Fitness chap2

"Kinetic" means

"movement" or "activity"

How many times I need to exercise every day so I can loss weight or maintain good health?

(Physical activity) you will need to increase daily physical activity to at least 30 minutes per day; to lose weight or maintain weight loss, 60 or more minutes per day is recommended

BMI =

-(Weight in Kilograms) ÷ (Height in Meters) x (Height in Meters) or -[ Weight in Kilograms ÷ [ (Height in cm) x (Height in cm)]] x 10,000

Definition of Heart Diseases

-Any disorder that affects the heart . -synonymous with cardiac disease but not with cardiovascular disease which is any disease of the heart or blood vessels.

How were develop our body image?

-Media images are linked to negative body image but Different cultures have different ideas of the "ideal" body type and thats how we develop our body image. Poor body image can also cause psychological distress

Obese

30.0 and above

Insulin

is a hormone produced by the pancreas. This hormone regulates the glucose level in the blood.

Diabetes related to Obesity

is a known risk factor for chronic diseases such as diabetes, which affects the way the body uses energy from sugar, starch and other foods.

Bone

is a living, growing tissue that turns over at a rate of about 10% a year.

Type II diabetes

is non-insulin dependent and can be controlled with significant lifestyle changes and drugs other than insulin.

What Is Blood Pressure?

is the force of blood against the walls of arteries.

Angina

is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. Chest pain resulting from reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle. Thus, it is a condition in which the heart muscle does not receive enough blood causing severe pain in the chest area. This results when the arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood are narrowed by arteriosclerosis

What are the Symptoms of Osteoporosis?

is the silent disease. Only through a bone mineral density (BMD) The syndrome appear only when the complication appear. In patients who do have symptoms, bone pain is the most common complaint. Fractures of brittle bone Deformity of bone Advanced arthritis of joints near affected bone Compression on neighboring nerves from enlarged bones, leading to a loss of sensation or movement Chronic pains in the back A gradual decrease in the height.

"Hypo" means

low, under, or too little.

Those with a coronary artery spasm,

may have angina when they're resting.

Participating in regular physical activity over a lifetime

may overcome the effects of inherited risks.

Top number (systolic) 120/80

measures the force of blood on arteries when the heart beats

In the last decade or so, children and adolescents have began to develop diabetes this is closely tied to ?

obesity and sedentary lifestyle.

80 % of type II diabetes related to

obesity.

When does angina occur?

often occurs when the heart needs more blood.

Throughout your lifetime

old bone is constantly being removed and replaced by new bone . Normally, during childhood and the teenage years, new bone is added faster than old bone is removed. For most people, bone mass peaks by the late 20s.

The increase of the abdomen greases

raises from resistance of the textiles for autacoids of the insulin

Exercises help you to

reduce your weight. Obesity increases the strain on the heart and it is increase the possibility of having heart diseases by increasing blood pressure and cholesterol percentage.

hypokinetic disease example :

such conditions include low back pain, obesity, diabetes, hypertension

During pregnancy

the baby needs plenty of calcium to develop its skeleton. This need is especially great during the last 3 months of the pregnancy. Studies have shown that women often lose 3 to 5 percent of their bone mass during breastfeeding. This bone loss may be caused by the growing baby's increased need for calcium, which is drawn from the mother's bones.

What is body image?

the mental representation a person holds about her or his body It consists of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, and emotions

Regular exercises help to increase

the percentage of the good cholesterol (HDL) which help to remove the bad cholesterol (LDL) from arteries. The increase of the bad cholesterol in the blood leads to drifting fats on the arteries walls and this leads to stopping blood supply.

Symptoms of Heart Diseases

tightness, discomfort heaviness, pressure or squeezing shortness of breath sweating or weakness nausea and/or vomiting denial, refusing to admit that anything is wrong dizzying , tiredness, headache stressed and pain in chest and left shoulder

Arteries

As people get older, ________ throughout the body "harden," especially those in the heart, brain, and kidneys. High blood pressure is associated with these "stiffer" ________. This, in turn, causes the heart and kidneys to work harder.

normal weight

BMI 18.5-24.5

overweight

BMI 25.0-29.0

underweight

BMI below 18.5

How do I know if I am obese?

Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher are considered obese

Angina Symptoms

uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the center of the chest. The discomfort also may be felt in the neck, jaw, shoulder, back or arm.

