ENG 312 FINAL: TEMPEST

Illusion vs. reality, nature vs. civilization, nature vs. art, transformation(order out of disorder), Rebirth motif, Shakespeare's farewell to the Stage

*list the themes of the tempest*

neo-platonism Castiglione's Book of the Courtier, which Shakespeare would be familiar with.

A beautiful body is a sign of a beautiful soul in the writings

Miranda tells Caliban he can't be trained to be good, and only capable of anything evil! She worked hard to teach him new things and how to speak. But he had bad blood in you, no matter how much he learned, and good people can't stand him. He more deserves to be locked in cave than prison. accuses Caliban of being ungrateful for all they have taught and given him. Theme: Distinguishing man from monster Caliban's hereditary nature makes him unfit to live among civilized people and earns him his isolation on the island.

Abhorrèd slave, Which any print of goodness wilt not take, Being capable of all ill! I pitied thee, Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each hour One thing or other. When thou didst not, savage, Know thine own meaning, but wouldst gabble like A thing most brutish, I endowed thy purposes With words that made them known. But thy vile race, Though thou didst learn, had that in 't which good natures Could not abide to be with. Therefore wast thou Deservedly confined into this rock, Who hadst deserved more than a prison.

Caliban - I hope all the diseases infect Prospero... his spirits are listening to me, but I can't help cursing him anyway... he sends them to punish me for every little thing. Sometimes his spirits take the form of apes, grimacing and chattering at me and then biting me... Caliban enters with a load of wood, and thunder sounds in the background. Caliban curses and describes the torments that Prospero's spirits subject him to: they pinch, bite, and prick him, especially when he curses. THEME:

All the infections that the sun sucks up From bogs, fens, flats, on Prosper fall and make him By inchmeal a disease! His spirits hear me And yet I needs must curse. But they'll nor pinch, Fright me with urchin-shows, pitch me i' th' mire, Nor lead me like a firebrand in the dark Out of my way, unless he bid 'em. But For every trifle are they set upon me, Sometime like apes that mow and chatter at me, And after bite me, then like hedgehogs which Lie tumbling in my barefoot way and mount Their pricks at my footfall. Sometime am I All wound with adders who with cloven tongues Do hiss me into madness.

Sebastian

Alonso's brother. both aggressive and cowardly. easily persuaded to kill Alonso

claribel

Alonso's daughter; married King of Tunis in Africa Her marriage was the indirect cause of the disasters which have happened to Alonso and his companions

Gonzalo

An old, honest lord, helped Prospero and Miranda to escape after Antonio usurped Prospero's title. speeches provide an important commentary on events, as he remarks on the beauty of the island when the stranded party first lands, then on the desperation of Alonso after the magic banquet, and on the miracle of the reconciliation

Gonzalo tries to cheer up Alonso good reason to be happy- alive the miracle—the they were saved—only happens to a few people out of millions. THEME: perspective? - simply grateful and optimistic about having survived the shipwreck

Beseech you, sir, be merry. You have cause, So have we all, of joy, for our escape Is much beyond our loss. Our hint of woe Is common. Every day some sailor's wife, The masters of some merchant, and the merchant Have just our theme of woe. But for the miracle— I mean our preservation—few in millions Can speak like us. Then wisely, good sir, weigh Our sorrow with our comfort.

His naivete and willingness to be exploited shows he has learned little from his previous encounter with Europeans. This reflects both on his innocence and on European ruthlessness. This scene shows the foreign, civilized culture as decadent and manipulative: Stephano immediately plans to "inherit" the island using Caliban to show him all its virtues. Godlike in the eyes of the native, they slash and burn their way to power. Immediately putting aside his fear that these men are spirits sent to do him harm, Caliban puts his trust in them for all the wrong reasons. What makes Caliban's behavior in this scene so tragic is that we might expect him to know better.

Describe Caliban's behavior towards stephano and trinculo

Elizabethan love sonnet tradition: - Note the hyperbolic and paradoxical love language he uses. - Note the sexual undertone in their conversation.

Ferdinands conversation to Miranda reflects some of the idealism of ___

Ceres

Goddess of agriculture- nature, growth, prosperity, and rebirth (all notions intimately connected to marriage)

adrian

He is a lord attending King Alonso of Naples, His and Gonzalo's efforts to cheer up the dejected king in II.i are ridiculed by Antonio and the king's brother, Sebastian.

