First Aid Test #1

Lower person to floor, call 911, open person's mouth and look for object and remove it with gloved finger. If air doesn't go into lungs, begin modified CPR technique

If an adult is unconscious and has a blocked airway and your breaths do not go in what do you do? Same with an infant?

minute, hard flat, 2 inches

CPR compressions should be performed at the rate of 100 compressions in a ______ and must be performed on a ______ surface and compress the chest at least _____ on an adult and about 2 inches on a child victim.

Have a bystander call 911 or the local emergency number

After checking for consciousness, you determine that the person is unconscious. What should you do next?

Breathing into the person with too much force and the person's head is not tilted back far enough to completely open the airway, breathing too quickly increases pressure in the airway causing air to enter the stomach, breathing into the person for longer than 1 second per breath

Air in the victim's stomach or gastric dissension from rescue breathing is caused by?

Check the scene

Before checking for life threatening conditions, you should first

cyanotic

Bluish discoloration of the skin around the mouth or fingertips.

4-6

Brain damage is possible when a victim is deprived of oxygen for as few as ___ minutes.

cardiac arrest

Condition that results when the heart stops beating or beats too irregularly or weakly to circulate blood.

Stay at a safe distance and call 911.

If the scene is unsafe what can you do to help?

Use your legs not your back when you bend, bend at the knees and hips and avoid twisting your body, maintain a firm grip on the person, walk forward when possible taking small steps and looking where you are going to maintain a firm footing, avoid twisting or bending anyone with a possible head, neck, or spinal injury, do not move a person who is too large to move comfortably, use good posture.

List 7 guidelines to follow when moving a person in an emergency.

Recognizing that an emergency exists, deciding to act, activating the EMS system by calling 911 or local emergency number, giving care until medical help arrives and takes over.

List a citizen responders four actions in an emergency.

Panic or fear of doing something wrong, being unsure of the person's condition and what to do, assuming someone else will take action, the type of injury or illness, fear of disease, fear of being sued, being unsure of when to call 911 or local emergency number

List five of the common barriers to taking action at the scene of an emergency.

Unconsciousness, trouble breathing or breathing that is not normal, absence of breathing, severe bleeding

List four life-threatening conditions.

Any dangerous conditions at the scene, the size of the person, the distance the person must be moved, your physical ability, whether others can help you, the person's condition, any aids or equipment to facilitate moving the person.

List four of the limitations you should consider before attempting to move a person in an emergency.

unusual noises, sights, odors, appearances or behaviors

List four things that help you recognize that there is a possible emergency.

Check the scene and the person, call 911 or local emergency number, care for the person.

List the emergency action steps.

Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food, drinking alcohol before or during eating, dentures, eating while talking or laughing, eating while walking or running

List three causes of choking in adults.

When you are faced with immediate danger, such as fire, lack of oxygen, risk of explosion or a collapsing structure. When you have to get to another person who may have a more serious problem, moving the person with minor injuries. When it is necessary to give proper care.

List three situations in which it may be necessary to move a person.

prevent infection?

Main functions of integumentary system.

walking assist, two person seat carry, pack strap carry, clothes drag, blanket drag, ankle drag

Name 6 common types of emergency moves.

supine, prone, right and left lateral recumbent, Fowler's

Name the four body positions of a victim.

Check for other injuries or conditions that could become life threatening if not cared for

Once you determine the person has no life threatening conditions, you should do what?

shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, back or jaw pain, unexplained fatigue or malaise

Heart attack warning signals for women.

Thinking about these barriers and mentally preparing yourself to overcome them will help you respond more confidently.

How can a lay responder overcome any one of the common barriers to act?

Tell them to breathe slowly through pursed lips or pinch one nostril and breathe through his or her nose. Reassurance is often enough to help.

How can you help a victim who is hyperventilating?

Clean up the spill immediately ASAP, use disposable gloves and other PPE when cleaning, wipe up spill with paper towels or other absorbent materials, use tongs or broom and dustpan to pick up sharp objects, flood the area with disinfectant (1 part bleach per 9 parts water), dispose of contaminated materials in biohazard container, contact worksite safety representative for proper disposal of potentially infectious materials

How do you clean up a blood spill safely?

nervous system

If a person's use of language suddenly becomes impaired, which body system might be injured?

prone

Position where the person is lying face down on his or her stomach.

supine

Position where the person is lying face up on his or her back.