Type I diabetes.

when an individual's body fails to produce enough insulin, this person will have to take insulin (oral or injection) to regulate his blood-glucose level, then this person is said to have

Bottom number diastolic 120/80

Bottom number (diastolic) measures force of blood on arteries between beats

Gestational Diabetes

Can develop during pregnancy -it does leave women more prone to developing type 2 diabetes later in life  -It typically disappears after the baby is delivered

what type of exercise I need to do? so I can loss weight or maintain good health?

Endurance exercise burns calories Strength training builds muscle mass, which can increase metabolic rate

example: attack of angina

For example, running to catch a bus could trigger an while walking might not. -Also may happen during exercise, strong emotions or extreme temperatures.

Atherosclerosis

General term for a condition characterized by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the blood vessels.

Risk Factors You Can't Control of Osteoporosis?

Genetic predisposition Ethnicity: Asian and white Caucasian women are at the greatest risk for fractures. Age: Classic osteoporosis is a disease of adulthood. Gender: Osteoporosis mainly affects postmenopausal women Body size: small, thin-boned individuals are at greater risk

What causes obesity?

Genetics Eating behavior Activity level Knowledge of nutrition Stress level Use of medications, such as antidepressants Environmental influences Your family's behavior Availability of food Culture

Effects of High Blood Pressure on Your Body

Hardening of the arteries Stroke Heart attack Kidney damage Blindness

Lifestyle changes that can prevent and control high blood pressure include:

Healthy eating - emphasizing fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy foods. Choosing and preparing foods with less salt and sodium. Losing weight if overweight. Increasing physical activity. Drinking in moderation if you drink alcoholic beverages .

Blindness Or Impaired Vision

High blood pressure can eventually cause blood vessels in the eye to burst or bleed. Vision may become blurred or otherwise impaired and can result in blindness.

Stroke

High blood pressure is the most important risk factor for ______. Very high pressure can cause a break in a weakened blood vessel, which then bleeds in the brain. This can cause a ________. If a blood clot blocks one of the narrowed arteries, it can also cause a _____.

Known as insulin resistance

In this type of diabetes the receptors on cells in the body that normally respond to the action of insulin fail to be stimulated by it.

Diabetes

Is a disease (or a disorder) that occurs when the blood sugar is chronically high.

Osteoporosis

Is a disease in which bones became fragile and more likely to break. is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue. This means you may be more likely to get fractures in locations such as the hip, spine, and wrist. It's a debilitating disease that can be prevented and treated.

BMI "body mass index"

Is comparing your height and weight based on the concept that a person's weight should be proportional to height.

Why blood pressure calls silent killer?

It is especially dangerous because it often has no warning signs or symptoms. Regardless of race, age, or gender, anyone can develop high blood pressure.

Risk Factors You Can Control of Osteoporosis?

Lack of regular exercise Smoking cigarettes Anorexia nervosa (Eating disorders): irrational fear of weight gain leading to eating disorder Heavy alcohol consumption Medications Low calcium and vitamin D intake Excess soda consumption: The link between osteoporosis and caffeinated sodas isn't clear, but caffeine may interfere with calcium absorption and its diuretic effect may increase mineral loss.

Controlling Your Blood Pressure

Lifestyle Changes Don't smoke Limit alcohol Manage stress Healthy eating plan -Limit Sodium and Salt Achieve a healthy weight Exercise/physical activity

Prevention & Treatment: Begin a Regular Exercise Program

Like muscle, bone is living tissue that responds to exercise by becoming stronger. Young women and men who exercise regularly generally have greater bone mass than those who do not. The best exercise for bones is weight-bearing exercise. This is exercise that forces you to work against gravity, such as walking, jogging, stair climbing, tennis, and lifting weights. Weightlessness and immobility can result in bone loss. Space travel has provided significant research data on the subject of weightlessness and bone loss. Astronauts exposed to the microgravity of space experience significant bone loss.

What is obesity?

Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass, about 20% more than your ideal body weight

What are the Health Consequences of Overweight and Obesity?

Overweight and obese individuals are at increased risk for many diseases and health conditions, including the following : Hypertension 33% rise in type 2 diabetes Stress Heart disease (Obesity is one of the six major controllable risk factors for heart disease) Stroke Respiratory problems Some cancers (breast, colon) Excess body fat decreases the ability to perform physical activities 400,000 premature deaths annually Weight loss of 5-10% in obese individuals can reduce the risk of certain diseases

Who Gets High Blood Pressure?

People who: are older ( between 35 & 50 ). are overweight ( more than 10 % ). have high blood pressure in the family. Great deal of stress in life. Smokers Obese individuals

Lifestyle changes can help reduce the symptoms and complications associated with diabetes, example:

Reduce overweight level; Increase daily physical activity level; Reduce dietary fat intake; Increase intake of complex carbohydrates; and Decrease total daily calorie intake

What are the Treatment of Obesity?