Ariel The king, sebastian and antonio are all waiting there in a crazed state of mind, and the rest are grieving over them, sad and astonished. Gonzalo is saddest of all, with tears running down his beard. Your magic spell has such an effect on them that if you saw them now, you'd feel sorry for them....*Id feel sorry for them if I were human* Ariel tells Prospero that they are currently imprisoned in a grove. Alonso, Antonio, and Sebastian are mad with fear; and Gonzalo, cries constantly

His tears run down his beard like winter's drops From eaves of reeds. Your charm so strongly works 'em That if you now beheld them, your affections Would become tender.

The mockery dished out by Antonio and Sebastian reveals he *noblemen's cynicism and lack of feeling.* Where Gonzalo is simply grateful and optimistic about having survived the shipwreck, Antonio and Sebastian seem mainly to be *annoyed* by it The positions of Gonzalo and Adrian have been those of glorified servants. On the other hand, Antonio and Sebastian have both been exposed to more wealth and power; spoiled by privilege. Gonzalo and Adrian, on the other hand, are simpler people — more able to appreciate the simpler beauties of the world. The island may be a paradise, but only if one chooses to see it that way.

How do Gonzolo and Adrian's perspective of the island compare to Antonio and Sebastians?

no commerce. no officials or administrators. no schooling or literature no riches, no poverty, and no servants No contracts or inheritance laws; no division of the land into private farms, no metal-working, agriculture, or vineyards. There'd be no work. Men would have nothing to do, and women also—but they'd be innocent and pure. There'd be no kingship— lovely dream, in which the frustrations and *obstructions of life would be removed and all could live naturally and authentically* *contrasts to his credit with the power-obsessed ideas of most of the other characters, including Prospero.* Gonzalo would do away with the very master-servant motif that lies at the heart of The Tempest.

How does Gonzalo describe what his kingdom would be like?

controlling events throughout the play through magic and manipulation. maintains his power, exploring the old man's meticulous methods of controlling those around him through magic, charisma, and rhetoric.

How does Prospero control events/ ppl?

Caliban's hereditary nature makes him unfit to live among civilized people and earns him his isolation on the island He insists that the island is his but that Prospero took it from him by flattering Caliban into teaching him about the island and then betraying and enslaving him. Caliban doesnt like serving Prospero. He considers the island his; however, he also realizes that he must serve Prospero because Prospero's power is even greater than Caliban's mother's.

How is caliban's attitude different? why?

Gonzalo discusses what he might do if he were the lord of the island poetic evocation of a utopian society, in which no one would work, all people would be equal and live off the land, and all women would be "innocent and pure." lovely dream, in which the frustrations and obstructions of life would be removed and all could live naturally and authentically *contrasts to his credit with the power-obsessed ideas of most of the other characters, including Prospero* *Gonzalo would do away with the very master-servant motif* that lies at the heart of The Tempest. THEME:

I' th' commonwealth I would by contraries Execute all things. For no kind of traffic Would I admit. No name of magistrate. Letters should not be known. Riches, poverty, And use of service—none. Contract, succession, Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard—none. No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil. No occupation. All men idle, all. And women too, but innocent and pure. No sovereignty—

Prospero (to FERDINAND) If I've punished you too harshly, I'm ready to make it up to you now... I put her in your hands. All the trouble I put you through was to test your love for her, and you've passed the test remarkably well.... Prospero gives his blessing to Ferdinand and Miranda, Prospero ends Ferdinand's servitude in this scene and grants Miranda's hand to the young man, THEME: change?

If I have too austerely punished you, Your compensation makes amends, for I Have given you here a third of mine own life— Or that for which I live—who once again I tender to thy hand. All thy vexations Were but my trials of thy love and thou Hast strangely stood the test. Here, afore heaven, I ratify this my rich gift. O Ferdinand, Do not smile at me that I boast of her, For thou shalt find she will outstrip all praise And make it halt behind her.

