of iron and certain vitamins the production of bile the production of blood proteins the removal of blood toxins

The body is unable to make any amino acids so all 20 of them must be acquired from a balanced diet. T/F

False

What is the significance of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori in the digestive system?

Most ulcers are due to stomach infection with this bacteria.

Which eating disorder is characterized by an irrational fear of getting fat, often associated with a perceived body defect?

anorexia nervosa

Which eating disorder is most likely due to a person being depressed?

binge-eating disorder

As food is processed and moves through the digestive tract it changes form several times. What is the correct order of the stages of food processing?

bolus-chyme-feces

Which eating disorder is associated with a binge of high-calorie foods, and a feeling of guilt followed by a purge cycle?

bulimia nervosa

Bacteria living in the large intestine

can produce vitamins.

Which of the following can result if the large intestine becomes irritated and peristalsis increases?

diarrhea

In what order does a dentist drill through tooth layers?

enamel-dentin-pulp

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the

epiglottis

Which of these organs has no active role in chemical digestion?

esophagus

Which of the following lacks nutrients?

fiber

Which of the following is responsible for the storage of extra bile?

gallbladder

Inflammation of the gums is called

gingivitis

In the body, glucose is stored in the liver as

glycogen

Inflammation of the liver is called _______

hepatitis

Water is absorbed primarily by the

large intestine

Which of the following human digestive enzymes is correctly matched to its substrate?

lipase-fat

In humans, what is the sequence of fat digestion from the lumen of the small intestine to the bloodstream?

lipids-fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell)-lacteal-bloodstream

In humans, digestion of starch begins in the

mouth

List the organs that food will pass through, starting with the mouth and ending with the anus.

mouth-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine

The digestive juices found in the stomach include

pepsin and hydrochloric acid

The muscle contractions of the digestive tract that push the food along are called ________.

peristalsis

In humans, fats are absorbed

primarily into the ducts of the lacteal of the small intestine

Name the organ of the digestive tract that contains microvilli and absorbs nutrients.

small intestine

Which organ in the human body produces maltase and peptidases?

small intestine

If you vomit and stomach contents move out through the nose, there has been a failure of the

soft palate uvula to close off the nasopharynx

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves are called

sphincters

Which organ of the digestive tract functions to store food, kill bacteria, and partially digest proteins?

stomach

Protein digestion takes place in the

stomach and small intestine

A function of the human stomach is

storing food and mixing food with enzymes to begin the chemical digestion of proteins

The hepatic portal vein is located between

the small intestine and the liver

The structure located in the back of the mouth that have an immune function are the ______.

tonsils

The main function of the esophagus is to

transport food from the mouth to the stomach

Which of the following types of lipids is least likely to cause cardiovascular disease?

unsaturated fatty acids

The fingerlike projections along the surface of the small intestine are called

villi