fnb midterms

· is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig (_________). It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BCE · is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. Ham, gammon, Dacon, and sausage are examples of is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork

- Pork - Sus scrofa domesticus - preserved pork Charcuterie

· are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. · The term also includes birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game.

- Poultry (poultri)

· such as salad, potatoes and bread are commonly used with main courses throughout many countries of the western world. · When used as an adjective qualifying the name of a dish, the term "_____" usually refers to a smaller portion served as a _________, rather than a larger, main dish-sized serving. For example, a "side salad" usually served in a small bowl or salad plate, in contrast to a large dinner-plate-sized entrée salad

- Side Dish - Side

TEA PRODUCING COUNTRIES

- china - East Africa (Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Zimbabwe) - India - Indonesia - Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon)

The Three Primary Components of Brewed Tea

- essential oils - Polyphenols - Caffeine

• The word menu is ________ in origin. The original menus that offered choices were prepared on a small chalkboard, so foods chosen from the bill of fare are described as a la carte.

- french - "according to the board."

was the subject of books and poetry, the favorite drink of emperors and a medium for artists. They would draw extravagant pictures in the foam of the tea, very much like the espresso art you might see in coffee shops today. In the --- century, during the Tang dynasty, a Japanese monk brought the first tea plant to Japan.

- tea - 9th

Originally tea was eaten as a vegetable or cooked with grain porridge. Tea only shifted from food to drink -- years ago when people realized that a combination of heat and moisture could create a complex and varied taste out of the leafy green After hundreds of years of variations to the preparation method, the standard became to heat pack it into portable cakes, grind it into powder, mix with hot water and create a beverage called "--' or "--"

- tea - "mocha' or "matcha."

· is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared of boiling water over cured leaves of the ---, an evergreen shrub (bush) native to East Asia. After water, its is the most widely consumed drink in the world

-Tea - Camellia sinensis

5 SIGNS OF GOOD ESPRESSO SHOT

1. Crema 2. Pour 3. Time 4. Biscuit 5. Taste

TWO METHOD OF HARVESTING TEA

1. Harvesting Tea by Hand 2. Harvesting Tea by Machine

COFFEE PROCESS

1. Picking 2. Processing 3. Roasting 4. Grinding Brewing(?)

Tea Health Benefits

1. Theine and Theobromine - increases the formation of brain waves called alpha waves, which are associated with alert relaxation. This is perhaps the main reason for the different, milder buzz that tea generates 2. Flavonoids - anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic properties 3. Rare Amino Acid 4. No Calorie Beverage

· Archaeological evidence suggests tea was first cultivated there as early as _______ years ago (or _______ years before the Pharaohs built the Great Pyramids of Giza.)

6000 | 1500

- in italy, the title refers to a person who prepares espresso coffee. - this title is only earned through proven skill and experience and is considered an honorable profession

BARISTA

· As of 2013, ---- is enlisted as the world's most expensive coffee. Produced by Black Ivory Co. Ltd., select Arabica coffee cherries are consumed by Thai Elephants and soon collected from their feces.

BLACK IVORY COFFEE (A luxury from thailand)

is the culinary name for meat from cattle. • can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak, which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness, while trimmings are often ground or minced, as found in most hamburgers. ​

Beef

is a drink other than water; an explanation on commercial context. are further divided into 'Alcoholic beverages' and 'Non-alcoholic' beverages

Beverages

Black teas tend to be bold and hrisk and thev are often described as astringent

Black Tea

is made by pouring hot water onto ground coffee beans, then allowing to brew.

Brewing

• Availability & Quantity of the food items will depend on the price • Quantity is not limited to portions • One set price for all dishes ​

Buffet menu

- is a drug that stimulates (increases the activity of) your brain and nervous system.

Caffeine

1. The cherries are laid out on a flat surface for 1-3 weeks to be dried out by the sun. 2. The shrivelled coffee cherry is then milled to remove the outer layers. -- coffees typically have a heavier, smoother, sweeter flavour.

