Financial Institutions -- Chapter 12

13. The minimum Tier 1 capital for this bank is: a. $348 b. $450 c. $509 d. $581 e. $696

a. $348 Minimum Tier 1 Capital = 4% * Risk-Adjusted Assets = 4% * $8,700 = $348

26. What is the required ROA to support the growth in assets? a. 0.62% b. 0.65% c. 0.68% d. 0.72% e. 0.75%

a. 0.62% .05 = [ROA*(1-.35) + 0]/.08 .05*.08 = .65ROA .004/.65 = ROA ROA = .00615

6. Under the current capital requirements, assets in Category 2, such as repurchase agreements, have an effective total capital-to-total-assets ratio of: a. 1.6%. b. 2.0%. c. 4.0%. d. 8.0%. e. 8.6%.

a. 1.6%.

27. If the bank expects its ROA to be .45%, what is the maximum dividend payout ratio to support the increase in assets? a. 11.1% b. 22.2% c. 33.3% d. 44.4% e. 89.9%

a. 11.1% .05 = [.0045*(1-DR) + 0]/.08 .004 = 0045*(1-DR) .8888 = 1-DR DR = .1111 = 11.11%

18. To be considered adequately capitalized, a bank's minimum Tier 1 capital, total capital, and leverage capital must be: a. 4%, 8%, and 3%, respectively. b. 8%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. c. 10%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. d. 6%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. e. 3%, 4%, and 8%, respectively.

a. 4%, 8%, and 3%, respectively.

25. Approximately what percentage of commercial banks were currently considered well capitalized at the end of 2007? a. 94% b. 84% c. 74% d. 64% e. 54%

a. 94%

33. For a bank with deficient capital ratios, which of the following actions could be taken to increase the capital ratios, holding everything else the same? a. Cut the bank's dividend payment. b. Increase the bank's burden. c. Repurchase the bank's common stock on the open market. d. Increase the bank's growth rate by making additional commercial loans. e. Reduce the bank's holdings of Treasury securities.

a. Cut the bank's dividend payment.

20. How does bank capital reduce bank risk? a. It provides a cushion for firms to absorb losses. b. It creates unlimited growth opportunities. c. It limits access to the financial markets. d. All of the above. e. a. and b.

a. It provides a cushion for firms to absorb losses.

12. The tangible common equity (TCE) ratio for this bank is: a. 4.00% b. 4.04% c. 5.00% d. 5.05% e. 5.39%

b. 4.04% TCE = (Common Stockholders Equity - Intangible Assets)/(Total Assets - Intangible Assets) TCE = ($750 - $150)/($15,000 - $150) = 4.04%

Which of the following is false regarding bank preferred stock? a. Preferred stock investor claims are senior to those of common stockholders. b. All preferred stock investors pay taxes on only 20% of dividends. c. Most preferred stock issues are adjustable-rate perpetual stock. d. Preferred stock has the same disadvantages as common stock. e. None of the statements is false.

b. All preferred stock investors pay taxes on only 20% of dividends.

21. Why do regulators prefer higher capital requirements? a. It justifies the existence of regulatory agencies. b. It better protects the deposit insurance fund. c. It enhances bank asset quality. d. It decreases bank profitability. e. It increases bank leverage.

b. It better protects the deposit insurance fund.

28. If the bank expects its ROA to be .45% and the bank does not wish to change its dividend payout ratio from 35%, how much new equity capital (as a percent of total assets) must the bank issue to support the growth in assets? a. 0.2925% b. 2.935% c. 0.1075% d. 1.075% e. 1.367%

c. 0.1075% .05 = [.0045*(1-.35) + ΔEC/TA]/.08 .05 *.08= [.002925 + ΔEC/TA] .004 - .002925 = ΔEC/TA ΔEC/TA = .001075

7. Under the current capital requirements, assets in Category 3, such as 1-4 family real estate loans, have an effective total capital-to-total-assets ratio of: a. 1.6%. b. 2.0%. c. 4.0%. d. 8.0%. e. 8.6%.

c. 4.0%.

34. Which of the following is not a Category 1 (Risk Rate = 0%) balance sheet asset? a. Currency in transit. b. U.S. Treasury securities. c. Cash items in the process of collection. d. Claims unconditionally guaranteed by the U.S. government. e. All of the above are Category 1 (Risk Rate = 0%) assets.

c. Cash items in the process of collection.

29. For banks that have insufficient capital, which of the following is not a typical operating strategy to achieve capital adequacy? a. Limit asset growth b. Shrink the bank c. Increase the dollar amount of commercial loans outstanding d. Shift more bank assets into lower risk categories. e. Reprice assets to reflect greater equity support

c. Increase the dollar amount of commercial loans outstanding

15. Which of the following is included in regulatory capital but not accounting capital? ¬ a. Capital reserve for contingencies b. Preferred stock c. Subordinated debt d. Surplus e. All of the above are included in both regulatory and accounting capital

c. Subordinated debt

5. Which of the following was not part of the Basel Agreement? a. Bank's required capital was linked to its composition of assets. b. Banks are required to operate with a minimum level of equity. c. The ownership of equity by banks was prohibited. d. Capital requirements across countries were standardized. e. The minimum total capital requirements were set to 8% of risk-adjusted assets.

c. The ownership of equity by banks was prohibited.

