FON Intake & Output
Methods for restricting intake
- Keep fluids out of pts view - use small containers to serve pt (not big) - Avoid food that increase thirst
Why is water so important
- Provides an environment that promotes vital cellular chemical reactions -Gives structure and form to body tissue - Helps to maintain a stable body temperature
Reasons why a pt is on fluid restriction
- renal issues - congestive heart failure - low sodium labs -psych
The nurse is caring for a client who had an endoscopic procedure yesterday to stop upper gastrointestinal bleeding and who started a clear liquid diet today. Which of the following foods would be appropriate to offer to this client? Select all that apply.
-Apple juice - Chicken broth -Unsweetened tea -Black coffee
Body fluid supplied and replenished from 3 sources
-Drinking liquids -Consuming food -Metabolizing nutrients
Two subdivisions of Extracellular compartment
-Interstitial fluid - Intravascular
What are some examples of foods high in sodium
-Processed meats -Smoked fish -Peanut butter -Heard cheeses -canned vessies -pickles -tomato
Fluid output is the sum of liquid eliminated from the body including
-Urine -Emesis (vomit) -Blood loss -Diarrhea -Wound or tube drainage
3 tsp equals how many TBSP
1 TBSP
How do you measure ice as an intake
1/2 of total amount
Normal level of sodium
136-145
1 TBSP equals how many cc
15cc
Fluid in take ranges from
1800-3000
1 ml is equal to how many cc
1cc
Normal level for potassium
3.5-5.0
1oz is equal to how many mL
30mL
Total percentage of body fluid in the elderly
45%
If someone is ordered a tube feeding at 60ml/hr, how many ml's will they receive in an 8hr period
480
Total percentage of body fluid in an adult female
50%
1 tsp equals how many ml
5ml
Total percentage of body fluid in an adult male
60%
Water is what pH
7 neutral
Blood pH range is
7.34-7.45
Total percentage of body fluid in an infant
77%
How can you encourage fluids
All the above
Signs of hypovolemia
All the above
Fluid collection in the abnormal cavity
Anasarca
Negative charge
Anion
Generalized swelling throughout the body
Ascites
Positive charge
Cation
Made of water and other uniformly dissolved crystals such as salt and sugar
Crystalloid
A fluid deficit in both extracellular and intracellular compartments
Dehydration*
Sweating
Diaphoresis
mEq milliequivalent measures what
Electrolytes
When emptying a catheter to measure urinary output, the nurse would always:
Empty the bag into a graduated cylinder to measure the urine accurately
Fluid that is outside of the cell
Extracellular compartment (EFC)
Define intracellular fluid
Fluid that is inside the cells
Which term best describes the term ascites
Generalized swelling throughout the body
Natremia
High NA in blood
To much potassium in the body
Hyperkalemia
Higher- than normal volume of water in the intravascular fluid compartment
Hypervolemia
To little potassium in the body
Hypokalemia
Lower volume of extracellular fluid if not treated can result in dehydration
Hypovolemia
Who is greatest risk for disturbances
Infant
Who is at highest rick of fluid imbalance
Infants
Losses from the skin in areas other than where sweat glands are located and from the vapor in exhaled air
Insensible losses
Fluid that is inside the cells
Intracellular compartment (IFC)
What is included when measuring fluid intake
Jello, popsicle, cream of wheat, IV of D5W
little urine
Oliguria
Helps regulate the distribution of water by moving water through a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis
excessive urination
Polyuria
K
Potassium
- Recently underwent surgery - Receiving IV fluids - Receiving tube feedings
Reasons for pt to be on strict I&O
NA
Sodium
-Hypotension - Elevated temp - Weak - Oliguria - Weight loss
Symptoms of hypovolemia
The movement of intravascular fluid to non vascular compartments, where it becomes trapped and useless
Third- spacing
Normal pullness or elastic of the skin
Turgor
Define insensible loss
Unnoticeable and unmeasurable, breathing
What all is included when measuring output
all the above
Everyone is on a
basic I &O
What is the best way to get a pt hydro
increase oral intake
Jello and ice cream are considered
liquid
Fluid volume is recorded in what
mL