Dry Method (Processing) Sun dried

has a unique pungent or "funky" taste, but this is mixed with other flavors such as sweetness, bitterness, and earthiness

Pu-erh Tea

Advantages · Only one server is needed · Service is as elegant as French service · Faster and less expensive · No extra space is needed for special equipment Disadvantages · Large investment in silver service ware · The last guest served will be served from less well displayed food

RUSSIAN SERVICE

Also known as European Service, Continental Service, or Platter Service, or service à la russe, is similar to French service in many aspects in that it is very formal and elegant, and the guest is also given considerable personal attention. This service is usually performed with a server wearing white gloves and the food is attractively arranged on silver platters for the purpose of sanitation and aesthetics.

RUSSIAN SERVICE

1. The skin of the cherry is separated and discarded 2. The beans are then fermented in water for 1-2 days to remove the sticky fruit flesh. 3. The beans are washed through channels of running water and then died in the sun or by mechanical drier. 4. The parchment is then removed by machine before the coffee is bagged. -- coffee tend to show Cleaner, brighter, fruitter type flavours

Wet Method (Processing)

A low-Caffeine, floral flavored tea best enjoyed unsweetened

White Tea

mellow flavor that is similar to green tea

Yellow Tea

- are often used in aromatherapy, a form of alternative medicine that employs plant extracts to support health and well-being.

essential oils

is a printed brochure that shows the list of options for a dinner to select.

menu

refers to the way food and beverages are presented to the guest. Different forms of service address the varying needs of different market segments and also contribute to the guest's perception of value.

type of service

Negative Health Effects (Coffee):

· Caffeine is mildly addictive - once you are addicted, your body will not function well without caffeine. · Increases stress - heightens your response to a stressful situation. · Teeth discoloration - tannic acid creates dark brown coloring of coffee.

Grinding

· Coarse · Medium · Fine · Super Fine

THE EQUIPMENT IN COFFEE

· Espresso machine · Coffee Grinder · Tamper · Filters · Milk jugs · Thermometer

Positive Health Effects (Coffee):

· Fights Obesity - boosts the metabolism · Energy - caffeine give extra boost of energy · Aids Memory - regular coffee drinkers score better on cognitive ability, logic comprehension and basic IQ tests. · Antioxidants - controls harmful free radicals

Roasting

· Light Roast · Medium Roast · Medium Dark Roast · Dark Roast

Non-alcoholic beverages can be divided into many variety for example: These beverages hydrate, some provide important nutrients and vitamins the body needs. Others energize, provide required sugar and calories. Other uses of Non-alcoholic beverage in hotels are for the use of making cocktails and mocktails, As they stimulate the plate & act as an aperitif.

· Mineral Water · Hot · Cold · Aerated / carbonated · non-alcoholic beers like Root beer · soft drinks · mock-tail etc.

PROCESSING STEPS (TEA)

· Plucking · Withering · Rolling · Oxidation Firing/Drying

Other considerations are (menu) :

• providing a clear and accurate description of the dishes • clear indication of pricing • stating whether a service charge is included

Menus can be presented in a variety of ways. These include:

• single laminated cards • fold out cards with inserts from the size A5 and above • iPads • chalk boards • white boards • printed signs, sometimes illuminated from behind

Design considerations of the menu include:

• size and shape • artwork/colour • ease of handling • logical flow of information.

TISANES

- Chamomile - Cinnamon - Citrus peel

soups are classified into two gr

- Clear Soup - Thick Soup

· is a course that concludes a meal. The course consists of sweet foods, such as confections, and possibly a beverage such as dessert wine and liqueur · The term ________ can apply to many confections, such as biscuits, cakes, cookies, custards, gelatins, ice creams, pastries, pies, puddings, macaroons, sweet soups, tarts, and fruit salad. __________ is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness.

- Dessert - Fruit

· is the largest producer of tea, producing about 30 per cent of the world's tea. Best known are the teas from Assam (strong and full bodied), Darjeeling tea (delicate and mellow and also Nilgiri, which is second only to Assam and produces teas similar to those of Sri Lanka · Darjeeling tea (delicate and mellow) known as the '____'

- India - Champagne of teas

• the choice is generally more extensive • each dish is priced separately • there may be longer waiting times as some dishes are cooked or finished to order.

A la carte

· is more specifically a condiment that is served separately from the food and is added to taste by the diner.

A table condiment or table sauce

Advantages · Informal · Portion control and reduced food cost · Limited skill and less space required Disadvantages · Less personalized service · Guests cannot choose portion size

AMERICAN OR PLATED SERVICE

In __________, all cooking and plating are completed in the kitchen. A waiter picks up the plated food carries it to the dining room, and sets in the plate in front of the guest from the right with the right hand. This allows two or three plates to be held in the left hand and arm while serving with the right.

AMERICAN OR PLATED SERVICE

is by far the most widespread style of service. It is found in bistros, casual restaurants and banquets because large number of guests can be served quickly by a limited number of personnel.

AMERICAN OR PLATED SERVICE

· ______________ are highly flavors seasonings of various kinds offered with certain dishes The objective of offering ______________ with dishes is to improve the flavor of the food or to counteract its richness or texture

Accompaniments

• Food items that are served before the main course of a meal. Fine _________ includes caviar, pate, smoked salmon, fresh oysters and shrimp cocktail.

Appetizerscor hors d'oeuvre

• Literally means card of the day, this menu lists foods only available that day and usually shows a selection of seasonal dishes and specialties (Specials of the Day) • It allows the Chef to offer a list of specials or variations in addition to the pre-printed a la carte menu. Or it can be used as table d'hote menu prepared for use on a particular day only ​

Carte du jour

soothes stomach; relieves anxiety. diarrhea, nausea, reflux, cramps

Chamomile

· is a dairy product produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. · It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. · Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and how long they have been aged for.

Cheese

Less dry tea is required than for making Indian or Ceylon tea. Traditionally --- tea is rarely served with milk. It is made in the normal way and is best made in a --- pot. --- tea is normally drunk on its own, but may be improved, according to taste, by the addition of a slice of lemon. Slices of lemon would be offered on a side plate with a sweet fork. Sugar may be offered separately

China

· This is the oldest tea growing country and is known for speciality hlonde cuch as Keemun, Lapsang Souchong, Oolongs and green tea. · Tea made from a special blend of tea that is more delicate in flavour and more perfumed than any other tea.

China

warms circulation; regulates glucose metabolism

Cinnamon

antibacterial: stimulates digestion and metabolism

Citrus peel

· These are served and consumed while chilled. _______ beverages include juices, mocktails, coolers, cold versions of tea and coffee, milkshakes, carbonated drinks, mocktails, and sherbets. There are a few ______ beverages which come as cocktails and are prepared using alcohol

Cold Beverages

· is a preparation that is added to food, typically after cooking, to impart a specific flavor, to enhance the flavor, [1] or to complement the dish

Condiments

Thick and aromatic golden brown part top of espresso.

Crema

• is a group of menus which are rotated on a set cycle (one that runs for a period of time with foods changing daily). Then the cycle is repeated •are usually used in institutional sector of industry- for example, in hospitals and prisons, on airlines, ships (passengers or non passengers) and in employee food operations. ​

Cycle menu

Advantages · Casual, communal atmosphere · Guests can have second helpings · Friendly but not necessarily skilled servers required Disadvantages · Not elegant · No portion control No plate presentation

ENGLISH AND FAMILY SERVICE

is usually reserved for private or special group dinners. All food is cooked in the kitchen. Plates are preset. The host, or perhaps the maître d'hôtel, carves the meat or plates the main dish and passes it to a guest, who in turn passes it along the table. Side dishes arrive from the kitchen on large serving platters and guests help themselves.

ENGLISH AND FAMILY SERVICE

Advantages · Personalized service · Guest may choose portion size and quantity of sauce Disadvantages · Poor portion control · Space between chair for platter width required · Can be time-consuming

ENGLISH BUTLER SERVICE

Butler service procedures are basically the same as for Russian service, except that the guests serve themselves with utensils provided from the platter, which is held by the waiter (butler) with both hands.

ENGLISH BUTLER SERVICE

· This area produces good quality teas, which are bright and colourful and used extensively for blending purposes. Kenya produces teas which are easily discernible and have a reddish or coppery tint and a brisk flavour.

East Africa (Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Zimbabwe)

is familiar to English style, except that the foods are placed on the table in large serving dishes and the guests help themselves.

Family style

· Many species of __________ are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world. it has been an important dietary source of protein and other nutrients throughout human history.

