Floral Design Final Exam
floral characteristics of the japanese period
-Ikebana (living flowers) -usabata (flower vase) -tokonoma (recessed space for artistic display)
waterfall
-a cascading design resembling a waterfall in appearance -descending lines, sometimes intentionally crossed -several layers of different, typically sheer materials, with delicate textures emphasizing depth and creating a flowing effect -non-floral and/or reflecting elements are often incorporated -reminiscent of cascading water -LAYER -found in bridal industry -drooping arrangements
synergistic
-a design consisting of multiple, separate units (plant material, vases, or other components) that produces a greater impact when viewed as a whole rather than a sum of its individual components -all of the elements of the overall composition must work together in an artistic manner -different sizes to it -good for dinner parties and host gifts
louis comfort tiffany
-american artist and designer -stained glass windows and lamps -family owned tiffany & co
gustav klimt
-austrian painter -vienna art nouveau movement -decorative painter -gold lead -line and form -floating forms
floral characteristics of the oriential periof
-chinese influences -"mother of gardening" for their love of natural beauty and deep appreciation for flowers and art -development of ceramics to the point of becoming an art form and more affordable by general populous (not just wealthy)
chrysler building
-completed in less than 2 years @ 4 floors per week -7 arched crowns at its top each with a sunburst pattern evoking spinning hubcaps -machine-age elegance -brick with steel frame and stainless steel crown -lexington avenue and east 42 st, NY
floral characteristics of the present
-constant state of growth -thousands of flower hybrids -flowers available year round -new high tech mechanical aids -creative artists
floral characteristics of the victorian / romanic period
-design showcased full elaborate arrangements -upper society used flower arrangements to show off their wealth at parties -excessive, opulent, overdone arrangements for homes -typically round or oval in shape -posy holders (tussie mussie) -created/enhanced the use of personal flowers (beginning of modern-day corsages, wedding bouquets, and the myriad of other personal flowers -used lots of foliage, and flowers kept to a lower height -strong color contrasts and brilliant hues
floral characteristics of the ancient egyptian period
-earliest known floral arranging -regularly used of flowers in vases -highly stylized arrangements -flowers had symbolic and religious meaning -flowers in spouted vases with no visible stems and in regimented rows -Irrigation System !! -flowers used for burials, processions, table decorations
floral characteristics of the greek period
-first commercial florist for everyday garlands -cornucopia !!! -used flowers and herbs for adornment -didn't use vases much -garlands, wreaths, and cornucopias !!! -olive branches were placed in terracotta -tossed petlas onto floors and beds -laurel wreaths seen as a symbol of power, honor, allegiance, and dedication
emile galle
-french artist -glassmaker -opaque glass etched with floral and plant motifs -received a luxury form of glass art known as "cameo glass" -involved the careful carving and layering of glass and color
henri de toulous-lautrec
-french painter -printmaker -draughtsman -illustrator
characteristics of art deco
-functional machines crop up everywhere -simplified geometric shapes -fields of unblended color -symmetry -emphasis on line -strategy for the US to attain a culturally respected stature -cubism influence -combination of classical and contemporary -blocky figures -nationalist spirit -fine art and design merge seamlessly -speed
fine art
-historically: painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and poetry; with performing arts including theatre and dance. -today: film, photography, video production/editing, design, sequential art, conceptual art, and printmaking.
floral characteristics of the korean period
-ikebana (shin, soe, tai) -moribana (piled up flowers, massive, use of rocks) -rikkwa (standing flowers; huge, 12-15ft tall, to be in scale with temple)
formal linear
-integrated stem placement -usually radial with pave or another type of stem placement
floral characteristics of the ancient roman period
-kept previous customs -wreaths, garlands, etc... -with more use of flowers -vases were used -ROSES !!!!! ^Dies Rosationis ^Sub Rosa
characteristics of and influences on art nouveau
-major philosophy: the idea of art and design as part of everyday life -sinuous, unruly lines -Rococo curves -celtic graphic motifs -william blake's songs of innocence -plant forms flattened and abstracted
floral characteristics of the byzantine period
-mosaic and ivory artwork -topiary !!! (shapes: globe, square, cone, 2 globe, etc..)