22. Why do banks generally prefer lower capital requirements? a. To minimize the impact shareholders have on management decisions. b. To increase the influence of bank regulators. c. To increase a bank's return on equity. d. To increase depositor protection. e. To maximize operating leverage.

c. To increase a bank's return on equity.

32. Which of the following is a hybrid form of equity that effectively pays dividends that are tax deductible and is considered Tier 1 capital? a. Common stock b. Preferred stock c. Trust preferred stock d. Leases e. Trust subordinated debt

c. Trust preferred stock

3. Which of the following is not part of Tier 1 or core capital? a. minority interests in equity capital of consolidated subsidiaries. b. common stockholders equity c. cumulative perpetual preferred stock. d. noncumulative perpetual preferred stock. e. All of the above are part of Tier 1 or core capital..

c. cumulative perpetual preferred stock.

2. Prior to the Basel Agreement, capital requirements were established without regard to: a. the bank's liquidity risk. b. the bank's asset quality. c. the size of the bank's assets. d. the bank's operational risk. e. the bank's interest rate risk.

c. the size of the bank's assets.

10. How much Tier 1 capital does the bank have? a. $100 b. $400 c. $450 d. $750 e. $950

d. $750 Tier 1 Capital = Common Stock +Common Stock Surplus + Retained Earnings Tier 1 Capital = $100 + $300 + $350 = $750

11. How much Tier 2 capital does the bank have? a. $200 b. $450 c. $550 d. $800 e. $1100

d. $800 Tier 2 Capital = Subordinated Debt + Cumulative Preferred Stock + Allowance for Loan Loss Tier 2 Capital = $250 + $200 + $350 = $800

17. To be considered well-capitalized, a bank's minimum Tier 1 capital, total capital, and leverage capital must be: a. 4%, 8%, and 3%, respectively. b. 8%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. c. 10%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. d. 6%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. e. 3%, 4%, and 8%, respectively.

d. 6%, 10%, and 5%, respectively.

16. When the final Basel III rules are implemented in 2019, the minimum Tier 1 capital/risk-weighted assets percentage will be: a. 4% b. 6% c. 8% d. 8.5% e. 10.5%

d. 8.5%

23. How do capital requirements constrain bank growth? a. By discouraging investments in Treasury securities. b. By disallowing the ownership of mortgage loans. c. By decreasing a bank's net interest margin. d. By limiting the amount of new assets that a bank can acquire through debt financing. e. By reducing a bank's CAMELS ratings.

d. By limiting the amount of new assets that a bank can acquire through debt financing.

30. Which of the following is true regarding subordinated debt? a. Subordinated debt claims come before the claims of depositors. b. Principal payments are not mandatory. c. Transaction costs on issuing new debt are lower than when issuing new equity. d. Interest payments on subordinated debt are tax-deductible. e. New subordinated debt dilutes existing shareholder equity.

d. Interest payments on subordinated debt are tax-deductible.

24. Which of the following is not a weakness of risk-based capital standards? a. They ignore interest rate risk. b. They ignore the value of deposit insurance. c. They ignore changes in the market value of assets. d. They ignore credit risk. e. They ignore the value of a bank's charter.

d. They ignore credit risk.

8. Under current capital requirements, Tier 1 Capital takes of all of the following into account except: a. common stockholder's equity. b. equity in subsidiaries. c. goodwill. d. allowance for loan and lease losses. e. noncumulative perpetual preferred stock.

d. allowance for loan and lease losses.

14. The minimum total capital for this bank is: a. $348 b. $450 c. $509 d. $581 e. $696

e. $696 Minimum Total Capital = 8% * Risk-Adjusted Assets = 8% * $8,700 = $696

1. Banks with greater capital can do all of the following except: a. borrow at lower rates. b. make larger loans. c. expand faster through acquisitions. d. expand faster through internal growth e. Banks with greater capital can do all of the above.

e. Banks with greater capital can do all of the above.

31. Which of the following is not true regarding common stock? a. Common stock has no maturity. b. New issues of common stock may dilute existing shareholder equity. c. Common stock is a permanent source of funds. d. Dividends paid are not tax-deductible. e. Dividends are considered a fixed charge that must be paid.

e. Dividends are considered a fixed charge that must be paid.

19. A bank that does not meet the minimum levels for Tier 1 capital, total capital, and leverage capital ratios is classified as: a. well-capitalized. b. adequately capitalized. c. undercapitalized. d. significantly undercapitalized. e. critically undercapitalized.

e. critically undercapitalized.

9. Tier 2 capital consists of all of the following except: a. 30-year subordinated debt. b. cumulative perpetual preferred stock. c. mandatory convertible preferred stock. d. preferred stock with a maturity of 7 years. e. equity in subsidiaries.

e. equity in subsidiaries.

4. Supplementary or Tier 2 capital does not include: a. hybrid capital instruments b. intermediate-term preferred stock c. cumulative perpetual preferred stock d. long-term preferred stock e. noncumulative perpetual preferred stock

e. noncumulative perpetual preferred stock