FINAL REVIEW Chapter 14
Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?
All of the answer choices describe functions of the digestive system mechanical breakdown of food elimination of waste products chemical breakdown of food absorption of food molecules
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
All of the answer choices describe functions of the liver the storage of iron and certain vitamins the production of bile the production of blood proteins the removal of blood toxins
The body is unable to make any amino acids so all 20 of them must be acquired from a balanced diet. T/F
False
What is the significance of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori in the digestive system?
Most ulcers are due to stomach infection with this bacteria.
Which eating disorder is characterized by an irrational fear of getting fat, often associated with a perceived body defect?
anorexia nervosa
Which eating disorder is most likely due to a person being depressed?
binge-eating disorder
As food is processed and moves through the digestive tract it changes form several times. What is the correct order of the stages of food processing?
bolus-chyme-feces
Which eating disorder is associated with a binge of high-calorie foods, and a feeling of guilt followed by a purge cycle?
bulimia nervosa
Bacteria living in the large intestine
can produce vitamins.
Which of the following can result if the large intestine becomes irritated and peristalsis increases?
diarrhea
In what order does a dentist drill through tooth layers?
enamel-dentin-pulp
Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the
epiglottis
Which of these organs has no active role in chemical digestion?
esophagus
Which of the following lacks nutrients?
fiber
Which of the following is responsible for the storage of extra bile?
gallbladder
Inflammation of the gums is called
gingivitis
In the body, glucose is stored in the liver as
glycogen
Inflammation of the liver is called _______
hepatitis
Water is absorbed primarily by the
large intestine
Which of the following human digestive enzymes is correctly matched to its substrate?
lipase-fat
In humans, what is the sequence of fat digestion from the lumen of the small intestine to the bloodstream?
lipids-fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell)-lacteal-bloodstream
In humans, digestion of starch begins in the
mouth
List the organs that food will pass through, starting with the mouth and ending with the anus.
mouth-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine
The digestive juices found in the stomach include
pepsin and hydrochloric acid
The muscle contractions of the digestive tract that push the food along are called ________.
peristalsis
In humans, fats are absorbed
primarily into the ducts of the lacteal of the small intestine
Name the organ of the digestive tract that contains microvilli and absorbs nutrients.
small intestine
Which organ in the human body produces maltase and peptidases?
small intestine
If you vomit and stomach contents move out through the nose, there has been a failure of the
soft palate uvula to close off the nasopharynx
Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves are called
sphincters
Which organ of the digestive tract functions to store food, kill bacteria, and partially digest proteins?
stomach
Protein digestion takes place in the
stomach and small intestine
A function of the human stomach is
storing food and mixing food with enzymes to begin the chemical digestion of proteins
The hepatic portal vein is located between
the small intestine and the liver
The structure located in the back of the mouth that have an immune function are the ______.
tonsils
The main function of the esophagus is to
transport food from the mouth to the stomach
Which of the following types of lipids is least likely to cause cardiovascular disease?
unsaturated fatty acids
The fingerlike projections along the surface of the small intestine are called
villi