kerman vase carpet
-named after kerman, a city in South central Iran -allover pattern of stylized flowers and oversized palmettes with vases placed throughout the fields -damask rose is the most popular motif in their designs -known to be the best: wide range of designs, a broad palette, natural dyes and fibers, great tensile strength, expert color combos
free form -- non-realistic interpretive
-not individual parts, but how they are grouped -immediate impact on how they look -usually only one design standing alone
floral characteristics of american floral design
-originated with garden clubs (book of rules) -oriental influence = simplicity and line -european influence = mass (think flemish) -oriental and european = geometric -geometric is uniquely American style
floral characteristics of the flemish period
-painters set the floral design styles -tall and massive, using many flowers of an unrestrained color palette -oval and symmetrical in shape -use of accessories like fans, birds, bird nests, and butterflies -curved designs, C-curved, and S-Hogarth shapes -flowers paired together that would never be found in the natural world -large and flamboyant -iris, peony, marigold, hollyhock, and the rose
hedgerow
-precise, upright design of parallel stem placements in which plant materials are aligned o masses in multiple layers to achieve the effect of nearly solid horizontal bands -geometric layers -very narrow and flat -work well in front of podiums
tulip mania
-prices reached extraordinary high levels and then suddenly collapses -some single tulips sold for more than 10x the annual income of a skilled craftsworkers -first recorded speculative (economic) bubble -'breaking' caused by a virus that can be transmitted from one plant to another
geometric design style
-radial stem placement -round, triangle, etc...
parallel systems
-stems are not radial but parallel-ly placed -multiple stems vertical or horizontal -clean, neat, and contemporary -looks good in architecturally strong buildings like homes with exposed beams or churches with exposes pipe organs to mimic the feature -modular parallel in divided vases
characteristics of art nouveau
-strong, flowing, asymmetrical curved lines -organic forms (flowers, plants, trees, etc...) often took the form of sudden violent curves which were often referenced by the term whiplash "crack of the whip" -included artworks, design objects, and architecture -used many plant forms -there was a flow from one object to another -influenced by Britain's Art and Crafts movement
floral characteristics of the persian period
-tapestry rugs !!!! -paper mache figurines and later vessels
ziggurat
-to build a raised area -massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia and the western Iranian plateau -part of temple complexes -in the center of town -the form of a terraced step pyramid of successively receding stories or levels -built tall to be closer to gods -assyrians and babylonians built them -people left offerings to the gods on the steps
why does art nouveau matter? (4)
-tore down hierarchies between type of art -rise of print and graphic arts -art for more people -architects used steel
free form -- realistic interpretive
-unconventional -interpretive (follows a theme) -freedom without changing the material so the material is still intact -using parts as they would grow, but not necessarily how they are naturally used -realistic (as in nature)
vegetative design
-using materials the way they would naturally grow or the perception oh how they would naturally grow -we don't use this in pure, we use it in perspective/commercial because of the practicality of the size -basically like scooping a section out of your garden -mostly requested in urban areas
pave
-was a technique, now a style -where the materials are flat against the foam/structure and there are no stems present -flowers are next to each other and the same height -can be lots of shapes -low designs inspired by the jewelry industry
characteristics of mother of gardening
-water, stones, plants, lotus pond, rock as sculpture, pavilions, walls, winding paths
abstract design
-when you look at something and make something out of it -pure creativity -doesn't have to follow principles and elements -using materials unnaturally to create a new creative image or "representation" -manipulation of the materials
EXPOSITION INTERNATIONALE DES ARTS DÉCORATIFS ET INDUSTRIELS MODERNES
-worlds fair held in paris in 1925 -designed by the french government to highlight the new style of modern architecture, interior decoration, furniture, glass, jewelry and other decorative arts in Europe and the world -many avant-garde ideas were presented for the first time -15,000 exhibitors from 20 countries visited by 16 million people during its 7 month run
