FNU N407 Research Chapter 2 Quiz 1

Population

All the elements that meet certain criteria for inclusion in a study. A sample is a subset of the population that is selected for a particular study; the members of a sample are the subjects.

Nursing Process

Assessment (data collection, data interpretation), plan (setting goals, planning interventions), Implementation, Evaluation and modification.

What does the quantitative research process involve?

Conceptualizing a research project, planning and implementing that project, and communicating the findings.

What are the researcher control treatment, extraneous variables and research setting of quasi-experimental research?

Controlled treatment and extraneous variables; Partially controlled setting

What are the four types of quantitative research?

Descriptive, Correlational, quasi-experimental, and experimental

Karl Pearson

Developed statistical approaches for examining relationships between variable, which increased the conduct of correlational research.

What are the researcher control treatment, extraneous variables and research setting of experimental research?

Highly controlled treatment and extraneous variables; laboratory or research unit.

Precision-

It is another aspect of rigor, which encompasses accuracy, detail and order

Research process

Knowledge of nursing world (clinical experiences, literature review), problem and problem identification, methodology (design, sample, measurement methods, data collection, data analysis), implementation, outcomes, communication and synthesis of study findings, to promote evidence-based nursing practice.

What are the three common settings for conducting research?

Natural, partially controlled, and highly controlled.

What are the researcher control treatment, extraneous variables and research setting of correlational research?

No treatment; Natural or partially controlled setting

What are the researcher control treatment, extraneous variables and research setting of descriptive research?

No treatment; natural or partially controlled setting

Sir Ronald Fischer (1935)

Originated the classic experimental designs to test the effectiveness of treatments. Noted for adding structure to the steps of the quantitative research process with such ideas as the hypothesis, research design, and statistical analysis. Provided the groundwork for what is now known as experimental research.

Conceptual Definition-

Provides a variable or concept with theoretical meaning and it either comes from a theorist definition of the concepts in the study framework to the study framework to the study variables

What are the typical features of an experiment?

Randomizing subjects into groups, collecting data, and conducting statistical analysis.

What are some tips for reading research reports?

Read the abstract first then the discussion section. When reading a report first skim, then read for comprehension, and finally read for analysis.

Literature Review-

Researchers conduct it to generate a pictures of what is known and not known from a particular problem and to document why a study needs to be conducted

Operational Definition-

Researches develop it so the variable can be measured or manipulated in a study

Why are the research objectives, questions, or hypotheses formulated?

To bridge the gap between the more abstractly stated research problem and purpose and the study design and plan for data collection and analysis.

What is the purpose of basic research?

To generate and refine theory; thus, the findings frequently are not directly useful in practice.

Research design

a blueprint for conducting a study that maximizes control over factors that could interfere with the study's desired outcomes.

Applied or practical research

a scientific investigation conducted to generate knowledge that will directly influence or improve clinical practice

Partially Controlled Setting-

an environment that the researcher has manipulated or modified in a way

Variables

are concepts at various levels of abstractions that are measured or manipulated , or controlled in a study

Limitations-

are restrictions in a study that may decrease the credibility and generalizability of the findings

Methodological Limitations-

can limit the credibility of the findings and restrict the population to which findings can be generalized.

Theory-

consists of an integrated set of defined concepts and relational statements that present a view of a phenomena and can be used to describe, explain, predict, or control the phenomena

Sampling -

defines the process of selecting a group of people events, behaviors, or other elements with which to conduct a study

Experimental Variables-

exist in all studies and can interfere with obtaining a clear understanding of the relationships among the study variables

How can you overcome some barriers and understand research literature?

identify sources that publish research reports, describe the content of a research report, utilize tips for reading research literature.

Research outcomes

include the conclusions or findings, generalization of findings, implications for nursing, and suggestions for further research.

Quantitative research process-

involves conceptualizing a research, project, planning, and implementing that project and community findings

Interpretation of research outcomes -

involves examining the results from data analysis, exploring the significance of the findings, forming conclusion, generalizing the findings, considering the implication for nursing, and suggesting further studies

Skimming a researcher report-

involves quickly reviewing the source to gain a broad overview of the content

Control-

involves the imposing of rules by the researcher to decrease the possibility of error, thereby increasing the probability that the study's findings are an accurate reflection of reality

Correlational research-

involves the systematic investigation of relationships between or among variables

Research Design-

is a blue print for the conduct of a study that maximizes control over factors that could interfere with the study's outcome.

Quantitative research-

is a formal, objective, rigorous, systematic process for generating numerical information about the world

Pilot Study -

is a smaller version of a proposed study, and researchers frequently conduct these to refine the methodology

Sample-

is a subset of the population that is selected for a particular study and the members of a sample are the subjects or participants

Nursing Process-

is a subset of the problem-solving process

Population-

is all elements (individuals objects or substances) that meet certain criteria for inclusion in a study

Research Problem-

is an area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing process. The research purpose is generated from the problem and identifies the specific goal or aim of the study.

Highly Controlled Setting-

is an artificially constructed environmental developed for the units in hospitals or other healthcare agencies are highly controlled settings in which experimental studies often are conducted.

Natural (field) Setting-

is an uncontrolled, real-life situation or environment.

Framework- .

is the abstract, theoretical basis for a study that enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing's body of knowledge

Descriptive research-

is the exploration and description of phenomena in real-life situations

Generalization-

is the extension of the implications of the research findings from the sample studied to a larger population.

Data Collections-

is the precise, systematic gathering of information relevant to the research purpose or the specific objectives, questions, or hypothesis of a study

Measurement-

is the process of assigning "numbers to objects in accord with some rule"

Measurement

is the process of assigning numerical values to objects, events, or situations in accord with some rule. Methods of measurement are identified to measure each of the variables in a study.

Rigor-

is the striving for excellence in research and it requires, discipline, adherence to detail, and strict accuracy

Study framework

is the theoretical basis for a study that guides the development of the study and enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing's body of knowledge.

Quasi-experimental research-

its purpose is to examine causal relationships or determine the effect of one variable on another

Research Process-

more complex than the nursing process. It requires an understanding of a unique language and involves the rigorous application of a variety of research methods

Data Analysis-

reduces, organizes and gives meaning to the data

Reading a research report-

requires the use of a variety of critical thinking skills. Such as skimming, comprehending and analyzing to facilitate an understanding of the study

Theoretical limitations-

restricts the abstract generalization of the findings and are reflected in the study framework and the conceptual and operational definitions of the variables

Research Report-

summarizes the major elements of a study and identifies the contributions of that study to nursing knowledge

Setting-

the location in which a study is conducted

Why is the review of relevant literature conducted?

to generate a picture of what is known and unknown about a particular topic and provides a rational for why the study needs to be conducted.

Problem-solving process

Data collection, problem definition, plan (setting goals, identifying solutions), implementation, evaluation and revision.

Assumptions

are statements that are taken for granted or are considered true even though they have not been scientifically tested.

Basic research (pure research)

scientific investigation that involves the pursuit of "knowledge for knowledge's sake" or the pleasure of learning and finding truth.

What are the six parts of a research report?

Abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references.

Campbell and Stanley (1963)

Developed quasi-experimental approaches to study the effects of treatments under less controlled conditions.

What does conducting quantitative research require?

Rigor and control