Iris

Juno's messenger goddess of the rainbow

both her innocence as well evokes some gentle comic effects to the scene

Miranda's love for Ferdinand and her confession that she has never seen another young man before him signifies___

Gonzalo tells Sebastion that blaming Alonso is only rubbing salt on his wounds

My lord Sebastian, The truth you speak doth lack some gentleness And time to speak it in. You rub the sore When you should bring the plaster.

Prospero (epilogue) -loss of his magical powers as he imprisoned Ariel and Caliban, the audience has now imprisoned him on the stage. the audience can only release him by applauding, and asks them to remember that his only desire was to please them. his listeners would like to have their own crimes forgiven, they should forgive him, and set him free by clapping. he forgives all the wrongdoers at the end of the play. Prospero's final request for applause is a request for forgiveness, not merely for the wrongs he has committed in this play. happy ending can restore harmony, and a well-developed play can create an authentic justice, even if it originates entirely in the mind of the author. the real power lies not with the playwright, but with the viewer, not with the imagination that creates the story, but with the imagination that receives it.

Now my charms are all o'erthrown, And what strength I have's mine own, Which is most faint. Now, 'tis true, I must be here confined by you, Or sent to Naples. Let me not, Since I have my dukedom got And pardoned the deceiver, dwell In this bare island by your spell, But release me from my bands With the help of your good hands. Gentle breath of yours my sails Must fill, or else my project fails, Which was to please. Now I want Spirits to enforce, art to enchant, And my ending is despair, Unless I be relieved by prayer, Which pierces so that it assaults Mercy itself and frees all faults. As you from crimes would pardoned be, Let your indulgence set me free.

does not "break her virgin knot" before their marriage. emphasize the disparity in knowledge and experience btw Miranda and her future husband. Prospero has kept his daughter extremely innocent. the end of Miranda's innocence is now imminent. Her wedding-night will come, she will lose her virginity, and she will be in some way changed. change is inevitable and that Miranda will soon give herself, in an entirely new way, to a man besides her father.

Prospero ends Ferdinand's servitude in this scene and grants Miranda's hand to the young man, provided that he ___

show his realization of his own limited powers even as a magician. key moment when he realizes that he cannot hope to live perpetually through his magical powers-the feeling of his own mortality is beckoning him as it beckoned Lear.

Prospero makes a short speech about the masque, saying that the world itself is as insubstantial as a play, and that human beings are "such stuff / As dreams are made on." what is the significance of this?

ariel

Prospero's airy spirit servant until Prospero decides to release him. He is mischievous and ubiquitous, able to traverse the length of the island in an instant and to change shapes at will. He carries out virtually every task that Prospero needs accomplished in the play.

Antonio

Prospero's brother. power-hungry and foolish. persuades Sebastian to kill the sleeping Alonso. Worked in concert with the King of Naples to usurp Prospero of his dukedom. - King of Naples helped Antonio raise an army to march on Milan, driving Prospero out

caliban

Prospero's servant son of the now-deceased witch Sycorax, acquainted Prospero with the island when Prospero arrived. believes that the island rightfully belongs to him and has been stolen by Prospero. speech and behavior is sometimes coarse and brutal, and sometimes eloquent and sensitive

Shakespearean Romance

Shakespeare reverts in these last plays to a type of comedy that is somewhat different than those of his earlier years.

ferdinand

Son and heir of Alonso. as pure and naïve as Miranda. He falls in love with her upon first sight and happily submits to servitude in order to win her father's approval.

Indian-European relations in the New World around the same time.

The relationship of Caliban (the "puppy-headed monster") to Stephano and Trinculo obviously is a rich commentary on ___

Ferdinand - Some games are painful, but their discomfort makes them more fun. Some kinds of lowly activities are done for noble reasons. And you can do poor things that lead to rich results. This hard work would be boring and nasty to me, but I'm working for a mistress who makes me enjoy my labor... These sweet thoughts relieve me and refresh me, especially when I'm slaving away busily. Ferdinand takes over Caliban's duties and carries wood for Prospero. Unlike Caliban, however, Ferdinand has no desire to curse. Instead, he enjoys his labors because they serve the woman he loves, Miranda. theme: Servitude - Ferdinand in service to Prospero, but in order to make his labor more pleasant he sees Miranda as his taskmaster. When he talks to Miranda, Ferdinand brings up a different kind of servitude—the love he has felt for a number of other beautiful women. Ferdinand sees this love, in comparison to his love for Miranda, as an enforced servitude

