Food and Agriculture AP Human Geography

Mediterranean agriculture products-

The two most important cash crops are olives and grapes.

Principal grain consumed in North America-

Wheat

Commercial gardening in southeastern United States

Has a long growing season and humid climate, and is accessible to the large number of consumers in the northeast United States

What does the Von Thunen Model show

shows that a commercial farmer must combine two sets of monetary values to determine the most profitable crop: i. the value of the year per hectare ii. the cost of transporting the yield per hectare

What type of farmers are in developing countries?

subsistence farmers

Most important crops in the US mixed crop and livestock region-

Corn (maize) and soybeans

Major practices of sustainable agriculture-

Organic farming, including non-GMO food

29. Transhumance

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

Agribusiness

commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations

Greatest challenge to good supply in 21st century

food prices

What percentage of the world does not have food security

10 percent

Why do farmers in northeast China grow crops other than wet rice?

Climate encourages them too and they use a method of crop rotation.

Main goal of subsistence agriculture vs. commercial agriculture

Commercial agriculture is the production of food primarily for sale off the farm. Subsistence agriculture is the production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer's family.

truck farming

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.

Organic farming principles-

Crops are grown without application of herbicides and pesticides to control weeds, GMOS seeds not used, animals consume crops grown on the farm and are not confined to small pens, and antibiotics administered to animals only for therapeutic purposes

How do farmers in South China increase crop yields?

Farmers practice double cropping.

What do commercial farmers use the GPS for

Global Positioning System to determine the precise coordinates for planting seeds and for spreading different types and amounts of fertilizers.

% of workers in agriculture in developed vs. developing countries

In developed countries, around 3 percent of workers are engaged directly in farming, compared to around 42 percent in developing countries.

Common problems seen by farmers in both developed and underdeveloped countries

Include losing agricultural land to competing uses, improving the productivity of existing farmland, conserving scarce resource such as water and top soil, identifying the appropriate role in agriculture for biotechnology, balancing production of food for international trade rather than for consumption at home, meeting the needs of people who are undernourished, and making greater use of organic farming.

Top milk producing of the world

India

Strategies for increasing food supplies-

Intensification of production i. Achieved by new farming methods or leaving land fallow for shorter periods. Green Revolution i. The introduction of new higher-yield seeds and the expanded use of fertilizers

Characteristics of intensive subsistence agriculture

Intensive subsistence agriculture feeds ¾ of the world's people in least developed countries. Most of the work is done by hand rather than machines.

Traditional labor-intensive agriculture

Most of the work is done by hand or with animals rather than with machines. In part due to abundant labor but largely from lack of funds to buy equipment. a. Double cropping

Ranching's climate region is most similar to what other type of agriculture-

Pastoral Nomadism

What does mixing crops and livestock allow farmers?-

Permits farmers to distribute the workload more evenly through the year.

Why does plantation farming differ from other forms of commercial agriculture?

Plantation farming has declined since the abolition of slavery and the defeat of the South in the Civil War. a. They grow crops for sale primarily to developed countries.

Commercial gardening region

Predominant in southeastern United States

Characteristics of shifting cultivation

Shifting cultivation is common in areas with high temperature and high rainfall. Uses slash and burn technique to clear vegetation and waste. Methods are very traditional and labor intensive.

Agricultural regions of the world

Shifting cultivation, pastoral nomadism, intensive subsistence (wet rice dominant), intensive subsistence (other dominant), plantation farming, mixed farming, dairy farming, grain farming, livestock ranching, Mediterranean farming, and commercial farming.

Why does farming vary around the world?-

Some countries are more developed than others.

Crop rotation

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting soil

Winter wheat area of US characteristics

Through Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma, where planting is in the autumn and harvesting in the early summer

What do commercial farmers use the satellite imagery for

To measure crop progress and yield monitors attached to combines to determine the precise number of bushels being harvested

Aides for commercial farmers in most developed countries

Tractors, combines, corn pickers, planters, and other factory made farm machines to increase productivity.

What is commercial gardening known as

Truck farming from the Middle English word truck, meaning "barter" or "exchange of commodities"

Hunting and gathering

a. Before the invention of agriculture b. Lived in small groups of usually fewer than 50 persons because a larger number would quickly exhaust the available resources within walking distance. c. The men hunted game or fished and the women collected berries, nuts, and roots.

Issues with Asian carp-

a. Flooding allowed the carp to escape the farm and enter U.S. waterways. b. Once in the waterways, the extremely aggressive Asian carp compete successfully with native fish for food and habitat threatening the sustainability of native species. i. They have even attacked small boats c. Threaten to enter the Great Lakes

What type of farmers are in developed countries?

commercial farmers

Von Thunel Model

explains the importance of proximity to market in the choice of crops on commercial farms

Food Security is defined as

physical, social, and economic access at all items to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

Common subsistence agriculture

practiced in much of the world's tropical or climate regions, which have relatively high temperatures and abundant rainfall.

Common regions of subsistence agriculture-

rain forests of Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia