FND 210 - Module 13 - Ear

audiogram

(graphic) record of hearing

HOH

hard of hearing

otosclerosis

hardening of the ear (stapes) (caused by irregular bone development and resulting in hearing loss)

audi/o

hearing

presbycusis

hearing impairment in old age

mastoidotomy

incision into the mastoid bone

myringotomy

incision into the tympanic membrane (performed to release pus or fluid and relieve pressure in the middle ear) (also called tympanocentesis)

otomastoiditis

inflammation of the ear and the mastoid bone

labyrinthitis

inflammation of the labyrinth

mastoiditis

inflammation of the mastoid bone

otitis media (OM)

inflammation of the middle ear

otitis externa

inflammation of the outer ear

myringitis

inflammation of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

labyrinth/o

inner ear

audiometer

instrument to measure hearing

otoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the ear

tympanometer

instrument used to measure middle ear (function)

labyrinth/o

labyrinth (inner ear)

mastoid/o

mastoid bone

audiometry

measurement of hearing

tympanometry

measurement of middle ear (function)

tympan/o

middle ear (usually)

combining form of eardrum

myring/o

audiologist

one who studies and specializes in hearing

OM

otitis media

functions of the ear

to hear and to provide the sense of balance.

myring/o

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

middle ear

tympanic membrane (eardrum): semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory meatus and the middle ear cavity and transmits sound vibrations to the ossicles eustachian tube: connects the middle ear and the pharynx ossicles: bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations

vestibul/o

vestibule

otoscopy

visual examination of the ear

meniere disease

chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by a sensation of spinning motion (vertigo), ringing in the ear (tinnitus), aural fullness, and fluctuating hearing loss; symptoms are related to a change in volume or composition of fluid within the labyrinth

cochle/o

cochlea

labyrinth (inner ear)

cochlea: snail-shaped and contains the organ of hearing; connects to the oval window in the middle ear semicircular canals and vestibule: contain receptors and endolymph that help the body maintain its sense of balance mastoid bone and cells: located in the skull bone behind the external auditory meatus

cholesteatoma

cystlike mass composed of epithelial cells and cholesterol occurring in the middle ear; may be associated with chronic otitis media

otorrhea

discharge from the ear (may be serous, bloody, consisting of pus, or containing cerebrospinal fluid)

otopyorrhea

discharge of pus from the ear

aur/i, ot/o

ear

myring/o

eardrum (tympanic membrane)

ENT

ears, nose, throat specialist (otorhinolaryngologist)

labyrinthectomy

excision of the labyrinth

mastoidectomy

excision of the mastoid bone

stapedectomy

excision of the stapes (performed to restore hearing in cases of otosclerosis; the stapes is replaced by a prosthesis)

vertigo

sense that either one's own body (subjective vertigo) or the environment (objective vertigo) is revolving; may indicate inner ear disease

external auditory canal

short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane. The inner part lies within the temporal bone of the skull and contains the glands that secrete earwax aka external auditory meatus

we hear sound waves because

sound waves vibrate through the ear, where they are transformed into nerve impulses that are then carried to the brain.

staped/o

stapes (middle ear bone)

audiology

study of hearing

otology

study of the ear (a branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the ear)

tympanoplasty

surgical repair (of the hearing mechanism) of the middle ear (including the tympanic membrane and the ossicles)

myringoplasty

surgical repair of the tympanic membrane

ear is made up of three parts

the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear, also called the labyrinth.

otomycosis

abnormal condition of fungus in the ear (usually affects the external auditory canal)

AOM

acute otitis media

external ear

auricle (pinna): located on both sides of the head external auditory meatus: short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane

acoustic neuroma

benign tumor within the internal auditory canal growing from the acoustic nerve (cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve) may cause hearing loss and may damage structure of the cerebellum as it grows

otalgia

pain in the ear

cochlear

pertaining to the cochlea

cochlear implant

pertaining to the cochlea implant (surgically inserted electronic device that converts sound into electrical impulses. The impulses stimulate the auditory nerve to carry the signal to the brain which learns to interpret the signal as sound. The damaged part of the ear is bypassed.

aural

pertaining to the ear

vestibular

pertaining to the vestibule

Vestibulocochlear

pertaining to the vestibule and the cochlea

otologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the ear

otolaryngologist (ENT)

physician who studies and treats diseases of the ear, nose, and larynx (throat)

mastoid bone

portion of the temporal bone of the skull posterior and inferior to each auditory canal. aka mastoid process

hearing impairment occurring with age is

presbycusis

Electrocochleography (ECoG)

process of recording the electrical activity in the cochlea (in response to sound)

tinnitus

ringing in the ears