Requires long-term management - consists of modifying your eating behaviors, physical activity, and monitoring your behavior, such as understanding what may trigger you to eat. - also covers the psychological and social components of obesity (stress management) In extreme cases (for some people who have a BMI of 40 or higher) surgical procedures can reduce the size of the stomach

The Prevention &Treatment of Heart Diseases

Smoking . High cholesterol level . High blood pressure . Physical inactivity . Obesity . Diabetes . Excessive drinking . Aspirin or Medicine.

How can we Prevent & Treat Osteoporosis?

Start early in life to build strong bones (teen years). Build strong bones with a nutritious diet, enough calcium, 1500 mg daily after menopause. Vitamin D - deficiency in the elderly is common. Stop smoking cigarettes and avoid heavy consumption of alcohol. Educate yourself about medications known to increase risk. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is given to women to slow bone loss from osteoporosis. But also led to increases in a woman's risk of breast cancer, stroke and heart disease.

The appropriate sport for heart patients:

Swimming ( not too much). Slow running. Walking

Kidney Damage

The kidneys act as filters to rid the body of wastes. Over time, high blood pressure can narrow and thicken the blood vessels of the kidneys. The kidneys filter less fluid, and waste builds up in the blood. The kidneys may fail altogether. When this happens, medical treatment or a kidney transplant may be need.

Symptoms of Diabetes:

The need to urinate more than usual Constant thirst Unusual weight loss Feeling weak or tired Blurred vision Tingling or numbness in hands or feet Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal Difficulty with erections in men, and unusual vaginal dryness in women Extreme hunger Feeling nauseated and vomiting Frequent and recurring infections such as urinary tract infections .

What causes High Blood Pressure?

Usually unknown. Narrowing of the arteries. Fast heart rate. Kidney disease. Medications.

The inappropriate sports for heart patients:

Weight lift. Running for long time. Boxing. Climbing.

THUS, hypokinetic means

[too little physical activity].

People with atherosclerosis have

a buildup of cholesterol and fat that makes their arteries narrower. Those deposits are called plaque. As the vessel walls thicken, the passageways through the vessels narrow, decreasing the blood supply to the affected region . (The deposition of materials along the arterial walls)

A disease characterized by

a lack of insulin production, or the body's inability to use the insulin it produces properly.

Hypokinetic diseases and other conditions can be prevented using preventive approaches such as

adopting healthy eating habits, using stress management methods, living a healthy lifestyle and so forth

Skinfold Caliper

are measured with a caliper. The measurements are used in equations that link the thickness of skinfolds to percent body fat calculations made from more precise experiments.

Heart Attacks

are the symptoms that occur when the patient's blood decrease in force in the coronary arteries feeding the heart muscles, which are often the result of the narrow coronary arteries, which prevents access blood adequately.

In diabetes,

blood glucose levels rise to abnormal levels, which can cause a host of symptoms and complications.

Regular physical activity and good fitness

can promote good health, help prevent diseases, and be a part of disease treatment.

Causes of Diabetes

certain medicines pregnancy (gestational diabetes) any illness or disease that damages the pancreas and affects its ability to produce insulin genetics may play a part in all types of diabetes mellitus. obesity

Bone is made of mostly of

collagen, a protein that gives the bone its soft framework. Calcium phosphate, a mineral that add strength and hardens the framework. This combination of collagen and calcium makes bone strong and yet flexible enough to bear weight and to withstand stress. More than 99% of the body's calcium is contained in the bones and teeth. The remaining 1% is found in the blood.

Sport help to

decrease blood pressure. If your blood pressure is high you are more susceptive than other to heart diseases.

There is no cure for

diabetes, but in most cases it can be controlled with proper medication and adopting a healthy lifestyle.

What are the some of the Causes of Heart Diseases?

disease is not contagious — you can't catch it like you can catch the flu. Some risk factors: The Age . Heredity High blood pressure . Diabetes: High blood glucose levels over time can lead to increased deposits of fatty materials on the insides of the blood vessel walls Obesity and eating not healthy food . Physical inactivity . Elevated levels of cholesterol . Alcohols + smoking

What does hypokinetic disease mean?

disease or condition is associated with a lack of physical activity or too little regular exercise.

Obesity is an ongoing

disease, not a cosmetic problem. It means that you have excess body fat that is putting your health at risk.

Hypertension is

generally defined as a blood pressure reading greater than 140 over 90