There be some sports are painful, and their labor Delight in them sets off. Some kinds of baseness Are nobly undergone. And most poor matters Point to rich ends. This my mean task Would be as heavy to me as odious, but The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead And makes my labors pleasures. Oh, she is Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed, And he's composed of harshness. I must remove Some thousands of these logs and pile them up, Upon a sore injunction. My sweet mistress Weeps when she sees me work, and says such baseness Had never like executor. I forget, But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labors, Most busiest when I do it.

Stephano Stephano thinks Caliban and trinculo are a four-legged monster with a fever. He decides to relieve this fever with a drink... Caliban enjoys the liquor and begs to worship Stephano. The men take full advantage of Caliban's drunkenness, - But while these two make quite clear that Caliban is seen as less than human by the Europeans on the island, they also treat him more humanely than Prospero does

This is some monster of the isle with four legs who hath got, as I take it, an ague. Where the devil should he learn our language? I will give him some relief if it be but for that. If I can recover him and keep him tame and get to Naples with him, he's a present for any emperor that ever trod on neat's leather.

Gonzalo reminds the Boatswain that one of the passengers is of some importance, but the Boatswain is unmoved. He will do what he has to in order to save the ship, regardless of who is aboard. Sebastian and Antonio curse the Boatswain in his labors, masking their fear with profanity master-servant relationships. - he mortal danger of the storm upsets the usual balance between these two groups, - characters speak less about the storm than about the class conflict underlying their attempts to survive it—a conflict between masters and servants Antonio and Sebastian swear at them but Gonzalo is cheerful. The ship appears to be sinking, and those on board prepare for the worst.

What differences do you notice in personality between Gonzalo, on one hand, and Sebastian and Antonio, on the other, by their reactions to the storm situation?

Prospero comes forth, subdued in his happiness, for he has known that this would happen. He then hastens to his book of magic in order to prepare for remaining business. he watches in the manner of a father—both proud of his daughter's choice and slightly sad to see her grow up. He is happy that it is mutual admiration, that they are kindred souls, that they both feel so strongly one for the other.

What is Prospero's reaction to Miranda and ferdinand which he observes at a distance?

prospero You look like something's bothering you. Cheer up. Our music-and-dance spectacle is over. These actors were all spirits, as I told you, and they've all melted into thin air...We are all made of dreams, and our life stretches from sleep before birth to sleep after death... Please put up with my weakness. My old brain is troubled. Don't be disturbed by my illness... - Prospero, suddenly remembers that the hour nearly has come for Caliban and the conspirators to make their attempt on his life. - Prospero's apparent anger alarms Ferdinand and Miranda, but Prospero assures the young couple that its a result of his age Prospero makes a short speech about the masque, saying that the world itself is as insubstantial as a play, and that human beings are "such stuff / As dreams are made on."

You do look, my son, in a moved sort, As if you were dismayed. Be cheerful, sir. Our revels now are ended. These our actors, As I foretold you, were all spirits and Are melted into air, into thin air. And like the baseless fabric of this vision, The cloud-capped towers, the gorgeous palaces, The solemn temples, the great globe itself— Yea, all which it inherit—shall dissolve, And like this insubstantial pageant faded, Leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff As dreams are made on, and our little life Is rounded with a sleep. Sir, I am vexed. Bear with my weakness. My old brain is troubled. Be not disturbed with my infirmity. If you be pleased, retire into my cell And there repose. A turn or two I'll walk To still my beating mind.

Caliban after prospero call him ungrateful for all the things they taught him, Caliban cleverly notes that he knows how to curse only because Prospero and Miranda taught him to speak. Caliban's only hope for an identity separate from those who have invaded his home is to use what they have given him against them.

You taught me language, and my profit on 't Is I know how to curse. The red plague rid you For learning me your language!

miranda

daughter of Prospero, brought to the island at an early age from being sealed off from the world for so long, perceptions of other people tend to be naïve and non-judgmental. She is compassionate, generous, and loyal to her father.