Fowler's

Position where the person is lying on his or her back with the upper body elevated at a 45-60 degree angle.

right and left lateral recumbent

Position where the person is lying on the left or right side.

A

To obtain a person's consent to give care, you must tell the person- A) Your level of training B) Your age C) A diagnosis of the problem D) Your job

Call first if: an unconscious adult or adolescent age 12 or older, witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant, unconscious child or infant known to have heart problems. Care first if: unconscious person younger than 12 you did not see collapse, any person who had a drowning incident.

When should you give 2 minutes of care first or call first if there is no one to call EMS?

As soon as it is available and safe to do so.

When should you start using an AED?

Wash, after, body

_____ your hands before and _______ giving first aid care to a victim even if you did not come in contact with the victim's blood or ______ fluids.

heart attack

Sudden illness involving the death of heart muscle tissue caused when it does not receive oxygen-rich blood.

angina pectoris

Temporary chest pain caused by a lack of oxygen to the heart.

Break down food into a form the body can use for energy,

The function of the digestive system.

airway and breathing problems, trauma

Describe the conditions that most often cause cardiac arrest in children and infants.

Move a person only if his or her life is in danger, ask a conscious person for consent before giving care, check the person for life threatening emergencies before giving proper care, call 911, continue to give care until more highly trained personnel arrive

Good Samaritan Laws will protect you if you remember the following points.

Air passages swell and restrict a peron's breathing, may feel dizzy and confused.

Signs and symptoms a victim shows during anaphylactic shock.

respiratory and circulatory

The two body systems that work together to provide oxygen to the body cells.

Is the scene safe? Is immediate danger involved? What happened? How many people are involved? Are bystanders available to help? What is wrong with the person?

What 6 questions are answered when you check an emergency scene?

remain calm, help the person sit comfortably, loosen any tight clothing around the neck and abdomen, assist the person with his or her prescribed quick-relief medication

What are some tips for helping a person experiencing an asthma attack?

Reposition infant's airway, repeat 2 rescue breaths, give 30 chest compressions, check for an object, remove it

What are the actions taken after giving care to an unconscious choking infant from the time you first realize your breaths will not go in.

Early recognition and early access to the EMS system, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced medical care

What are the four links in the Cardiac Chain of Survival?

When you are alone and have to leave the person, or you cannot maintain an open and clear airway because of fluids or vomit.

What are two situations where you may need to place the victim in the H.A.I.N.E.S. High Arm in Recovery Position?

Keep important info about you and your family or household in a handy place, keep medical and insurance records up to date and in secure location, teach children how to call for help, keep emergency telephone numbers listed in a handy place, keep first aid kit readily available in home, care, workplace, and recreation area, learn first aid and CPR skills, make sure house or apartment number is easy to read, wear medical ID bracket if you have a serious medical condition

What can you do to prepare for emergencies?

Pathogen is present, there is sufficient quantity of the pathogen present, the pathogen passes through the correct entry site (eyes, mouth, and other mucous membranes or skin pierced or broken by cutes, abrasions, bites, and sharp objects), a person is susceptible to the pathogen

What four conditions must be present for disease transmission to occur when giving first aid?

Interviewing the person and bystanders, checking the person from head to toe

What is involved in a conscious victim check?

Help the person sit in a comfortable position, check for other conditions if person is conscious, try to reassure the person to reduce anxiety, monitor the person, keep person from getting chilled or overheated,

What is some general care for a victim of respiratory distress?

To determine whether any life-threatening conditions are present

What is the purpose of your initial check of the person?

Do not use alcohol to wipe the person's chest, do not use incorrect size pads, do not touch the person while the AED is analyzing, do not defibrillate around flammables, do not use it in a moving vehicle, do not use a mobile phone within 6 feet of the AED

What precautions and rules should you follow when using an AED?

Enough to make the chest clearly rise

When you give rescue breaths, how much air should you breathe into the person?

epiglottis

Which structure in the airway prevents food and liquid from entering the lungs?

circulatory, nervous

Which two body systems will react initially to alert a person to a severe cut?

C

Which would you use to move a person with a suspected head, neck, or spinal injury? A) Pack-strap carry B) Walking assist C) Clothes drag D) Two person seat carry

D

You are providing first aid to a child who has fallen off of her bike. An untrained bystander picks up the gauze with blood on it. He is not wearing gloves. His action is an example of exposure through- A) direct contact B) bacterial contact C) viral contact D) indirect contact