2 ways roses were used in ancient roman period
1. "Dies Rosationis" -- After a person dies the family would gather at a rose bedecked grave and lay more roses in remembrance of that person 2. "Sub Rosa" -- Roman custom of hanging a wreath of white roses from the ceiling, and all things said beneath the wreath was to be kept a secret
top 5 places where US imports its flowers
1. columbia 2. ecuador 3. mexico 4. the netherlands 5. thailand
4 floral design historial periods
1. egyptian 2. greek 3. rome 4. byzantine
3 types of art
1. fine art 2. decorative art 3. applied art
US exports (4)
1. galax 2. leatherleaf 3. salal 4. california mix
3 places where flowers are grown
1. international imports into US flower auction 2. california CCFC-california cut flower commission 3. local ASCFG-association of specialty cut flower growers
six principles of chinese painting hsieh ho (shay) he
1. spirit resonance = harmony, energy 2. bone method = using the brush, texture, form 3. correspondence to the object = form, shape, line 4. suitability to type = color, tone, values 5. division and planning = spacing, depth, rhythm 6. transmission by copying = copying from life
2 market channels
1. traditional (diagram) 2. disruptive (olive and cocoa; 50 flowers)
the kerman vase carpet is known to be the best ? (5 things)
1. wide range of designs 2. a broad palette 3. natural dyes and fibers 4. great tensile strength 5. expert color combos
"Dies Rosationis"
After a person dies the family would gather at a rose bedecked grave and lay more roses in remembrance of that person
paintings in the flemish/dutch periods depict the style of modern-day ________________________ and ____________
Ambrosius Bosschaert and de Heem
TULIP MANIA -- __________ period
Flemish / Dutch
"Sub Rosa"
Roman custom of hanging a wreath of white roses from the ceiling, and all things said beneath the wreath was to be kept a secret
when you look at something and make something out of it; pure creativity
abstract design
art nouveau
an artistic movement which peaked in popularity between 1890 and 1905 which was practiced in the fields of art, architecture, and applied art; meaning "new art"
applied art
application of artistic design to utilitarian objects in everyday use, functional objects which have been prettified, aesthetics + function, includes fashion design, interior design, graphic art, and computer graphics
1920-1930
art deco
fine art and design merge seamlessly; blocky figures; emphasis on line; cubism influence; tasteful sensuality -- _________
art deco
simplified geometric shapes; symmetry; field of unblended color -- __________
art deco
strategy for the US to attain a culturally respected stature; nationalist spirit -- _________
art deco
1890-1910
art nouveau
characterized by strong, flowing, asymmetrical curved lines; organic forms often took the form of sudden violent curves which were often referenced by the term whiplash -- ______________
art nouveau
french term meaning "new art"
art nouveau
the major philosophy is: the idea of art and design as part of everyday life
art nouveau
what artistic movement occurred in western europe and the US, and lasted until WWI?
art nouveau
what artistic movement was practiced in the fields of art, architecture, and applied art?
art nouveau
#1 place where US imports its flowers
columbia
chrysler building -- art _______
deco
tai (what period?)
earth (Korean)
earliest known flower arranging -- ____________ period
egyptian
highly stylized floral arrangements used for burials, processions, and table decorations -- __________ period
egyptian
irrigation system -- __________ period
egyptian
regularly used of flowers in vases -- ___________ period
egyptian
synergistic: all of the __________ of the overall composition must work together in an artistic manner
elements
curved, C-Curved, S-Hogarth designs -- _________ period
flemish
flowers paired together that would never be found in the natural world; large and flamboyant -- _________ period
flemish
most floral designs were tall and massive, oval and symmetrical in shape, and using many flowers of an unrestrained color palette -- _________ period
flemish
unconventional, follows a theme, realistic (as in nature), freedom while still keeping the material intact
free form -- realistic interpretive
1950-1960
free form expression -- more like art then nature
decorative art
furniture, carpets, tapestry, embroidery, batik, jewelry, pottery, metalwork, basketry, mosaic art and glassware, book illustrations
________ is uniquely american style
geometric
what did american floral design get from oriental and european influence?