From Miranda's innocent perspective, such a remark seems genuine and even true. But from the audience's perspective, its ridiculous as some of the characters are still flawed Miranda speaks from the perspective of someone who has not seen any human being except her father. She is merely delighted by the spectacle of all these people. Note Prospero's qualification of her exclamation "Tis new to thee"

describe Miranda's reaction to suddenly seeing so many (male) humans than she has ever seen before "How amazing! How many wonderful creatures there are here! Mankind is so beautiful! Oh, what a wonderful new world, that has such people in it!"

I've darkened the noontime sun with the aid of you elves ...With your help I've called up the angry winds, and set the green sea and blue sky at war with each other. I...But I surrender all this magic now, when I've summoned some heavenly music to cast a spell, as I'm doing now, I'll break my staff and bury it and throw my book of magic spells into the sea... gives up magic. He says he will perform his last task and then break his staff and drown his magic book Magic still prevades the scene, Only in the epilogue, when he is alone, does Prospero announce definitively that his charms are "all o'erthrown" In the first part of the speech, he seems full of the power of his magic.He then seems to realize that he no longer has use for the magic, and perhaps that he should no longer use it. He is abjuring or renouncing magic forever.

describe Prospero abjuring his "rough magic" and announces his plan to relinquish forever his use of magic(his art).

Prospero stands at the top of this hierarchy. Prospero is the most powerful figure on the island. He therefore demands obedience from all of his subjects, including his servants and his daughter. At some point each of them disobey him. - Caliban swears allegiance to Stephano, - Miranda believes she disobeys her father by pursuing romance with Ferdinand Ariel has proven himself a faithful servant, yet Prospero considers him disobedient when he asks for his freedom. These complexities ultimately suggest that the island's hierarchy of power is less stable than it appears.

describe obedience as a theme

The nearly uninhabited island presents the sense of infinite possibility to almost everyone who lands there. - Prospero- deal place to school his daughter. - Gonzalo imagines a utopian society on the island, over which he would rule - Caliban suggests that Stephano kill Prospero, and Stephano immediately envisions his own reign tone of the play toward the hopes of the would-be colonizers is vexed - Gonzalo's utopian vision is undercut by a sharp retort from the usually foolish Sebastian and Antonio. *involves him ruling the island while seeming not to rule it, and in this he becomes a kind of parody of Prospero. colonial impulse in the play, the colonized have only one representative: Caliban. - The urge to rule and the urge to be ruled seem inextricably intertwined.

describe the allure of ruling a colony as a theme

Francisco- says he saw Ferdinand swimming valiantly after the wreck, but this does not comfort Alonso. Sebastian tells his brother that he is to blame for Ferdinand's death—if he had not married his daughter to an African (rather than a European), none of this would have happened. Gonzalo tells the lords that they are only making the situation worse

describe the difference in responses of Francisco and Sebastian towards Alonso's sorrow over the assumed loss of his son in the storm?

idea of justice is highly subjective- represents the view of one character who controls the fate of all the other characters. - Prospero's sense of justice seems extremely one-sided and mainly involves what is good for him - Prospero's sense of justice begins to seem, if not perfect, at least sympathetic. By using magic and tricks Prospero gradually persuades the other characters and the audience of the rightness of his case. - Prospero forgives his enemies, releases his slaves, and relinquishes his magic power, so that, at the end of the play, he is only an old man whose work has been responsible for all the audience's pleasure. - Prospero's idea of justice becomes less a commentary on justice in life than on the nature of morality in art.

describe the illusion of justice

Prospero gradually grew uninterested in politics, and turned his attention more and more to his studies, neglecting his duties as duke. This gave his brother Antonio an opportunity to act on his ambition. Working in concert with the King of Naples, Antonio usurped Prospero of his dukedom. - Antonio arranged for the King of Naples to pay him an annual tribute and do him homage as duke. - King of Naples helped Antonio raise an army to march on Milan, driving Prospero out. Prospero tells how he and Miranda escaped from death at the hands of the army in a barely-seaworthy boat prepared for them by his loyal subjects. - Gonzalo, an honest Neapolitan, provided them with food and clothing, as well as books from Prospero's library.

how did Prospero and Miranda arrive on the island?

