FON 241 final

Strategies to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in people who drink include limiting daily alcohol intake to

1 drink for women & 2 for men

By what age do most people first have well-developed arterial plaque?

30

The ballooning out of an artery wall at a point where it has been weakened by deterioration is called a(an)

Aneurysm

The neural tube forms the early parts of the

Brain & spinal cord

Edema in a pregnant woman who does not have high blood pressure or protein in the urine is

Expected and normal

Which of the following nutrients are required in higher amounts during pregnancy due to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells?

Folate and vitamin B12

Goals of the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program include the provision of all of the following EXCEPT

High-cost nutritious meals

Which of the following is not among the recommendations issued by health professionals to reduce cancer risks?

Increase intake of foods high in iron Comments

Which of the following is a common product of anaerobic metabolism?

Lactic acid

In comparison with cow's milk, breast milk contains

Less protein and calcium

Which of the following is a feature of potassium?

Liberal intake may correct HTN

The most important organs of the immune system include all of the following except

Muscle

Which of the following enables much of the world's population to maintain adequate vitamin D status?

Outdoor exposure of the skin to the sunlight

Which of the following blood pressure readings first signifies a diagnosis of hypertension?

140 over 90

What is macrosomia?

A high-birthweight infant

What is the Cori cycle?

A process in the liver that regenerates glucose from lactic acid released by muscles.

Which of the following is a characteristic of HIV or AIDS?

AIDS develops from HIV infection Comments

Which of the following is a characteristic of alcohol and lactation?

Alcohol easily enters the breast milk.

The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)

Antioxidant

Which of the following is a general function of vitamin C?

Antioxidant agent

Which of the following describes the basic function of a coenzyme?

Attaches to an enzyme and allows a chemical reaction to take place

Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?

Beta-carotene

Which of the following compounds that serve as coenzymes in metabolism, which is considered a vitamin for human

Biotin

What is the best predictor for risk of a stroke?

Blood pressure

Which of the following are good sources of dietary calcium?

Certain green vegetables

Gangrene is a common complication in primarily people with

Diabetes

A person with dysphagia has Answer

Difficulty in swallowing

Which of the following foods is most often the cause of allergies?

Eggs,peanuts, milk

What is the name given to the human organism two to eight weeks after fertilization and the stage at which the digestive system is formed?

Embryo

What organ is affected by macular degeneration?

Eyes

Which of the following dietary components is thought to be protective against certain types of cancer?

Fiber

Goat's milk is inappropriate for infants due to its low content of

Folate

Which of the following food groups is a rich source of vitamin C?

Fruit group

When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as "hitting the wall," what nutrient is most likely depleted?

Glucose

Which of the following is not considered a diet-related risk factor for coronary heart disease?

High sugar intake

To maintain physical fitness during pregnancy, all of the following activities are considered acceptable except

Saunas

Studies of adults show that longevity is related, in part, to all of the following EXCEPT

Short periods of sleep

In what system would the effects of vitamin D deficiency be most readily observed?

Skeletal

Which of the following is a type of neural tube defect?

Spina bifida

How does aspirin reduce inflammation and pain?

It interferes with the synthesis of prostaglandins

Which of the following is an advantage of breastfeeding compared with formula feeding?

It provides immunological protection.

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

K

What organ is the chief regulator of the body's acid-base balance?

Kidneys

What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids?

Kidneys

Which of the following is generally not associated with a regular program of physical fitness?

Lowering of bone density

What term defines the condition of infant tooth deterioration resulting from chronic exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle?

Nursing bottle tooth decay

Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics in the development of atherosclerosis?

Once plaque is formed, it can be contained but cannot regress

Which of the following is a feature of water metabolism during exercise?

Sweat losses can exceed the capacity of the GI tract to absorb water resulting in some degree of dehydration.

What is the term given to mounds of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that develop in the artery

Plaques

Tiny, disc-shaped bodies in the blood that are important in clot formation are called

Platelets

You are presenting a talk on the benefits of breastfeeding to a group of new mothers with a Peace Corps group in Zimbabwe. There have been numerous cases of infant diarrhea within this population over the past several years. Why is breastfeeding especially important under these circumstances?

The lactadherin protein present in breast milk attacks diarrhea-causing viruses

Which of the following is a characteristic of oxygenated water use in athletes?

The oxygen in the water is without benefit.

Which of the following is a recent finding of vitamin D nutrition in the elderly?

The skin's capacity to synthesize the vitamin is reduced.

What is the reason that vitamin E deficiencies are rarely observed in human beings?

The vitamin is widespread in foods

In which of the following individuals would vitamin A toxicity be most likely to occur?

Those taking vitamin A supplements

Which of the following would be the most effective substitute for fresh milk for the elderly person living alone?

UHT milk

Why are vegans at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency?

Vegan diets provide insufficient amounts of the vitamin.

Studies report that folate supplements for women may lower the incidence of neural tube defects of infants when the vitamin is taken during the

month before conception through the first trimester of pregnancy.

Athletes can safely add muscle tissue by

putting a demand on muscles by making them work harder.

The amount of vitamin D recommended in pregnancy can be obtained by consumption of fortified milk and

Exposure to the sun

On a per-kcalorie basis, which of the following foods is richest in vitamin B6?

Fruits

What is another term for hypertension?

High blood pressure

What type of meal and time of its ingestion promote the most rapid replenishment of glycogen stores after physical activity?

High-carbohydrate meal taken within 15 minutes

When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body treat the excess?

It is excreted primarily in the urine.

Which of the following risk factors for disease may be modified by diet?

Low HDL level

What is thought to be the most important nutrition concern for people with Alzheimer's disease?

Maintenance of appropriate body weight

When taken in large doses, which of the following vitamins is associated with liver injury and peptic ulcers?

Niacin

Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following vitamins?

Riboflavin

The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin

Riboflavin

To lower the risk of obesity in children, which of the following practices should parents institute for their children?

Teach them to take appropriate food portions

Which of the following describes the actions of a carcinogen?

Cancer-initiating substance

According to several recognized health organizations, about how many grams of protein per day are recommended for a male, 70 kg strength athlete?

112

What type of exercise is considered best to strengthen the heart and blood vessels?

Aerobic exercise

What is the term given to the child who is hyperactive with severe and impulsive behavior?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

As far as is known, vitamin A does not play an important role in which of the following processes?

Blood clotting

In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?

Blood clotting

Diabetes is known to lead to all of the following except

increased resistance to infections.

Which of the following describes the nutrient needs of older people?

They vary according to individual histories

Which of the following food groups ordinarily contains the highest amount of vitamins when expressed per kcalorie?

Vegetables

Which of the following vitamins is known to deactivate histamine, a substance that causes nasal congestion?

Vitamin C

What nutrients appear to be protective of cataract formation?

Vitamin C and vitamin E

Anyone who is medically advised to lower blood cholesterol should

achieve desirable body weight.

What pituitary hormone regulates kidney retention of water?

Antidiuretic hormone

The most common tests to diagnose iron deficiency include all of the following measures except

DNA content of red blood cells

What is the recommended composition of the post-game meal of the athlete?

High-carbohydrate

The appearance of euphoria in a person engaged in outdoor sports activities may be an early sign of

Hypothermia

What blood cholesterol carrier is of greatest concern in atherosclerosis?

LDL

Hyponatremia refers to low blood levels of

Sodium

What is meant by the bioavailablity of a vitamin in food?

The amount absorded and subsequently used by the body

Which of the following is NOT among the features of herbs sold to the public?

They are considered appropriate for treatment of certain major health disorders such as cancer or AIDS