FON 241 final
Strategies to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in people who drink include limiting daily alcohol intake to
1 drink for women & 2 for men
By what age do most people first have well-developed arterial plaque?
30
The ballooning out of an artery wall at a point where it has been weakened by deterioration is called a(an)
Aneurysm
The neural tube forms the early parts of the
Brain & spinal cord
Edema in a pregnant woman who does not have high blood pressure or protein in the urine is
Expected and normal
Which of the following nutrients are required in higher amounts during pregnancy due to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells?
Folate and vitamin B12
Goals of the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program include the provision of all of the following EXCEPT
High-cost nutritious meals
Which of the following is not among the recommendations issued by health professionals to reduce cancer risks?
Increase intake of foods high in iron Comments
Which of the following is a common product of anaerobic metabolism?
Lactic acid
In comparison with cow's milk, breast milk contains
Less protein and calcium
Which of the following is a feature of potassium?
Liberal intake may correct HTN
The most important organs of the immune system include all of the following except
Muscle
Which of the following enables much of the world's population to maintain adequate vitamin D status?
Outdoor exposure of the skin to the sunlight
Which of the following blood pressure readings first signifies a diagnosis of hypertension?
140 over 90
What is macrosomia?
A high-birthweight infant
What is the Cori cycle?
A process in the liver that regenerates glucose from lactic acid released by muscles.
Which of the following is a characteristic of HIV or AIDS?
AIDS develops from HIV infection Comments
Which of the following is a characteristic of alcohol and lactation?
Alcohol easily enters the breast milk.
The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)
Antioxidant
Which of the following is a general function of vitamin C?
Antioxidant agent
Which of the following describes the basic function of a coenzyme?
Attaches to an enzyme and allows a chemical reaction to take place
Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?
Beta-carotene
Which of the following compounds that serve as coenzymes in metabolism, which is considered a vitamin for human
Biotin
What is the best predictor for risk of a stroke?
Blood pressure
Which of the following are good sources of dietary calcium?
Certain green vegetables
Gangrene is a common complication in primarily people with
Diabetes
A person with dysphagia has Answer
Difficulty in swallowing
Which of the following foods is most often the cause of allergies?
Eggs,peanuts, milk
What is the name given to the human organism two to eight weeks after fertilization and the stage at which the digestive system is formed?
Embryo
What organ is affected by macular degeneration?
Eyes
Which of the following dietary components is thought to be protective against certain types of cancer?
Fiber
Goat's milk is inappropriate for infants due to its low content of
Folate
Which of the following food groups is a rich source of vitamin C?
Fruit group
When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as "hitting the wall," what nutrient is most likely depleted?
Glucose
Which of the following is not considered a diet-related risk factor for coronary heart disease?
High sugar intake
To maintain physical fitness during pregnancy, all of the following activities are considered acceptable except
Saunas
Studies of adults show that longevity is related, in part, to all of the following EXCEPT
Short periods of sleep
In what system would the effects of vitamin D deficiency be most readily observed?
Skeletal
Which of the following is a type of neural tube defect?
Spina bifida
How does aspirin reduce inflammation and pain?
It interferes with the synthesis of prostaglandins
Which of the following is an advantage of breastfeeding compared with formula feeding?
It provides immunological protection.
Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?
K
What organ is the chief regulator of the body's acid-base balance?
Kidneys
What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids?
Kidneys
Which of the following is generally not associated with a regular program of physical fitness?
Lowering of bone density
What term defines the condition of infant tooth deterioration resulting from chronic exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle?
Nursing bottle tooth decay
Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics in the development of atherosclerosis?
Once plaque is formed, it can be contained but cannot regress
Which of the following is a feature of water metabolism during exercise?
Sweat losses can exceed the capacity of the GI tract to absorb water resulting in some degree of dehydration.
What is the term given to mounds of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that develop in the artery
Plaques
Tiny, disc-shaped bodies in the blood that are important in clot formation are called
Platelets
You are presenting a talk on the benefits of breastfeeding to a group of new mothers with a Peace Corps group in Zimbabwe. There have been numerous cases of infant diarrhea within this population over the past several years. Why is breastfeeding especially important under these circumstances?
The lactadherin protein present in breast milk attacks diarrhea-causing viruses
Which of the following is a characteristic of oxygenated water use in athletes?
The oxygen in the water is without benefit.
Which of the following is a recent finding of vitamin D nutrition in the elderly?
The skin's capacity to synthesize the vitamin is reduced.
What is the reason that vitamin E deficiencies are rarely observed in human beings?
The vitamin is widespread in foods
In which of the following individuals would vitamin A toxicity be most likely to occur?
Those taking vitamin A supplements
Which of the following would be the most effective substitute for fresh milk for the elderly person living alone?
UHT milk
Why are vegans at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency?
Vegan diets provide insufficient amounts of the vitamin.
Studies report that folate supplements for women may lower the incidence of neural tube defects of infants when the vitamin is taken during the
month before conception through the first trimester of pregnancy.
Athletes can safely add muscle tissue by
putting a demand on muscles by making them work harder.
The amount of vitamin D recommended in pregnancy can be obtained by consumption of fortified milk and
Exposure to the sun
On a per-kcalorie basis, which of the following foods is richest in vitamin B6?
Fruits
What is another term for hypertension?
High blood pressure
What type of meal and time of its ingestion promote the most rapid replenishment of glycogen stores after physical activity?
High-carbohydrate meal taken within 15 minutes
When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body treat the excess?
It is excreted primarily in the urine.
Which of the following risk factors for disease may be modified by diet?
Low HDL level
What is thought to be the most important nutrition concern for people with Alzheimer's disease?
Maintenance of appropriate body weight
When taken in large doses, which of the following vitamins is associated with liver injury and peptic ulcers?
Niacin
Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following vitamins?
Riboflavin
The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin
Riboflavin
To lower the risk of obesity in children, which of the following practices should parents institute for their children?
Teach them to take appropriate food portions
Which of the following describes the actions of a carcinogen?
Cancer-initiating substance
According to several recognized health organizations, about how many grams of protein per day are recommended for a male, 70 kg strength athlete?
112
What type of exercise is considered best to strengthen the heart and blood vessels?
Aerobic exercise
What is the term given to the child who is hyperactive with severe and impulsive behavior?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
As far as is known, vitamin A does not play an important role in which of the following processes?
Blood clotting
In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?
Blood clotting
Diabetes is known to lead to all of the following except
increased resistance to infections.
Which of the following describes the nutrient needs of older people?
They vary according to individual histories
Which of the following food groups ordinarily contains the highest amount of vitamins when expressed per kcalorie?
Vegetables
Which of the following vitamins is known to deactivate histamine, a substance that causes nasal congestion?
Vitamin C
What nutrients appear to be protective of cataract formation?
Vitamin C and vitamin E
Anyone who is medically advised to lower blood cholesterol should
achieve desirable body weight.
What pituitary hormone regulates kidney retention of water?
Antidiuretic hormone
The most common tests to diagnose iron deficiency include all of the following measures except
DNA content of red blood cells
What is the recommended composition of the post-game meal of the athlete?
High-carbohydrate
The appearance of euphoria in a person engaged in outdoor sports activities may be an early sign of
Hypothermia
What blood cholesterol carrier is of greatest concern in atherosclerosis?
LDL
Hyponatremia refers to low blood levels of
Sodium
What is meant by the bioavailablity of a vitamin in food?
The amount absorded and subsequently used by the body
Which of the following is NOT among the features of herbs sold to the public?
They are considered appropriate for treatment of certain major health disorders such as cancer or AIDS