.Ariel had been a servant of Sycorax, a witch banished from Algiers and sent to the island long ago. Ariel was too delicate a spirit to perform her horrible commands, so she imprisoned him in a "cloven pine" She did not free him before she died, and he might have remained imprisoned forever had not Prospero arrived and rescued him. Reminding Ariel of this, Prospero threatens to imprison him for twelve years if he does not stop complaining. Ariel promises to be more polite

how did Prospero meet Ariel?

Prospero grew uninterested in politics, and turned his attention more and more to his studies, neglecting his duties as duke. This gave his brother Antonio an opportunity to act on his ambition. Antonio usurped the position while Prospero occupied himself with his scholarly pursuits. His preoccupation with his studies and his trust in his brother. he neglected world ends and that he put too much trust in his brother.

how did prospero lose the dukeship of Milan?

Thoughh Gonzalo's idea is not presented as a practical possibility (hence the mockery he receives from Sebastian and Antonio), Gonzalo's dream contrasts to his credit with the power-obsessed ideas of most of the other characters,

how do sebastian and antonio react to Gonzalos utopian dream?

take Prospero's magic books. Once they have done this, they can kill Prospero and take his daughter. Stephano will become king of the island and Miranda will be his queen

how does Caliban plan to kill prospero?

Here is everything advantageous to life... How lush and lusty the grass looks! How green!... being rather new-dyed than stained with salt water

how does Gonzalo describe the island?

Dear gods, bless this couple, since you're the ones who have shown us the path that led us here. Was the Duke of Milan kicked out of Milan so his children could become kings of Naples? ...On one and the same trip Claribel found a husband in Tunis, and Ferdinand, her brother, found a wife where he was shipwrecked; Prospero found his dukedom on a poor island; and all of us *found ourselves when we lost control of ourselves.* had to struggle to become successful

how does Gonzalo summarizes the theme of restoration in his summary of the outcome of the previous three hours on the island?

Alonso restores Prospero's dukedom to him and begs forgiveness for the wrongs he has done to Prospero. Prospero silences Alonso's apologies, insisting that the reconciliation is complete.

how does Prospero react when he meets alonso?

Prospero forgives Antonio but demands that Antonio return his dukedom. Antonio does not respond Prospero says that his brother allowed ambition to be a substitute for compassion and fraternal feelings. He forgives him, unnatural though he is.

how does Prospero react when he meets antonio?

Uninhabitable and almost inaccessible... subtle, tender, and delicate temperance... The air breathes upon us here most sweetly.

how does adrian describe the island?

Seeing the vulnerability of his sleeping companions, Antonio tries to persuade Sebastian to kill his brother. - w/ claribel far away, Sebastian would be the heir to the throne. usurping Prospero's dukedom was the best move antonio ever made. By conspiring against the king they reveal themselves as more sinister and greedy - Prospero's exercise of power in the previous and following scenes seem necessary. o He appeals to his greed and his desire for power

how does antonio persuade sebastian to kill alonso?

Ariels music leads him there "I heard the music creep over the wild waves, calming their fury and soothing my own grief with its sweet melodies. I followed it here, or I should say it dragged me here".

how does ferdinand end up near prospero's cell?

through his studies of magic and language, he gains the ability to control the forces of nature and to *make their effects fruitful rather than destructive* With his control over the storm at sea, he wrecks Alonso's ship, leaving everyone alive, but separating them into groups to fit his scheme to get his title back.

how is the ship wreck an example of white magic?

serene and elegiac.

how would you describe the tone of a romance?

Illusion of Justice distinguishing man from monster Allure of ruling a colony Prospero's threats Dis/obedience Treason wonder admiraton monstrosity

list tempest themes

1. Events occur over a long period of time. 2. Plot- restoration and renewal after loss, suffering, and repentance. 3. tone- romances is serene and elegiac. 4. Providence (prospero) 5. Characterization in romances less substantial . - Major characters- stock characters—symbolic types 6. Family become the center of Shakespeare's attention, esp. fathers and daughters. (Also reunion of family members after catastrophe). 7. Spectacle is used as means to emphasize the fact of artistic illusion: - Prospero—in role of magician and master of illusion.

list the major characteristics of romance

white magic

magic employed to do good, - providential way. This magic adds energy to create a transformation to a higher level of evolution-morally correct

black magic

magic for evil and selfish purposes. takes energy away to create chaos, destruction, disruption and to bring systems down to lower states

Prospero

play's protagonist, and father of Miranda. Twelve years before- duke of Milan. center of power, controlling events throughout the play through magic and manipulation. maintains his power, exploring the old man's meticulous methods of controlling those around him through magic, charisma, and rhetoric.