Fish

Advantages · Guests receive a great deal of attention · Service is extremely elegant · Entertaining since it showcases the food, presentation & showmanship · High average check Disadvantages · Fewer guests may be served · More space is necessary for service · Highly professional servers are required · Service is time-consuming

French Service (Service à la française or Gueridon Service)

this service is the most elaborate and labor intensive. A meal is usually divided into three courses, from which much of the food was cooked or finished tableside from a voiture, or cart, or from a gueridon, or side table in the dining room. When guests enter the dining room, the first course is already set up. In the first and second services, hot items are carried to the dining room on silver platters and placed on the gueridon.

French Service (Service à la française or Gueridon Service)

flavor profile can range from grass-like and toasted (pan fired) to vegetal, sweet and seaweed-like (steamed)

Green Tea

· These are served hot, ________ beverages typically include tea, masala tea (spiced tea), milk, hot chocolate, and variants of coffee such as expresso, latte, and cappuccino.

Hot Beverages

· Teas produced here are light and fragrant with bright colourine when made and are used mainly for blending purposes.

Indonesia

· The most expensive coffee in the world. This rare coffee is first digested by a small Indonesian animal, then harvested from it's droppings.

KOPI LUAK "Paradoxurus Hermaphroditus Philippinensis"

• generically sheep meat, are the meat of domestic sheep • A sheep in its first year is a and its meat is also . The meat from sheep in their second year is • Older sheep meat is

Lamb Hogget and Mutton

was a Chinese tea master and writer of The Classic of Tea, the first definitive work on cultivating, making anda drinking tea

Lù Yu; 733-804

The primary dish in a meal with accompaniments which might be vegetable, potato, rice or pasta.

Main Courses and Side Dishes

became so popular that a distinct Chinese tea culture emerged.

Matcha

refers to non-intoxication drinks or sweet carbonated drinks, which doesn't have any liquor percentage or in other words yeast is not introduced to convert sugar into alcohol during the fermentation process.

Non-Alcoholic Beverages

· are served any time of the day to guests. As these drinks doesn't contain any alcohol in it hence the same is not controlled by any government regulations · refers to non-intoxication drinks or sweet carbonated drinks, which doesn't have any liquor percentage or in other words yeast is not introduced to convert sugar into alcohol during the fermentation process.

Non-alcoholic beverages

partially fermenting the tea leaves then steaming them to capture the slightly smoky and subtly rich flavor

Oolong /Blue Tea

- are a category of plant compounds that offers various health benefits. - Regularly consuming ---- is thought to boost digestion and brain health, as well as protect against heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and even certain cancers.

Polyphenols

is often served as an appetizer before a larger meal, but can also be a side dish or a main course. • Popular garnishes are anchovies, bacon bits, croutons, artificial crab meat (surimi) and cherry tomatoes ​

Salad

these refers to mayonnaise or mayonnaise-based dressings. Many light edible oils are used including olive oil, corn oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, etc.

Salad dressings

· In culinary and fishery contexts, fish may include so-called ________ such as molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms; more expansively, seafood covers both fish and other marine life used as food...

Shellfish

· The God-Kiny of Chinese Medicine and Agriculture

Shennong

comes in different variety like chilled, hot, bottled, canned or open liquids. The bottles or cans drinks are hygienically packed, e.g. aerated waters, mineral water, juices, squashes, syrups, smoothies, shakes etc. to be consumed as and when required.

Soft drinks

PARTS OF AN ESPRESSO

Solution Suspendion Emulsion/Crema

• A liquid food made by combining ingredients such as meat and vegetables in stock or hot boiling water until the flavor is extracted forming a broth.

Soup

· Teas here are inclined to have a delicate, light lemon flavour. They are generally regarded as excellent afternoon teas and also lend themselves to being iced. · All teas are fermented (oxidized) during the process of manufacture, which gives them their black colour. The one exception is China green tea.

Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon)

• the menu has a fixed number of courses • there is a limited choice within each course • the selling price is fixed • the food is usually available at a set ume. ​

Tabke d'hote menu

is the first known book on tea in the world

The Classic of Tea or tea classic

is the meat of calves, in contrast to the beef from older cattle. can be produced from a calf of either sex and any breed • Generally, it is more expensive by weight than beef from older cattle. ​

Veal

In ___________ guests are seated by a host or hostess. Orders are taken by servers at the table, and food and beverages are brought to the table.

table service