geometric
1960-1970
geometric mass design -- tight geometric bouquets combined mass with lines
in greek culture, laurel wreaths were given to who? and what did they represent?
given to olympic winners, civic leaders, soldiers, and poets; seen as a symbol of power, honor, allegiance, and dedication
topiary shapes (byzantine)
globe, square, cone, obelisk, standard, 2 globe, 3 globe, globe and square
cornucopia !!! -- ___________ period
greek
first commercial florist for everyday garlands -- __________ period
greek
garlands, wreaths, and cornucopias -- ________ period
greek
used flowers and herbs for adornment; acorns, oak leaves, laurel, ivy, bay, and parsley -- _________ period
greek
decorative, austrian painter who was known for using line and floating forms
gustav klimt
art deco
has its origins in the 1925 french art exposition at Le Musee des Arts Decoratifs; most popular in America between 1930-1942 (end of WWII); not a separate style until 1966
shin (what period?)
heaven (korean)
must cut flowers sold in US are ________
imported
what flowers were used in the flemish period?
iris, peony, marigold, hollyhock, and the rose
usabata
japanese flower vase
tokonoma
japanese recessed space for artistic display
ikebana
living flowers
soe (what period?)
man (korean)
what did american floral design get from european influence?
mass (think flemish)
flemish bouquet
mass and lots of different flowers
six cannons of design -- ________ period
oriental
mother of gardening
oriental period (chinese); love of natural beauty and deep appreciation for flowers and art
looks good in architecturally strong buildings like homes with exposed beams or churches with exposed pipe organs to mimic the feature
parallel systems
hedgerow: precise, upright design of _________ stem placements in which plant materials are aligned o masses in multiple layers to achieve the effect of nearly solid ___________ bands
parallel; horizontal
where the materials are flat against the foam/structure and there are no stems present
pave
tapestry rugs -- ________ period
persian
moribana (what period?)
piled up flowers; massive; use of rocks (korean)
flapper
refers to women who are attractive, rebellious, slightly unconventional, foolish girl, etc; they not only needed to look like one, but also have an attitude
what is the 1st korean style of ikebana
rikkwa (standing flowers)
ROSES -- _______ period
roman
more use of flowers, kept previous two customs -- _______ period
roman
preferred flowers of the greeks
roses, hyacinths, honeysuckle, violets, lilies, tulips, larkspur, marigolds
what did american floral design get from oriental influence?
simplicity and line
rikkwa (what period?)
standing flowers; 1st style of ikebana; done by buddhist priests; huge (12-15ft tall) to be in scale with temple (korean)
example of art deco
the great gatsby (1925) by F Scott Fitzgerald
geometric mass design
tight geometric bouquets combined mass with lines
like scooping out part of your garden; mostly used in urban areas
vegetative design
created/enhanced the use of personal flowers; the beginning of our modern-day corsages, wedding bouquets, and the myriad of other personal flowers -- ___________ period
victorian
design showed full elaborate arrangements; excessive, opulent, overdone arrangements -- _____________ period
victorian
first time anyone ever tried to establish official floristry rules -- ___________ period
victorian
giving of single-flower bouquets to convey specific meanings -- ___________ period
victorian
tussie-mussie and posy holders -- ___________period
victorian
typically round or oval in shape; strong color contrasts and brilliant hues -- ___________ period
victorian
how did american floral design originate?
with garden clubs
massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia and the western Iranian plateau; the form of a terraced step pyramid of successively receding stories or levels -- ______________
ziggurat