Food-borne and Water-borne Diseases

What are the s/s of Listeria Monocytogenes ?

-Fever -Stiff neck -confusion -weakness -vomiting (maybe diarrhea)

What is Campylobacter Jejuni?

Bacteria Live in the intestines of healthy birds, and most raw poultry meat has Campylobacter on it

What is Clostridium Botulinum?

Bacteria - reproduces under anaerobic conditions; paralytic toxin

S/s Campylobacter Jejuni?

Diarrhea may be bloody Disease is self-limiting (cramps, fever, vomiting)

Food Awareness Summary

Discard old food Cook foods thoroughly Keep perishable items refrigerated Proper washing of food, utensils, and hands Look for signs of contamination

How do you get Salmonella?

Eating food derived from an infected animal or person

Most common helminthic infection in US?

Enterobiasis or Pinworm

Sources of Salmonella?

Food: contaminated eggs, poultry, raw milk or juice, cheese, contaminated raw fruits and vegetables (sprouts, tomatos, melons, spices), nuts

Where is Giardia Lamblia found?

Found in H2O and infected food

Waterborne Diseases

Hepatitis A Cholera Typhoid fever Bacillary dysentery Giardia Lamblia

2 examples of Vector born diseases?

Lyme disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Pinworm Treatment?

Vermicides

How is Salmonella characterized?

by sudden H/A, abd. pain, D/N/V, fever

Food Intoxication is obvious w/in?

minutes to hours after ingestion

Salmonella Onset?

w/in 48 hours

Where is Clostridium Botulinum found?

-Canned goods (that are not properly sealed) -Honey (FYI guys this usually only affect infants- that's why you don't give babies honey) -Soil West of the Mississippi

Sources of E. Coli?

-Contaminated food, especially undercooked ground beef, raw milk and juice, vegetable such as sprouts. -Drinking untreated contaminated water or swimming in it -Feces of infected ppl -Animals in their environment- (cows, goat, sheep) wash your hands!

E.coli Symptoms?

-Severe diarrhea (bloody) -Severe abdominal pain -Vomiting -Typically no fever

Symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome?

-decreased urine production -dark of tea colored urine -facial pallor

Sources of Listeria?

-ready to eat deli meats (cold cuts) and hot dogs -refrigerated pates and meat spreads -Raw milk and dairy -Soft cheese made from raw milk -Raw sprouts -Refrigerated smoked seafood

Who do severe cases tend to occur in?

1) very old 2) very young 3) those who have an illness already that reduces their immune system function 4) in healthy people exposed to a very high dose of an organism.

Ten Golden Rules for Safe Food Preparation

1. Choose food processed for safety 2. Cook food thoroughly 3. Eat cooked food immediately 4. Store cooked food carefully 5. Reheat cooked foods thoroughly 6. Avoid contact b/w raw & cooked foods 7. Wash hands repeatedly 8. Keep all kitchen surfaces clean 9. Protect food from insects, rodents, animals 10. Use pure H2O

Food Infections are associated with incubation periods of?

12 hours to several days after ingestion of infected food

Clostridium Botulinum Incubation Period

12-36 hours; sometimes days

Hospitalizations related to food borne diseases each year.

325,000

Deaths related to food borne diseases each year.

5,000

Who does Listeria mainly affect?

Affects mainly prego women, newborns and elderly

What is Salmonella?

Bacteria is widespread in the intestines of birds, reptiles and mammals

What is Listeria Monocytogenes?

Bacteria that grows in food even when refrigerated; also grows on walls of refrigerator thus, potentially infecting other foods

What is E. Coli?

Bacteria that has a reservoir in cattle and other similar animals.

What is Shigella?

Bacterial infection of GI tract

Clinical Presentations of Clostridium Botulinum?

CNS signs; blurred vision, descending symmetrical paralysis of alert person, 'floppy baby'

Clostridium Botulinum Clinical Presentation

CNS signs; blurred vision, descending symmetrical paralysis of alert person, 'floppy baby'

Most frequent bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in US

Campylobacter Jejuni

Shigella s/s?

Cause digestive disturbances from mild diarrhea to severe and fatal dysentery S/sx: fever, bloody diarrhea, abd. Cramps

Who is at highest risk for E. Coli disease and complications?

