First Aid Exam 2
in stroke assessment, FAST means...
face, arms, speech, time
occurs when the brain is temporarily deprived of oxygen
fainting
signs ans symptoms for heat stroke
fainting, vomiting, extremely high body temperature, no active sweating
true or false: helmets are able to prevent concussions
false
true or false: if you have your ARC certification, you must render aid at any emergency
false
treatment for superficial (1st degree) burns
flush with cool water, cool and cover
what signals should you look for to determine if a person is bleeding internally?
the person is vomiting or coughing up blood, there are tender, swollen, bruised areas or hard bumps on the body, the person is becoming confused, weak, faint, or unconscious
the primary method body heat is generated if by
the result of converting food into energy
move an injured person only if
the scene is or is becoming unsafe, you need to reach another person with a more severe injury or illness, you need to move a person to give emergency care
the groups of people MOST susceptible to hyperthermic or hypothermic events are
the young and the elderly
what are four causes of burns
thermal (heat), chemical, electrical, radiation
true or false: a by-product of cellular metabolism is heat
true
true or false: a woman uncomplaining of only nausea and being really tired may be having a heart attack
true
true or false: early recognition is the key to survival
true
reassess patients with non-life-threatening patients every
15 minutes
you should reassess patients with life-threatening injuries every
5 minutes
___ percent of adults in the US cannot correctly define a concussion, ___ percent of parents don't know that safety equipment cannot prevent the majority of all concussions
90%, 75%
when reassessing what do you look at?
ABC's LOC, and reevaluate their injuries and your treatment
a concussion is
a direct blow to the heat that causes the brain to rattle around and hit the skull- mild traumatic brain injury
a wound where skin has been rubbed/scraped away
abrasion
poison oak, poison ivy, and poison sumac are all common poisons that are...
absorbed
if an open wound continues to bleed after applying direct pressure
add additional dressings and continue to apply direct pressure, do not remove any blood-soaked dressings, ensure that 911 or the local emergency number has been called
open wounds may include the following
amputations and avulsions, cuts and lacerations, penetrating injuries
a partial or complete tearing away of the integumentary system
avulsion
ligaments connect
bone to bone
tendons connect
bone to muscle
arterial bleeding is characterized by
bright red blood that, sue to high pressure spurts out
treatment for full thickness (3rd degree) burns
call 911 first, flush with a lot of cold water and loosely bandage
treatment for heat stroke
call 911, move to cool area, rapid cooling (cover with ice bags) or place in cool tub of water, rehydrate
you see a woman collapse in front of you while entering the lobby of your office building. You check the scene and then check the victim for consciousness but she does not respond. What should you do next?
call or have someone call EMS
what should you do if you suspect poisoning in a conscious person after calling 911
call poison control at 1-800-222-1222 and follow advice given
What is a common signal of sudden illness
changes in level of consciousness, loss of vision or blurred vision, signals of shock
sitting in Wendy's, you notice a woman sitting alone and staring at her food. You observe this for several minutes with no obvious change. What should you do next?
check the scene for safety, then approach the woman and ask if she is okay
when treating your victim for suspected first degree burns
cool the area and cover with a sterile dressing
signs ans symptoms of heat cramps
cramping in muscles, dry mouth, pale face, muscle spasms in large muscles
ways of loosing body heat are through
evaporation, conduction, radiation
venous bleeding is characterized by
dark red blood that, due to low pressure oozes out (slower, easier to control)
What is DOTS
deformity, open wound, tenderness, swelling
the inability of the body to change sugar (glucose) from food into energy due to problems with the endocrine system where the pancreas is not producing enough insulin
diabetic emergency
late signs of dehydration include
disorientation/delirium, dry musous membranes or sunken eyes, decrease in perspiration
treatment of partial thickness (2nd degree) burns
do not pop blisters, first flush with cold water, then loosely bandage
how should you care for someone with frostbitten hands?
get the person to a warm environment, then rewarm their hands in warm water
what should you do for a person showing signs of heat exhaustion?
get them out of the heat and into a cooler place
a general rule about emergency care for diabetics is-when in doubt...
give sugar
treatment for severe nose bleed includes
have the patient lean forward and let the blood flow freely while pinching the nose closed
early signs of dehydration include
headache, irritability, or dizziness, nausea, dry lips and mouth
the progression that heat-related emergencies can follow from early stage to late, is
heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke
what is caused by too much insulin and too little blood sugar
hypoglycemia
in anaphyalaxis, the epi-pen
is designed to be self-administered
high humidity
limits evaporation of sweat
signs ans symptoms for heat exhaustion
nausea, dizziness, chills, pale
concussion screening which aids in the diagnosis and assessment of concussions by evaluating a person's thinking ability and are used by many professional sports organizations
neurocognitive tests
signs ans symptoms of full thickness (3rd degree) burns
not painful due to nerves being burned, black white charred skin
an injury which involves a wound with the broken bone sticking through the skin
open fracture
signs ans symptoms of superficial (1st degree) burns
painful with redness and minimal scarring if any
you should also treat your patient for shock by
putting them in a position of comfort, talking to them and try to calm them, maintain normal body temperature
when caring for a patient experiencing a seizure, you should
remove all nearby objects that might cause injury
first aid for dehydration includes
replacing lost fluids
when caring for muscle/bone/joint injuries, RICE stands for
rest, ice, compression, elevation
the results of abnormal electrical activity in the brain and causes temporary, involuntary changes in body movement, function, sensation, awareness or behavior
seizure
when treating a patient suffering from an impaled object, you should
stabilize the object in place using bulky dressing and bandaging
treatment for heat cramps
stop activity, replenish fluids, massage or stretch muscle
treatment for heat exhaustion
stop activity, use cool wet cloths to cool, move to cool area, replenish fluids
responding to a scream for help, Brian finds a woman in the lunch room had burned her hand. He should...
stop the burning, cool the burn with large amount of cold water, cover the burn loosely with a dry, sterile dressing
an injury to the muscloskeletal system which involves the tearing of tendons
strain
caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain
stroke
sweating is
the bodys way of cooling itself
signs ans symptoms partial thickness (2nd degree)
very painful, major blistering
concussion screening which evaluates the parts of the inner ear and brain that help control balance and eye movements
vestibular screening
once you are all finished you should
wash your hands with soap to prevent disease transmission