Juno

symbol of marriage and family life in Roman mythology, queen of Gods

Sycorax

vicious and powerful witch and the mother of Caliban, one of the few native inhabitants of the island on which Prospero is stranded while pregnant with Caliban, was banished from her home in Algiers to the island on which the play takes place

neo-platonism A man as handsome as that can't have anything evil in him. If the devil had such a beautiful house as his body, then good things would fight to live in it.

what are these lines an example of? There's nothing ill can dwell in such a temple. If the ill spirit have so fair a house, Good things will strive to dwell with 't.

Gonzalo and Adrian

what characters stay optimistic about the situation?

ARIEL- Mine would, sir, were I human Ariel, who is made of air says that even he would feel sorry for them. So it would affect Prospero 10x more Though I'm indignant about their evil deeds, I'll go with my nobler instincts, which tell me to feel some compassion for them. It's better to act virtuously rather than vengefully. Now that they're sorry, I don't want anything more. Go release them, Ariel. I'll break my spells and bring them back to their senses, and they'll feel like themselves again.

what does Ariel say that impels Prospero to suddenly realize that he should show mercy to those that he has punished through Ariel's agency?

wishes Miranda and Ferdinand natural prosperity and plenty/ blesses the couple along with Juno

what does Ceres wish for ferdinand and miranda?

wish to "celebrate a contract of true love"

what does Iris wish for ferdinand and miranda?

wishes Miranda and Ferdinand honor and riches/ blesses them along with Ceres

what does Juno wish for ferdinand and miranda?

their union will be denied the sweet grace of heaven. Barren hate, sour looks of disdain, conflict will characterize the marriage, & they'll both hate it. The greatest threat is the barrenness — no children to bless the marriage.

what does prospero predict if Ferdinand sleeps w/ miranda before marriage?

escaped from death at the hands of the army in a barely-seaworthy boat prepared for them by his loyal subjects. Gonzalo, provided them with food, fresh water, clothing, linens, necessities, and Prospero's books.

what role did gonzalo play in Prospero and miranda's survival?

Trinculo, a jester, Stephano, a drunken butler drunken boasting and petty greed reflect and deflate the quarrels and power struggles of Prospero and the other noblemen. present comically some of the more serious issues in the play concerning Prospero and Caliban.

who are trinculo and stephano?

Prospero explains that he gradually grew uninterested in politics, however, and turned his attention more and more to his studies, neglecting his duties as duke. This gave his brother Antonio an opportunity to act on his ambition.

who is speaking? what is the context? what is the theme? I pray thee, mark me. I, thus neglecting worldly ends, all dedicated To closeness and the bettering of my mind With that which, but by being so retired, O'erprized all popular rate, in my false brother Awaked an evil nature. And my trust, Like a good parent, did beget of him A falsehood in its contrary as great As my trust was, which had indeed no limit, A confidence sans bound. He being thus lorded, Not only with what my revenue yielded But what my power might else exact, like one Who having into truth, by telling of it, Made such a sinner of his memory To credit his own lie—he did believe He was indeed the duke, out o' th' substitution And executing th' outward face of royalty,

Prospero uses miranda to unite the royal households of Naples and Milan after he settles his score with Antonio and Alonso. she is a pawn in the dynasty-forming traditions of European nobility that Prospero adheres to in his master plan. He is hoping that their union will bind Alonso (and Naples) to him, rather than against him as in the past

why does Prospero approve of ferdinand as miranda's husband?

so Sebastian and Antonio can be tempted to think of murdering Alonso. This is all part of Prospero's master plan

why does ariel put everyone except for sebastian and alonso

enemies have happened to wreck their ship on this island. his fate hangs on this lucky event, and if I handle it wrong, I'll suffer for the rest of my life.

why does prospero sink the ship?