Children & older adults

Treating Giardia Lamblia?

Chlorine in treating domestic H2O fails to kill the cysts, but boiling H2O inactivates them

How do you get E. Coli?

Consumption of food or water that has been contaminated with microscopic amounts of feces.

Sources of Shigella

Contaminated food or water, or contact with an infected person. Foods: salads and sandwiches that involve a lot of hand contact in prep, raw veggies in field, toilets

S/S of Salmonella?

Diarrhea & lack of appetite may persist for days

Soft cheese made from raw milk?

Feta, Brie, Camembert

Contributing Factors of Foodborne Illness

Improper holding temperatures Inadequate cooking Contaminated equipment Unsafe source Poor personal hygiene Cross contamination

What part of the body does Giardia Lamblia inhabit?

Inhabit small intestines

Health Hazards of Food

Inherently harmful foods such as mushrooms, certain seafood, certain berries, household plants, i.e., holly, poinsettia, spider plant

Parasitic Diseases

Intestinal parasitic infections - ex) pinworm Tropical diseases

What bad are S/S of Listeria Monocytogenes ?

Mild s/sx to severe systemic disease in immunocompromised and pregnant women - may lead to spontaneous abortion

Where do Salmonella outbreaks occur?

Outbreaks occur in restaurants, hospitals

Enterobiasis common name?

Pinworm

What is Giardia Lamblia?

Protozoan parasite

How do you DX Enterobiasis or Pinworm?

Put tape to perianal area early in AM

Example of a Zoonosis disease?

Rabies (hydrophobia)

What do Enterobiasis or Pinworm look like?

Resemble small pieces of white thread and can be seen with naked eye

Sources of Foodborne Illness

Restaurants Grocery store deli Potluck suppers Summer camps Food processors Farms

Clostridium Botulinum Duration?

Slow recovery; maybe months

Unintentional (Incidental) Food Additives

Substances that enter and remain in food as a result of pesticides, mercury, lead, heavy metals, hormones, and other contaminants

Why use of the epidemiological triangle when looking at Foodborne & Water Diseases?

To prevent possible events/activities that contribute to food/waterborne illnesses Identify source and mode

How do you get shigella?

Transmitted from person to person by oral-fecal route Can be contracted from food or H2O contaminated by sewage Can be introduced by the unwashed hands of food handlers who are themselves infected

How to reduce ingestion of Unintentional (Incidental) Food Additives

Wash food - scrub it if necessary, do not use soap Throw away outer leaves of leafy vegetables Peel and cook Trim fat/skin from meat - residues concentrate in animal fat

Zoonosis

an infection transmitted from a vertebrate animal to a human under natural conditions

Water pathogens usually enter H2O supplies through?

animal or human fecal contamination

Food Infections result from?

bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection Salmonella, Hepatitis A, Trichinosis

The most commonly recognized food borne infections are those caused by

by the bacteria Campylobacter, Salmonella, and E. coli in addition to: Clostridium Botulinum Shigella Listeria -All are cause by under cooked food, mushrooms, in sea food or berries

E. Coli produces strong cytotoxin that can?

can cause fatal hemorrhagic colitis, abdominal cramps, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (temporary anemia, profuse bleeding, & acute kidney failur

Enterobiasis or Pinworm most commonly seen in what group of people ?

children in crowded places or daycares, school

Parasitic Diseases More prevalent in?

developing countries than in U.S. because of tropical climate and inadequate prevention and control methods

Campylobacter Jejuni treatment

fluids, electrolyte replacement, & antibiotics

Vector-borne Diseases

refers to illnesses for which the infectious agent is transmitted by a carrier (vector

Shigella Prevention?

requires frequent hand washing after toileting

Pregnant women, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems should avoid?

soft French style cheeses, pates, uncooked hot dogs and sliced deli meats, which have been sources of Listeria infections.

Food Intoxication result from?

toxins produced by bacterial growth, chemical contamination (heavy metals), and disease-producing substances found naturally in food

How long can Giardia Lamblia survive in H20?

up to 3 months

Cases of food borne disease occur each year in the United States.

~76 million (Majority are mild and cause symptoms for only a day or two.)