Human Growth and Development

Joanie is unhappy unless she has a boyfriend. She is very possessive and demanding with her peer relationships and constantly seeks to make someone her new best friend. What type of attachment is Joanie displaying? A. ambivalent

anxious

A recent study of stay-at-home fathers indicates that they

are ostracized at playgrounds and parent groups.

Kierra is a young, single parent who is emotionally distant to her children. When she does interact with them, she often gets frustrated and sends them away from her. What type of attachment are her children likely to form?

avoidant

With increasing age, young children's sources of regulation of emotion shifts from being

external to internal.

Romantic love emphasizes _____, while affectionate love emphasizes

passion; companionship.

Tricia is independent, adventurous, and likes to explore new places. Her mother, however, is overly controlling and rigid. This is an example of

poor goodness of fit.

Although she is upset, Olivia controls her emotions during a heated discussion with a co-worker. Olivia has a high level of emotional

regulation.

Three-month-old Elizabeth smiles whenever her mother smiles at her. Researchers call this a _____ smile.

social

Goodness of fit occurs when a child's temperament matches

environmental demands.

Social smiling occurs as early as _____ of age in response to a caregiver's voice.

4 to 6 weeks

In order to be emotionally competent, one needs

All of these answers are correct.

Older adulthood emotional experience is characterized by _____ emotions.

All of these answers are correct.

What is the main problem with labeling children as "difficult"?

It can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Kristin and Greg have been dating each other for several years. Although much of the passion has faded from their relationship, Kristin explains that she feels a deep sense of caring for Greg and desires to have him near. According to Robert Sternberg, Kristin and Greg's love is

affectionate.

Adolescents are more likely than adults to report feeling

both very happy and very sad.

What is an important factor in attachment as demonstrated by Harry Harlow's experiment with monkeys?

contact comfort

Cherilyn's parents often ignore her emotions or try to explain that her problems should not upset her. Cherilyn's parents can be described as ______.

emotion-dismissing.

A feeling or affect that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him/her, especially to his or her well-being, is labeled a(n)

emotion.

In a study of 102 married couples, what was ranked as the most important factor in enduring love across all age groups?

emotional security

Caregiver research indicates that fathers

interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do

Longitudinal research on attachment indicates a likelihood that attachment style

may be altered by negative factors such as parental death or unstable caregiving.

The temperament category of ______ fits with Kagan's inhibited category, and the category of ________ fits with Kagan's uninhibited category.

negative affectivity; surgency

Socioemotional selectivity theory argues that

older adults deliberately withdraw from peripheral relationships, while increasing contact with close friends and family members that offer enjoyable relationships.

Which type of emotions develops in the first 6 months of life and is also present in animals?

primary

Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby stress that

quick attention to crying is important in the development of a strong bond between parent and child.

Infant Nathan is smiling and "talking" with short, loud noises. His mother responds each time Nathan expresses himself by smiling and talking. This interaction is described as

reciprocal

What are the two major forms of love?

romantic and affectionate

What type of emotions are empathy, jealousy, and embarrassment?

self-conscious

Secure attachment to parents in adolescence may facilitate

social competence.

Reading emotional cues from others to help determine how to act in a particular situation is known as

social referencing.

The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves

stranger anxiety.