First Aid Exam 2

in stroke assessment, FAST means...

face, arms, speech, time

occurs when the brain is temporarily deprived of oxygen

fainting

signs ans symptoms for heat stroke

fainting, vomiting, extremely high body temperature, no active sweating

true or false: helmets are able to prevent concussions

false

true or false: if you have your ARC certification, you must render aid at any emergency

false

treatment for superficial (1st degree) burns

flush with cool water, cool and cover

what signals should you look for to determine if a person is bleeding internally?

the person is vomiting or coughing up blood, there are tender, swollen, bruised areas or hard bumps on the body, the person is becoming confused, weak, faint, or unconscious

the primary method body heat is generated if by

the result of converting food into energy

move an injured person only if

the scene is or is becoming unsafe, you need to reach another person with a more severe injury or illness, you need to move a person to give emergency care

the groups of people MOST susceptible to hyperthermic or hypothermic events are

the young and the elderly

what are four causes of burns

thermal (heat), chemical, electrical, radiation

true or false: a by-product of cellular metabolism is heat

true

true or false: a woman uncomplaining of only nausea and being really tired may be having a heart attack

true

true or false: early recognition is the key to survival

true

reassess patients with non-life-threatening patients every

15 minutes

you should reassess patients with life-threatening injuries every

5 minutes

___ percent of adults in the US cannot correctly define a concussion, ___ percent of parents don't know that safety equipment cannot prevent the majority of all concussions

90%, 75%

when reassessing what do you look at?

ABC's LOC, and reevaluate their injuries and your treatment

a concussion is

a direct blow to the heat that causes the brain to rattle around and hit the skull- mild traumatic brain injury

a wound where skin has been rubbed/scraped away

abrasion

poison oak, poison ivy, and poison sumac are all common poisons that are...

absorbed

if an open wound continues to bleed after applying direct pressure

add additional dressings and continue to apply direct pressure, do not remove any blood-soaked dressings, ensure that 911 or the local emergency number has been called

open wounds may include the following

amputations and avulsions, cuts and lacerations, penetrating injuries

a partial or complete tearing away of the integumentary system

avulsion

ligaments connect

bone to bone

tendons connect

bone to muscle

arterial bleeding is characterized by

bright red blood that, sue to high pressure spurts out

treatment for full thickness (3rd degree) burns

call 911 first, flush with a lot of cold water and loosely bandage

treatment for heat stroke

call 911, move to cool area, rapid cooling (cover with ice bags) or place in cool tub of water, rehydrate

you see a woman collapse in front of you while entering the lobby of your office building. You check the scene and then check the victim for consciousness but she does not respond. What should you do next?

call or have someone call EMS

what should you do if you suspect poisoning in a conscious person after calling 911

call poison control at 1-800-222-1222 and follow advice given

What is a common signal of sudden illness

changes in level of consciousness, loss of vision or blurred vision, signals of shock

sitting in Wendy's, you notice a woman sitting alone and staring at her food. You observe this for several minutes with no obvious change. What should you do next?

check the scene for safety, then approach the woman and ask if she is okay

when treating your victim for suspected first degree burns

cool the area and cover with a sterile dressing

signs ans symptoms of heat cramps

cramping in muscles, dry mouth, pale face, muscle spasms in large muscles

ways of loosing body heat are through

evaporation, conduction, radiation

venous bleeding is characterized by

dark red blood that, due to low pressure oozes out (slower, easier to control)

What is DOTS

deformity, open wound, tenderness, swelling

the inability of the body to change sugar (glucose) from food into energy due to problems with the endocrine system where the pancreas is not producing enough insulin

diabetic emergency

late signs of dehydration include

disorientation/delirium, dry musous membranes or sunken eyes, decrease in perspiration

treatment of partial thickness (2nd degree) burns

do not pop blisters, first flush with cold water, then loosely bandage

how should you care for someone with frostbitten hands?

get the person to a warm environment, then rewarm their hands in warm water

what should you do for a person showing signs of heat exhaustion?

get them out of the heat and into a cooler place

a general rule about emergency care for diabetics is-when in doubt...

give sugar

treatment for severe nose bleed includes

have the patient lean forward and let the blood flow freely while pinching the nose closed

early signs of dehydration include

headache, irritability, or dizziness, nausea, dry lips and mouth

the progression that heat-related emergencies can follow from early stage to late, is

heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke

what is caused by too much insulin and too little blood sugar

hypoglycemia

in anaphyalaxis, the epi-pen

is designed to be self-administered

high humidity

limits evaporation of sweat

signs ans symptoms for heat exhaustion

nausea, dizziness, chills, pale

concussion screening which aids in the diagnosis and assessment of concussions by evaluating a person's thinking ability and are used by many professional sports organizations

neurocognitive tests

signs ans symptoms of full thickness (3rd degree) burns

not painful due to nerves being burned, black white charred skin

an injury which involves a wound with the broken bone sticking through the skin

open fracture

signs ans symptoms of superficial (1st degree) burns

painful with redness and minimal scarring if any

you should also treat your patient for shock by

putting them in a position of comfort, talking to them and try to calm them, maintain normal body temperature

when caring for a patient experiencing a seizure, you should

remove all nearby objects that might cause injury

first aid for dehydration includes

replacing lost fluids

when caring for muscle/bone/joint injuries, RICE stands for

rest, ice, compression, elevation

the results of abnormal electrical activity in the brain and causes temporary, involuntary changes in body movement, function, sensation, awareness or behavior

seizure

when treating a patient suffering from an impaled object, you should

stabilize the object in place using bulky dressing and bandaging

treatment for heat cramps

stop activity, replenish fluids, massage or stretch muscle

treatment for heat exhaustion

stop activity, use cool wet cloths to cool, move to cool area, replenish fluids

responding to a scream for help, Brian finds a woman in the lunch room had burned her hand. He should...

stop the burning, cool the burn with large amount of cold water, cover the burn loosely with a dry, sterile dressing

an injury to the muscloskeletal system which involves the tearing of tendons

strain

caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain

stroke

sweating is

the bodys way of cooling itself

signs ans symptoms partial thickness (2nd degree)

very painful, major blistering

concussion screening which evaluates the parts of the inner ear and brain that help control balance and eye movements

vestibular screening

once you are all finished you should

wash your hands with soap to prevent disease transmission